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15
From (1.11),
!
!0
2 dV.
W =
2 V
Integrating by parts, we get
"#
$
!
!0
2
W =
dA
|| dV.
2
A
V
where the surface integral is over the bounding surfaces. Use E = and
Gauss Law:
"#
$
!
!0
2
W =
E dA +
|| dV.
2
A
V
"
$
!
!0 Qe nc
2
=
+
|| dV
2
!0
V
!
!0
=
||2 dV
2 V
(1)
since there is no enclosed charge. To extremize, we must set W = 0 when
! = +. In this case, |! |2 = ! ! = +2()+O(2 ):
!
!0
W =
2 () dV
2 V
!
%
%
= !0 A !0
2 dV
V
!
2
= !0
dV = 0.
V
Jackson 2.1
Using the method of images, we assume an imaginary opposite charge on the
other side of the conducting plane. The potential of this two charge system
is given by
&
'
1
q
q
($x) =
+
$
$
4!0 |$x d|
|$x + d|
2.1(a)
The surface charge is given by
%
%%
() = !0 Ez (, z = 0) = !0 %
z z=0
q
1
1
(
=
(
z
4!0 z
(z d)2 + 2
(z + d)2 + 2
"
$
q
zd
z+d
=
dq
+ 2 )3/2
2(d2
2.1(b)
Using Coulombs law on the image charge:
F$ =
1 qq
q 2
z
=
z
4!0 (2d)2
16!0 d2
2.1.(c)
In this part we are to calculate the force on the plate by integrating 2 /2!0
over the plate. To wit:
!
()2
$
F =
z 2d
2!0
0
!
d2 q 2
= z
d
2
4!0 0 ( + d2 )3
%
%
d2 q 2
1
q2
% =
= z
z
4!0 4(d2 + 2 )2 %0
16!0 d2
2.1(d)
q 2
z
16!0 z 2
2
From there,
W =
2.1(e)
%
q2
q 2 1 %%
=
Fz (z) dz =
16!0 z %d
16!0 d
2.1(f )
Plugging in the numbers, we get 3.6 eV, comparable to the work function for
most metals.
Jackson 2.3
There are three image line charges in this system: two of charge per unit
length to the left and below the original charge, and one of charge per
unit length diagonally from the original charge.
2.3(a)
The potential for the charge configuration above is just the sum of the individual potentials:
"
$
R2
R2
R2
R2
T ($x) =
ln
ln
ln
+ ln
4!0
|$x x$0 |2
|$x x$1 |2
|$x x$2 |2
|$x x$3 |2
where x$i are the locations of the charges (and ri = |$x x$i |. At the boundaries,
we notice immediately see that the = 0 due to symmetry: at x = 0,
|$x x$0 | = |$x x$3 | and |$x x$1 | = |$x x$2 |. Similar symmetry holds for y = 0.
Along the y = 0 plane, the tangential field Ex = /x. We note again
that the symmetry of the image charges: r0 /x = r1 /x and r2 /x =
r3 /x, such that all terms cancel.
3
2.3(b)
Before beginning this, we note that r0 /y = r1 /y and r2 /y =
r3 /y on the half-plane y = 0.
%
(x, y) %%
(x) = !0 Ey (x, 0) = !0
y %y=0
"
$
y0
y0
(x x0 )2 + y02 (x + x0 )2 + y02
"
$
1
y0
y0
/ =
(x x0 )2 + y02 (x + x0 )2 + y02
2.3(b)
From a table of integrals,
!
0
Thus,
1
1 2 arctan(x0 /y0 )
dx =
.
2
(x x0 ) + y0
2
y0
" $
x0
2
1
Qx =
(x)dx = tan
,
y0
0
as required. Since the charge per unit length z is independent of z, integrating
over an infinite plane yields infinite charge.
!
Jackson 2.9
2.9(a)
The induced charge density is given by (2.15):
= 3!0 E cos .
We know that the pressure acting radially outward on the sphere from last
homework is F/A = 2 /2!0 . Thus the total force acting on the right hemisphere is
# 2
Fz =
r d$a
2!0
! /2 !
1
=
3!20 E 2 cos2 R cos dd
2!0 /2 0
9
=
!0 R2 E02
4
4
2.9(b)
The induced charge density in this case is given by:
= 3!0 E cos +
Thus,
Q
.
4R2
)
*
"
$2
2
1
Q
6Q!
E
cos
0
F/A =
=
(3!0 E cos )2 +
+
.
2!0
2!
4R2
4R2
We proceed as before:
# 2
F =
r d$a
2!0
$2
"
! /2 !
1
6Q!0 E cos
Q
2
=
+
Rdd
(3!0 E cos ) +
2
2!0 /2 0
4R
4R2
9
QE0
Q2
2 2
=
!0 R E0
+
4
2
32!0 R2
Note the above corresponds to the left and right hemispheres. The QE0 /2
terms in the expressions above point in the same direction, but since this
problem was solved in the direction away from the cut, the two hemispheres
have differing signs for that term. Additionally, since that term is in the same
direction for both halves, it cancels such that the foce on one hemisphere is
9
Q2
F = !0 R2 E02 +
.
4
32!0 R2
Jackson 2.15
2.15(a)
Obviously, the given form of the Greens function satisfies the boundary
conditions on x.
" 2
$
2
2
G =
+
G
x2 y 2
$
"
+
2 gn
2 2
!
!
!
= 2
n gn (y, y ) sin(nx) sin(nx ) +
sin(nx) sin(nx )
2
y
n=1
$
" 2
+
2 2
= 2
n gn sin(nx) sin(nx! )
2
y
n=1
= 4(x x! )(y y ! )
'
sin(nx) sin(nx! )
n=1
Thus we equate the two series and the individual terms in the series, giving
the relation in the book.
2.15(b)
When y $= y ! ,
"
$
2
2 2
n gn = 4(y y ! )
y 2
An =
4
.
n sinh(n)
Problem II.A
Analyticity implies that there is a single-valued complex derivative of the
complex function f (z). In order for the derivative to exist, it must be the
same regardless of the direction of differentiation.
%
df %%
fR
fI
=
+i
%
dz dz=dx
x
y
%
df %%
fR fI
= i
+
%
dz dz=idy
y
y
Equating the real and imaginary parts of the derivatives above yields the
Cauchy-Riemann equations:
fR
fI
=
x
y
fI
fR
=
y
y
6
2 fR 2 fR
2 fI
2 fI
+
=
= 0.
x2
y 2
xy yx
Similarly, 2 fI = 0.
When f (z) = arcsin(z) = w,