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B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR-302016


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Science For Class 10


Acid, Base and Salt
EXTRA QUESTIONS

(Q.) How does an acid taste?


(Ans) An acid has a sour taste.
(Q.) Name the acid found in (a) Soft drinks (b) Vinegar.
(Ans) (a)Soft drinks :- Carbonic acid (b)Vinegar :- Acetic acid.
(Q.) Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
(Ans) Washing soda [Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O]
(Q.) Name three mineral acids.
(Ans) (i) Sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) (ii) (ii) Nitric acid (HNO 3 ) (iii) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
(Q.) Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster of Paris and water.
(Ans)

CaSO 4. 1/2 H 2 O + 3/2 H 2 O CaSO 4 .2H 2 O


Plaster of
Gypsum
Paris

(Q.) What is an indicator?


(Ans) An indicator is a dye that changes colour when it is put in an acid or a base(alkali).

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(Q.) Define pH.

(1 Mark)
(Ans) It is defined as the negative logarithm (base10) of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per litre.
pH= -log 10 [H+]
(Q.) What is an alkali?
(Ans) A base which is soluble in water is called an alkali.
(Q.) What is a base?
(Ans) A base is a chemical substance which dissociates in aqueous solution to give hydroxyl ions.
(Q.) What is the chemical name of washing soda?
(Ans) The chemical name of washing soda is sodium carbonate decahydrate [Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O].
(Q.) What is the common name of the compound CaOCl 2 ?
(Ans) Bleaching powder
(Q.) Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder.
(Ans) Slaked lime [Ca(OH) 2 ]

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ATOLIA CLASSES
B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR-302016
CONTACT : 9828553349
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(Q.) What is an acid?

(1 Mark)
(Ans) An acid is a substance which dissociates in aqueous solution to give hydrogen ion or hydronium ion.
(Q.) What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated?
(Ans) Sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating gives sodium carbonate and liberates carbon dioxide.
2NaHCO 3 Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2

(1 Mark)

(Q.) How does acetic acid (vinegar) help in the preservation of food?

(1 Mark)
(Ans) The growth of micro-organisms responsible for food spoilage is prevented or they are rendered inactive
by pickling in vinegar or acetic acid.
(Q.) What is a salt?
(Ans)
The substance formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid with a baes is called salt.
NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H 2 O

(1 Mark)

(Q.) What do you mean by universal indicator?

(1 Mark)
(Ans) It is a mixture of several indicators having different pH ranges. It shows many colour changes over a wide
range of pH. Each colour corresponds to a certain pH value.

(Q.) What is a neutralization reaction ?

(1 Mark)
(Ans) A reaction between an acid and an alkali with the formation of salt and water is called neutralization
reaction.
Example :- NaOH + HCl NaCl + H 2 O
(Q.) Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does?

(2 Marks)
(Ans) Distilled water is a bad conductor of electricity, so it does not conduct electricity whereas rainwater is a
good conductor of electricity due to the presence of some acid. Hence, rainwater conducts electricity.
(Q.) Fresh milk has a pH 6. How do you think the pH will change as it becomes sour?

(2 Marks)
(Ans) pH will decrease as it becomes sour. Sour milk contains lactic acid.So,H+ concentration will increase.
(Q.) What are acid & base indicators?

(2 Marks)
(Ans) Acid & base indicators are dyes or mixtures of dyes which are used to indicate the presence of acids and
bases. For example, phenolphthalein, methyl orange.
(Q.) What are alkalis?
(Ans) The bases which are soluble in water are known as alkalis. For example, NaOH, KOH.

(2 Marks)

(Q.)
Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity?

(2 Marks)
(Ans) When acid is dissolved in water, hydrogen ions (H+) become free to move and hence they can conduct
electricity.

ATOLIA CLASSES
B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR-302016
CONTACT : 9828553349
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(Q.) How is concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) affected when excess of base is dissolved in a solution of
sodium hydroxide?
(2 Marks)
(Ans) Concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) becomes high when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium
hydroxide.
(Q.) What is neutralization reaction?
(Ans) The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water is known as neutralization reaction.
Salt + Water
Acid + Base
KCl + H 2 O
HCl + KOH
(Hydro (Potassium (Potassium (Water)
chloric hydroxide) Chloride)
acid)
(Q.) Why a substance is acidic or basic in nature?

(2 Marks)

(2 Marks)
(Ans) Acidic nature of a substance is due to the formation of H 3 +O (aq) ions in aqueoussolution and basic nature
of a substance is due to thefurnishing of OH- (aq) ions in solution.

(Q.) Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?

(2 Marks)
(Ans) Curd and sour substances contain acids which can react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous
metal compounds. These compounds can cause food poisoning and damage our health.
(Q.) A metal compound X reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce gas (Y). The gas (Y) evolved
extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one of the compounds
formed is calcium chloride. Write names of x & y.
(3 Marks)
(Ans) Metal compound X is calcium carbonate because it reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to give calcium
chloride, water and carbon dioxide gas which extinguishes a burning candle. Hence, y is carbon dioxide.
CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O
CaCO 3 + 2HCl
Calcium carbonate Hydrochloric acid Calcium chloride Carbondioxide
(Q.) Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an example. How will you
test for the presence of this gas?
(3 Marks)
(Ans) Hydrogen is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal.
For example, when zinc granules react with dilute sulphuric acid, zinc sulphate and hydrogen are formed.
Salt + Hydrogen gas
Metal + Acid
ZnSO 4 + H 2
Zn + H 2 SO 4
Zinc Sulphuric acid Zinc sulphate Hydrogen gas
When a burning candle is brought near the gas, it burns with a pop sound. It shows presence of hydrogen gas.
(Q.) You have given three test tubes, one of them contain distilled water and the other two contain an acid
solution and a basic solution respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the
contents of each test tube?
(3 Marks)
(Ans) We put the red litmus paper in all the test tubes, turn by turn. The solution which turns red litmus blue
will be a basic solution. The blue litmus paper obtained here, is dipped in the remaining two test tubes, one by
one.
The solution which turns the blue litmus paper to red will be the acidic solution and the solution which has no
effect on any litmus paper will be neutral and hence is distilled water.
(Q.) What is bleaching powder? How is it prepared? Write chemical equation involved in the preparation of
bleaching powder. Write two uses of bleaching powder.
(5 Marks)

ATOLIA CLASSES
B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR-302016
CONTACT : 9828553349
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(Ans) Bleaching powder is Calcium oxy chloride ( CaOCl 2 ). It is prepared by passing chlorine gas over dry slaked
lime.
CaOCl 2 + H 2 O
Ca (OH) 2 + Cl 2
Calcium Hydroxide chlorine Calcium oxy chloride Water
(Slaked lime) (Bleaching powder)
Uses

1. Bleaching powder is used for bleaching cotton and linen in the textile industry and for bleaching wood pulp in
paper industry.
2. It is used for disinfecting drinking water to make it free of germs.
hapterwise Q and A
(Q.) A compound which is prepared from gypsum has a property of hardening when mixed with water.
Identify the compound. Write the chemical equation of its preparation. Mention two uses of the compound.
(5 Marks)
(Ans) The compound is plaster of Paris ( CaSO 4 .

H 2 O)

The chemical name of it, is calcium sulphate hemihydrate.


373 K
CaSO 4 . 2H 2 O
(Gypsum)

CaSO 4 . H 2 O + 1 H 2 O
calcium sulphate hemihydrate
(Plaster of Paris)

Uses of plaster of Paris:


1. It is used for plastering the fractured bones in hospitals.
2. It is used for making toys and statues.
(Q.) What is baking soda? How is it produced? Write two uses of it.
(Ans) Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate ( NaHCO 3 ). It is produced as follows+
CO 2
+
NH 3
NH 4 Cl
+
NaHCO 3
NaCl + H 2 O
Sodium Water
Carbondioxide Ammonia
Ammonium
Baking soda
chloride
chloride

(5 Marks)

Uses of baking soda 1. For making baking powder which is a mixture of baking soda and tartaric acid.
2. It is used as an antacid.
(Q.) Write a short note on pH scale.

(5 Marks)
(Ans) pH - The negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per litre is called pH.
pH = - log 10 [H+]
A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution is known as pH scale. On the pH scale we can
measure pH from0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline). pH indicates the acidic or basic nature of a solution. Higher
the hydronium ion concentration, lower is the pH value.
The pH of a neutral solution is 7. Values less than 7 on the pH scale represent an acidic solution. As the PH value
increases from 7 to 14, it represents an increase in OH- concentration that is, increase in the strength of alkali.

ATOLIA CLASSES
B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR-302016
CONTACT : 9828553349
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(Q.)
Classify the following into strong acids and weak acids:
HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , H 2 CO 3 , H 2 SO 3 , CH 3 COOH
(Ans)
Weak acids
Strong acids.
HCl, HNO 3
CH 3 COOH
H 2 SO 3 , H 2 CO 3
H 2 SO 4
(Q.)
What happens when: (Support your answer with balanced chemical equations).
1)
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium metal.
2)
Magnesium hydroxide is added to nitric acid.
3)
Sodium carbonate is treated with dilute sulphuric acid.
4)
Zinc metal reacts with caustic soda.
5)
Carbon-di-oxide gas is bubbled through potassium hydroxide.
(Ans)
1) Hydrogen gas is evolved.
2NaCl + H 2 .
2HCl + 2Na
2) Neutralisation reaction takes place
Mg (NO 3 ) 2 + 2H 2 O
Mg (OH) 2 + 2HNO 3
3) Effervescence of carbon dioxide is seen.
Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 O + CO 2
Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 SO 4
4) Hydrogen gas is liberated
Na 2 ZnO 2 + H 2
Zn + 2NaOH
5) The solution turns milky due to formation of sodium carbonate.
Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O.
2NaOH + CO 2
(Q.)
Classify the following into weak and srong bases:
NH 4 OH, Ca (OH) 2 , NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH) 2
(Ans)
Weak base
Strong base
NaOH, KOH
NH 4 OH, Ca(OH) 2
Mg (OH) 2
(Q.) Why does dry HCl gas does not change the colour of a dry blue litmus paper?
(Ans)
Dry HCl gas does not contain hydronium ion. It,therefore, does not act as an acid & hence no change in colour of
blue litmus is observed.
(Q.)
Write one example for each of the following:
1) A mono acidic base
2) A mono basic acid
3) A weak base containing no metal ion
4) A mono basic organic acid
5) A mineral acid
(Ans)

ATOLIA CLASSES
B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR-302016
CONTACT : 9828553349
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1) A mono acidic base NaOH.


2) A mono basic acid HNO 3
3) A weak base containing no metal ion NH 4 OH
4) A mono basic organic acid CH 3 COOH
5) A mineral acid HCl

(Q.)
Name the following:
1) A solution which turns pink on adding caustic soda
2) A gas, which gives permanent milkiness to lime water
3) A solution, which turns blue on adding caustic potash
4) The reaction involved in preparation of salts
5) An acid with two replaceable hydrogen atoms
(Ans)
1) A solution which turns pink on adding caustic soda Phenolphthalein
2) A gas, which gives permanent milkiness to lime water SO 2 .
3) A solution, which turns blue on adding caustic potash Red litmus.
4) The reaction involved in preparation of salts Neutralization reaction
5) An acid with two replaceable hydrogen atoms Dibasic acid.
(Q.)
Give one example for each of the following:
1)
Soluble salt
2)
Normal salt
3)
Hydrated salt
4)
Insoluble salt
(Ans)
1) Soluble salt KCl
2) Normal salt NaCl
3) Hydrated salt CuSO 4 .5H 2 O
4) Insoluble salt CaCl 2
(Q.) Two solutions A and B have pH values 2 and 9 respectively. Which one of these two will give a pink colour
with phenolphthalein indicator?
(Ans)
A (pH = 2) is an acid, while
B (pH = 9) is a base.
B will give pink colour with phenolphthalein.
(Q.) What happens when saturated solution of sodium chloride is electrolysed?
(Ans)
Saturated solution of NaCl contains following ions on passing current:
At Cathode :
Na+ + e- Na.
Na + H 2 O NaOH + H 2
At Anode :
Cl- - e- Cl
Cl + Cl Cl 2
(Q.) (a) How does a change in pH causes tooth decay?
(b) What are antacids?

(3 Marks)
(Ans)
(a) Tooth decay starts when pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5. Tooth enamel is made up of calcium phosphate
and is insoluble in water but is corroded when pH in the mouth is below 5.5.
(b) Antacids are bases that neutralise the excess acid.
For example, magnesium hydroxide.

ATOLIA CLASSES
B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR-302016
CONTACT : 9828553349
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Q.) (a) Name two edible acids.


(b) Classify aqueous solution of carbon dioxide as acid or base.
(c)Which acid will produce large number of H+ ions and why?
(i) aq. solution of acetic acid
(ii) aq. solution of hydrochloric acid

(3 Marks)
(Ans)
(a) Acetic acid and citric acid
(b) Aqueous solution of carbon dioxide is acidic (due to the presence of carbonic acid).
(c) Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid and acetic acid is a weak acid. Therefore, hydrochloric acid will produce
large number of H+ ions.
(Q.) Differentiate between Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange indicators.
(Ans)

Phenolphthalein
A colourless indicator
Remain colourless in acidic solution
Turns pink in basic solution

(3 Marks)

Methyl orange
An orange-coloured indicator
Turns pink in acidic solution
Turns yellow in basic solution

(Q.) Represent the following by a balanced chemical reaction:


(a)Iron reacts with sulphuric acid.
(b)Sodium carbonate reacts with acetic acid.
(c)Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide.
(Ans)
FeSO 4 + H 2
(a)Fe+ H 2 SO 4
2CH 3 COONa + H 2 O + CO 2
(b)Na 2 CO 3 + 2CH 3 COOH
(c)HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H 2 O
(Q.) Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?

(3 Marks)

(2 Marks)
(Ans)
Curd and sour substances contain acids which can react with the metal of the vessel to form poisonous metal
compounds. These compounds can cause food poisoning and damage our health.
(Q.) Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does?

(2 Marks)
(Ans)
Distilled water is a bad conductor of electricity, so it does not conduct electricity whereas rainwater is a good
conductor of electricity due to the presence of some acid. Hence, rainwater conducts electricity.

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