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VanderWaalsEquation

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Chemistry / Textbooks / BoundlessChemistry / Gases / DeviationofGasfromIdealBehavior

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VanderWaalsEquation

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ThevanderWaalsequationmodifiestheIdealGasLawtocorrectfortheexcluded
volumeofgasparticlesandintermolecularattractions.
LEARNINGOBJECTIVE [edit]
DistinguishthevanderWaalsequationfromtheIdealGasLaw.

KEYPOINTS [edit]
ThevanderWaalsequationisanequationofstatethatcorrectsfortwopropertiesofrealgases:the
excludedvolumeofgasparticlesandattractiveforcesbetweengasmolecules.
ThevanderWaalsequationisfrequentlypresentedas:

Theconstantsaandbrepresentthemagnitudeofintermolecularattractionandexcludedvolume
respectively,andarespecifictoaparticulargas.

TERMS [edit]

vanderwaalsequation
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VanderWaalsEquation

arelationbetweenparticlesofafluidthathaveanonzerovolumeandapairwiseattractiveinterparticleforce

idealgaslaw
anequationdescribingthepropertiesofanidealgas,generallypresentedasPV=nRT

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FULLTEXT [edit]

TheIdealGasLawisbasedontheassumptionsthat
gasesarecomposedofpointmassesthatundergo
perfectlyelasticcollisions.However,realgases
deviatefromthoseassumptionsatlowtemperatures
orhighpressures.Imagineacontainerwherethe
pressureisincreased.Asthepressureincreases,the
volumeofthecontainerdecreases.Thevolume
occupiedbythegasparticlesisnolongernegligible
comparedtothevolumeofthecontainerandthe
volumeofthegasparticlesneedstobetakeninto
account.Atlowtemperatures,thegasparticleshave
lowerkineticenergyanddonotmoveasfast.Thegas

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particlesareaffectedbytheintermolecularforces
actingonthem,whichleadstoinelasticcollisionsbetweenthem.Thisleadstofewercollisionswiththe
containerandalowerpressurethanwhatisexpectedfromanidealgas.

ThevanderWaalsEquationandPVIsotherms
DerivedbyJohannesDiderikvanderWaalsin1873,thevanderWaalsequationmodifiestheIdealGasLawit
predictsthepropertiesofrealgasesbydescribingparticlesofnonzerovolumegovernedbypairwiseattractive
forces.Thisequationofstateispresentedas:

wherePisthepressure,Visthevolume,Ristheuniversalgasconstant,andTistheabsolutetemperature.
Isotherm(plotsofpressureversusvolumeatconstanttemperature)canbeproducedusingthevanderWaals
model.

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VanderWaalsEquation

vanderWaalsisotherms
Thisgraphdemonstratestherelationshipbetweenpressure,volume,andtemperaturebasedonthevander
Waalsmodel.Itcorrectlypredictsamostlyincompressibleliquidphase,buttheoscillationsinthephase
transitionzonedonotfitexperimentaldata.

Theconstantsaandbhavepositivevaluesandarespecifictoeachgas.Theterminvolvingtheconstanta
correctsforintermolecularattraction.Attractiveforcesbetweenmoleculesdecreasethepressureofarealgas,
slowingthemoleculesandreducingcollisionswiththewalls.
Thehigherthevalueofa,thegreatertheattractionbetweenmoleculesandthemoreeasilythegaswill
compress.
Thebtermrepresentstheexcludedvolumeofthegasorthevolumeoccupiedbythegasparticles.
NoticethatthevanderWaalsequationbecomestheIdealGasLawasthesetwocorrectiontermsapproachzero.
ThevanderWaalsmodeloffersareasonableapproximationforrealgasesatmoderatelyhighpressures.
Additionalmodelshavebeensubsequentlyintroducedtomoreaccuratelypredictthebehaviorofnonideal
gases.
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VanderWaalsEquation

PREVCONCEPT

NEXTCONCEPT

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Referencedin1quizquestion

InthevanderWaalsequationfornonidealgases,alowervalueofthevariablea
correspondsto____________. WelcometoBoundless!Seehowwecanhelp.

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ImanEducator

KEYTERMREFERENCE

Pressure

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:SIUnitsofPressure,PhysicsandEngineering:
ImanAdministrator
FluidPressureandForce,andSurfaceTensionandCapillaryAction

energy

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:SurfaceTension,EnergyTransportation,and

IntroductiontoWorkandEnergy

excludedvolume

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:TheEffectoftheFiniteVolume,TheEffect

ofIntermolecularForces,andRealGases

gas

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:ThreeStatesofMatter,IrreversibleAdditionReactions,and

MicrostatesandEntropy

idealgas

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:OverviewofTemperatureandKineticTheory,

Temperature,andMolarMassofGas

intermolecular

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:IonDipoleForce,PhaseChangesand

EnergyConservation,andHydrogenBonding

intermolecularforce

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:DipoleDipoleForce,Capillary

Action,andMolecularCrystals

intermolecularforces

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:PhysicalPropertiesofCovalent

Molecules,IntermolecularForcesandSolutions,andIntroductiontoBonding

isotherm
kinetic

Appearsinthisrelatedconcept:Boyle'sLaw:VolumeandPressure
Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:Friction:Static,TheKineticMolecularTheoryof

Matter,andPostmodernistSculpture

kineticenergy

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:SolidSolubilityandTemperature,Pressure,

andTypesofEnergy

kinetics

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:ChemicalKineticsandChemicalEquilibrium,

OrganicReactionsOverview,andFourMemberedRings
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VanderWaalsEquation

molecule

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:Molecules,LevelsofOrganizationofLivingThings,

andChemicalReactionsandMolecules

temperature

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:ExtractiveMetallurgy,Temperature,and

ComplexIonEquilibriaandSolubility

volume

Appearsintheserelatedconcepts:Volumes,VolumeandDensity,andShapeand

Volume

WelcometoBoundless!Seehowwecanhelp.
SOURCES

Boundlessvetsandcurateshighquality,openlylicensedcontentfromaroundtheInternet.This
ImaStudent
particularresourceusedthefollowingsources:
"Boundless."
http://www.boundless.com/
BoundlessLearningCCBYSA3.0.

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"idealgaslaw."
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ideal_gas_law
WiktionaryCCBYSA3.0.

"VanderWaalsequation."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_equation
WikipediaCCBYSA3.0.

"Waals2."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Waals2.svg
WikimediaCommonsCCBYSA3.0.

CITETHISSOURCE

Source:Boundless.VanderWaalsEquation.BoundlessChemistry.Boundless,08Aug.2016.Retrieved21Aug.2016
fromhttps://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundlesschemistrytextbook/gases5/deviationofgasfromideal
behavior56/vanderwaalsequation2698307/

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VanderWaalsEquation

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