Mobile Communication Systems

Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat

DCSE, UET Peshawar
Lecture 1

safdar@uetpeshawar.edu.pk

Resource Material
Course Book
No particular book

Reference Books

LTE for UMTS, Evolution to LTE-Advanced, 2nd Edition, Holma and

Toskala, 2011, John Wiley & Sons
LTE The UMTS Long Term Evolution, From Theory to Practice,
Sesia, Toufik and Baker, 2009 John Wiley & Sons

safdar@uetpeshawar.edu.pk

Academic Honesty
Your work must be your OWN
Reports and presentations only with original work acceptable
Copied statement to be double quoted and referenced
Ideas and facts from other sources to be referenced
Figures and tables from other sources allowed only if referenced

Students to be awarded F grade if

Reported work of others without reference
Collaborated excessively in individual tasks
Found to have cheated e.g.
o Copied or shared reports
o Copied during an examination

Repeated infractions will result in

Failure in the course
Disciplinary action

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 No mobile phone usage during Lecture

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Course Group
https://groups.yahoo.com/group/MCS_2015_fall

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Course Outline

Overview
Radio Channel and Signal Fading
Basics of Cellular Networks
Mobile Communication Systems

Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
Long Term Evolution (LTE)

LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)
Relay Node
Carrier Aggregation
MIMO/Femtocell

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication

Simulation Models
Analytical Models
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Quiz for Assessment

A fair dice is rolled five times. What is the probability of

getting an odd outcome twice?

A sinusoid has a frequency of 4 Hz. It is sampled with a
sampling frequency of 16 Hz. Plot the sinusoid on timescale
along with the samples?
Convert a power of 10 dBW to linear scale.
Plot the graph of normal distribution with mean 0 and
standard deviation 8.
What are differences between modulation schemes AM, FM
and PM?

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OVERVIEW

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Communication Examples
Wired Communication
Telephone for voice transmission
Telegraph for text transmission

Wireless communication
Telephonic conversation with at least one mobile user
o Unrestricted mobility in coverage area

Telephonic conversation with at least one cordless user

o Mobility restricted to a small area

Computers communication with at least one Wi-Fi user

o Mobility restricted to a small area

Computers communication with at least one mobile user

o Mobility restricted to a small area

Direct communication between devices via Bluetooth/Infrared

o Mobility prohibited or restricted to a very small area
Sources: Dr. U. Trke, UMTS-3G Mobile Communication Systems, University of Bremen, 2009
safdar@uetpeshawar.edu.pk

History
Light for communication
Torches, flags (semaphore), ...
Signaling towers of Han-Dynasty in China (206 BC 24 AD)
Smoke signals for communication in Greece (150 BC)
Optical telegraph of Claude Chappe (1794 esp. French Revolution)

Sources: Dr. U. Trke, UMTS-3G Mobile Communication Systems, University of Bremen, 2009 and

https://cflagexpressions.wordpress.com/2010/03/23/history-behind-semaphore-flags

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History (cont.)
Electromagnetic waves for communication

Faradays electromagnetic induction (1831)

Maxwell theory of electromagnetic fields and wave equations (1864)
Telephony by Alexander Graham Bell (1876)
Hertz proved the existence of electromagnetic waves (1888)
Marconis first demonstration of radio transmission (1895)
o Long wave transmission

Marconi's first ever wireless

communication over open sea
on 13 May 1897

Source: https://www.maps.google.com
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History (cont.)
Commercialization of radio communication
Commercial transatlantic connections with huge base stations (1907)
Wireless voice transmission New York - San Francisco (1915)
Short wave discovery by Marconi (1920)
Commercial car radio receivers (1927)

Mobile communication systems

USA in 40s
Europe in 50s

Source: Dr. U. Trke, UMTS-3G Mobile Communication Systems, University of Bremen, 2009
safdar@uetpeshawar.edu.pk

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Mobile Communication Systems

Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)
Introduced in 1983
Analogue system
Known as the first generation (1G) mobile phone system

Groupe Spcial Mobile (GSM)

Known today as the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
Specifications for a digital mobile system finalized in 1990
Second generation (2G) system
First GSM network deployed in Finland in 1991

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Mobile Communication Systems (cont.)

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
UMTS forum formed in Zurich in 1996
1st UMTS network launched in United Kingdom in 2003
Third generation (3G) system

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

IP based packet-only network
Flat architecture (only one type of node in radio access network, i.e.
base station and without central controller)
December 14, 2009, the first commercial LTE deployment by
Teliasonera in Scandinavian capitals Stockholm and Oslo
LTE is NOT 4G (a 4G system must fulfill some requirements)

Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A)

The real 4G network
Fulfill the 4G requirements (spectral efficiency, peak data rate, ...)
SK Telecom South Korea launched first LTE-A network in June 2013
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Development
Mobile phone evolution

Source: https://storify.com/yonathan32/the-evolution-of-cell-phones
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Development (cont.)
Mobile network data rate and mobility evolution

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Development (cont.)
Mobile network service evolution

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Trends
Mobile vs. Desktop users

Source: http://www.smartinsights.com/mobile-marketing/mobile-marketing-analytics/mobile-marketing-statistics
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Trends (cont.)
Internet usage per day

Source: http://www.smartinsights.com/mobile-marketing/mobile-marketing-analytics/mobile-marketing-statistics
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Trends (cont.)
Device popularity

Source: http://www.smartinsights.com/mobile-marketing/mobile-marketing-analytics/mobile-marketing-statistics
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Trends (cont.)
Mobile gaining fame

over fixed line

Source: European Commission, E-Communications Household Survey, June 2012

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Trends (cont.)
Mobile gaining fame

over fixed line

Source: European Commission, E-Communications Household Survey, June 2012

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Trends (cont.)
Popularity in terms of subscription

Source: GSM Association, The Mobile Economy, 2015

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Trends (cont.)
Technology usage

Source: GSM Association, The Mobile Economy, 2015

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Trends (cont.)
LTE popularity

Source: GSM Association, The Mobile Economy, 2015

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Trends (cont.)
Mobile data traffic

Source: GSM Association, The Mobile Economy, 2015

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Spectrum Allocation
Spectrum - scarce natural resource
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Controls usage of spectrum worldwide
Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) of Pakistan is signatory

Valid usage of frequencies documented in Radio Regulations

World Radio Conference (WRC)
Organized in about every three years
Usage of frequencies adapted to latest technical developments

Source: http://www.fab.gov.pk
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Spectrum Allocation (cont.)

ITU has divided the World into three region
Pakistan in Region 3

Source: http://www.fab.gov.pk
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Spectrum Allocation (cont.)

Spectrum occupancy of Pakistani cellular operators
For GSM
In MHz

Source: http://www.pta.gov.pk
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Spectrum Allocation (cont.)

Spectrum occupancy of Pakistani cellular operators
For 3G
In MHz

Source: http://www.pta.gov.pk
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Spectrum Allocation (cont.)

Spectrum occupancy of Pakistani cellular operators
For 4G
In MHz

Source: http://www.pta.gov.pk
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Exercises
Give some examples of wireless communication systems.

Explain coverage and mobility character of these systems.

Primarily two categories

Name the generations of mobile radio systems? What are

their main features?

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Exercises (cont.)
What are the standards for wireless communication other

than cellular systems?

Give at least 3 examples

Is it possible to use a random frequency band and operate a

mobile phone system on it?

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