Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definition:
It refers to the deposition of a filler metal on a base metal (substrate) to impart some
desired property to the surface that is not intrinsic to the underlying base metal.
There are several types of surfacing:
Hardfacing
Buildup
Weld cladding
Buttering
1. Hard facing or surfacing is a form of surfacing that is applied for the purpose
of reducing
Wear or loss of materials by
Abrasion
Impact
Erosion
Galling
Cavitation.
Hardfacing can be used to extend the usage of life of the
component.
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 1
2. Buildup:
Refers to the addition of weld metal to a base metal surface for the restoration of
the component to the required dimensions.
Buildup alloys are generally not designed to resist wear, but to return the worn part
back to, or near, its original dimensions or to provide adequate support for subsequent
layers of true hard facing materials
3. Weld cladding:
It is a relatively thick layer of filler metal applied to a carbon or low-alloy steel base
metal for the purpose of providing a corrosion-resistant surface.
Weld cladding is normally carried out by
arc welding- SMAW, GTWA, SAW, FCAW
solid-state welding processes (roll cladding or explosion cladding)
vacuum brazing
4. Buttering also involves the addition of one or more layers of weld metal to the
face of the joint or surface to be welded.
It differs from buildup in that the primary purpose of buttering is to satisfy some
metallurgical consideration. It is used primarily for the joining of dissimilar
metals.
Hardfacing:
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 2
Selection of hardfacing
It is necessary to understand the wear that caused the metal deterioration
Classifications of wear
1. Impact Wear
Striking of one object against the another
Battering and pounding types of wear that breaks split or
deforms metal surfaces.
2. Abrasion
The wearing away of the surface by rubbing, grinding or
friction
It happens when hard and soft material rubbing together
It is caused by scouring action of sand, gravel or gritty
material on machining
3. Erosion
The wearing away of the material by abrasion of a liquid
This is also caused by steam or slurry that carry abrasive
materials
Pumps parts
4. Compression
Deformation type of wear caused by heavy static load or
by slowly increasing pressure on metal surface
Compressions wear causes metal to move or lose its
dimensional accuracy
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 3
5. Cavitations
This wear results from turbulent flow of liquids, which
carry suspended abrasive particles
6. Metal-metal wear
This wear is a seizing or galling type of wear that ribs and
tears out portion of metal surfaces
It is caused by metal parts together because of lack of
lubrication
Frictional heat helps to create this problem.
7. Corrosion Wear
8. Oxidation
This type of wear indicated by the flaking off or
crumbling of metal surfaces
This takes place when unprotected metal is exposed to a
combination of air, heat and moisture.
Rust
9. Thermal shock
It is problem indicated by cracking or splintering,
which is caused by repeated heating and cooling.
Spalling
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 4
Manganese (Mn)
Increases the ability to harden and adds toughness to the deposit.
Molybdenum (Mo)
Increases the strength and hardness.
Nickel (Ni)
When combined with chromium up to three percent provides toughness
Phosphorus (P)
an impurity
serves no useful purpose in hardfacing deposits
Tungsten (W)
Provides hardness,
Outstanding wear resistance ( M6C, MC)
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 5
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 6
Page 7
These alloys are considered most versatile of the hard facing material
They have excellent high temperature strength and good oxidation resistance
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 8
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 9
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 10
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 11
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 12
(ii)
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 13
Hardfacing - J.Anburaj
Page 14