THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA

TERM TEST 2, FALL 2007

NOVEMBER 14, 6:00-8:00 PM
TIME ALLOWED:
2
HOURS
DEPARTMENT: Electrical and Computer Engineering
COURSE: ECE 4260 Communication Systems
EXAMINER: P. Yahampath
PAGE NO: 1 OF 4

Closed-book exam: No printed or hand-written material allowed.

A calculator may be used.
Answer all 3 questions.
6 Marks

1. The joint probability density function of two random variables X and Y is constant for
(X, Y ) pairs within the shaded area shown in the figure below and zero elsewhere.

y
0.5
1
1

0.5

(a) Find the joint probability that X > 0.5 and Y < 0.25.
(b) Find and plot the probability density function of Y .
(c) Find and plot the conditional probability density function of X, given that Y = 0.3.
6 Marks

2. A stationary random process X(t) has the power density spectrum shown below.

A

A
A


A


A


A

A

A
A


A


A


A
fc f0 fc
fc + f0

- f

Let Y (t) = X(t) cos(2fc t + ), where is a random variable uniformly distributed in

the (, ) interval. Assume X(t) and are statistically independent.
(a) Find the auto-correlation function of Y (t).
(b) Find the average power of Y (t).
(c) Find the variance of Y (t).

THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA

TERM TEST 2, FALL 2007
NOVEMBER 14, 6:00-8:00 PM
TIME ALLOWED:
2
HOURS
DEPARTMENT: Electrical and Computer Engineering
COURSE: ECE 4260 Communication Systems
EXAMINER: P. Yahampath
PAGE NO: 2 OF 4

6 Marks

3. A binary information source S has the alphabet {s1 , s2 }, where P (S = s1 ) = 0.4.

Messages from this information source are transmitted over a binary communication
channel with the input X {0, 1} and the output Y given by
Y = X OR Z,
where OR refers to the logical OR operation and Z is a binary random variable with
P (Z = 0) = 0.75 and P (Z = 1) = 1 P (Z = 0). Assume X and Z are independent.
(a) Consider the following transmission scheme. The message symbol S = s1 is transmitted by setting X = 0, while the symbol S = s2 is transmitted by setting X = 1.
After observing the channel output Y , a receiver produces the symbol S at its
output as follows:
(
s1 if Y = 0

S=
s2 if Y = 1
Find the probability of error, P (S 6= S), of the receiver.
(b) In order to reduce the probability of error, the transmission scheme is now modified
as follows. For every message symbol S from the information source, the same
channel input is transmitted 3 times, in succession. That is, for message symbol
S = s1 we transmit X1 = 0, X2 = 0 and X3 = 0, one after the other, over the
channel and correspondingly observe the channel output three times. Similarly, for
symbol S = s2 , we transmit X1 = 1, X2 = 1, and X3 = 1 consecutively over the
channel. Denote the three values of channel output Y , corresponding to X1 , X2 ,
and X3 , by Y1 , Y2 , and Y3 respectively.
The receiver in this system produces its output S according to the following decision
rule:
(
s1 if Y1 + Y2 + Y3 < 3
S =
s2 otherwise
Find the probability of error of the receiver.

THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA

TERM TEST 2, FALL 2007
NOVEMBER 14, 6:00-8:00 PM
TIME ALLOWED:
2
HOURS
DEPARTMENT: Electrical and Computer Engineering
COURSE: ECE 4260 Communication Systems
EXAMINER: P. Yahampath
PAGE NO: 3 OF 4

Supplementary Information

THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA

TERM TEST 2, FALL 2007
NOVEMBER 14, 6:00-8:00 PM
TIME ALLOWED:
2
HOURS
DEPARTMENT: Electrical and Computer Engineering
COURSE: ECE 4260 Communication Systems
EXAMINER: P. Yahampath
PAGE NO: 4 OF 4

Fourier Transform