BACKGROUND

The Indonesian National Police

When large parts of Indonesia was under Dutch colonial occupation until 1940s, Police duties were
performed by either military establishments or colonial police known as the veldpolitie or the fields
police.
Japanese occupation during WW II brought changes when the Japanese formed various armed
organizations to support their war.
This had led to the distribution of weapons to military trained youths, which were largely confiscated
from the Dutch armoury.
After the Japanese occupation, the national police became an armed organization.
The Indonesian police was established in 1946, and its units fought in the Indonesian National
Revolution against the invading Dutch forces. Also participated in suppressing the 1948 communist
revolt in Madiun. In 1966, the police was brought under the control of Armed Forces Chief.
Following the proclamation of independence, the police played a vital role when they actively
supported the peoples movement to dismantle the Japanese army. And to strengthen the defence of
the newly created Republic of Indonesia.
The police were not combatants who were required to surrender their weapons to Allied forces.
During the revolution of independence, the police gradually formed into what is now known as
Kepolisian Negara Republic Indonesia (POLRI) or the Indonesian National Police.
In 2000, the police force officially regained its independence and now is separate from the military.

List of Chiefs of Police (Kapolri)

R Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo
Soekarno Djojonegoro
Soetjipto Danoekoesoemo
Soetjipto Joedodihardjo
Hoegeng Imam Santoso
Moch. Hasan
Widodo Budidarmo
Awaluddin Djamin
Anton Sudjarwo
Moch. Sanoesi
Kunarto
Banurusman Astrosemitro
Dibyo Widodo

(29 September 1945-14 December 1959)

(15 December 1959-29 December 1963)
(30 December 1963-8 May 1965)
(9 May 1965-8 May 1968)
(9 May 1968-2 October 1971)
(3 October 1971-1974)
(1974-25 September 1978)
(26 September 1978-1982)
(1982-1986)
(1986-19 February 1991)
(20 February 1991-April 1993)
(April 1993-March 1996)
(March 1996-28 June 1998)

Roesmanhadi
Roesdihardjo
Suroyo Bimantoro
Da'I Bachtiar
Sutanto
Bambang Hendarso Danuri
Timur Pradopo
Soetarman
Badrodin Haiti
Tito Karnavian

(29 June 1998-3 January 2000)

(4 January 2000-22 September 2000)
(23 September 2000-28 November 2001)
(29 November 2001-7 July 2005)
(8 July 2005-30 September 2008)
(30 September 2008 October 2010)
(October 2010 - October 2013)
(October 2013 - Present )
(17 April 2015 13 July 2016)
(13 July 2016 present)

Ranks of Indonesian National Police

At their early years, POLRI used European police style ranks like Inspector and Commissioner.
When the police was included into the military structure in 1960s, the ranks changed into military style
such as captain, major and colonel.
When POLRI conducted the transition to be fully independent out of armed forces
structure at 2001, they use British style police ranks like Inspector and Superintendent.
Now POLRI return to Dutch style ranks just like early years.

The Philippine National Police

The common history of the police forces of the Philippines can be traced back to the reigns of the preHispanic lakans, datus and sultans in the islands, where soldiers who served in the communities where the
people lived (and which reported directly to local leaders) also enforced local laws.
All changed with the arrival of the Spanish rule and the introduction of Western law to the archipelago.
Until 1868, personnel of the Spanish army and local militias were also tasked with policing duties in local
communities, together with the Island Carabiniers (raised 1768 and the colony's first ever police service).
In that year, the local branch of the Civil Guard was officially established by order of then GovernorGeneral Carlos Mara de la Torre y Nava Cerrada. Starting from a single division, during the
Revolutionary period it grew into a corps of military police with detachments in Luzon and the Visayas,
and was notorious for its abuses against Filipinos. (These abuses were mentioned in Jos Rizal's two
novels, Noli Me Tngere and El filibusterismo, both writing about several cases of Civil Guardsmen
abusing the local populace.)
With the beginning of American rule and the PhilippineAmerican War, the Philippine Constabulary (PC)
was raised in 1901 as a national gendarmerie force for law enforcement, directly reporting to the
American government. At the same time, what is now the Manila Police District came into existence as
the Philippines' first city police force. Later police forces began to model the US departments.

The PC was later integrated into the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the late 1930s - first
as a command of the Army, and later on its own after the State Police folded. (The PC's personnel would
later be fighting on both sides in the Second World War.)

Passed on December 13, 1990, Republic Act No. 6975, the Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990, ordered the merger of both the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated
National Police and formally created the Philippine National Police. R.A. 6975 was further amended by
R.A. 8551, the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, and by R.A. 9708.
The R.A. 8551 envisioned the PNP to be a community- and service-oriented agency.

List of Chiefs of the Philippine National Police

The "Director General" is head of the Philippine National Police and the position is invariably held by a
four-star general.
Cesar P. Nazareno
Raul S. Imperial
Umberto A. Rodriguez
Recaredo A. Sarmiento II
Santiago L. Alino
Roberto T. Lastimoso
Edmundo L. Larroza
Panfilo M. Lacson
Leandro Mendoza

(March 31, 1991 August 28, 1992)

(August 28, 1992 May 6, 1993)
(May 6, 1993 July 8, 1994)
(July 8, 1994 December 15, 1997)
(December 15, 1997 July 1998)
(July 19981999)
(1999 November 16, 1999)
(November 16, 1999 January 2001)
(March 16, 2001 - July 2002)

Hemogenes E. Ebdane Jr.

Edgar B. Aglipay
Arturo Lomibao
Oscar C. Calderon
Avelino I. Razon Jr.
Jesus A. Verzosa
Raul Bacalzo
Nicanor Bartolome
Alan Purisima
Leonardo Espina (OIC)
Ricardo C. Marquez
Ronald Dela Rosa

(July 2002 August 23, 2004)

(August 23, 2004 March 14, 2005)
(March 14, 2005 August 29, 2006)
(August 29, 2006 October 1, 2007)
(October 1, 2007 September 27, 2008)
(September 27, 2008 September 14, 2010)
(September 14, 2010 September 9, 2011)
(September 9, 2011 December 17, 2012)
(December 17, 2012 February 5, 2015)
(February 5, 2015 July 16, 2015)
(June 16, 2015 June 30, 2016)
(July 1, 2016 present)