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-method
-method of
In the case of an upper specification limit, A is set as U-k and the acceptance
A (see Figure 4.26). The parameters of the plan are n and
criterion is reversed as
k (or A).
- kS L
)/S
k=
k=
= 2.04
n=
= 32.7 33 ( known)
= 32.7 (1 +
Note that the matching single sampling attribute plan requires a sample of size 296 for
the same conditions.
The formula for n when is unknown is based on the normal approximation and is
found to work well even though (U -
M-method
The operating procedure of the variables plan is also modified using the uniform
minimum variance unbiased estimate of the lot fraction nonconforming p. In case of a
lower specification limit, the quantity
or
is used and the acceptance criterion remains the same. The M-method is also
equivalent to the k-method of operation of the plan.
The OC curve of the single sampling variables plan is drawn using the relationships
(k - Zp)
= Z1-Pa (known)
unknown)
The following graphs (Figure 4.28) show the relationships between the auxiliary
variables Zp and Z1-Pa.
< 2pm < AQL, the specification limits are still too narrow but one
may proceed if a double specification limit variables plan is used. This type of plan is
however beyond the scope of this course. Only if 2pm <
may a single
specification limit plan be used because the specification units are attainable for this
product variability level(s).
To select a variables scheme for given lot size and AQL, MIL-STD-414 tables were
used. The switching rules of MIL-STD-414 were based on the estimation of the
process average, unlike its attribute counterpart MIL-STD-105 E. These rules have
been modified in the ISO standard ISO 3951:1989(E), Sampling Procedures and
Charts for Inspection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming. For an example for the
application of variables plans, one may refer to ISO 8197:1988(E) Milk and Milk
Products - Sampling Inspection by Variables. This standard lists variable plans for
normal, reduced and tightened inspections indexed by AQL and lot size. For an AQL
of 1%, the following normal plans are listed in the standard:
Lot Size
up to 50
51 to 90
91 to 150
151 to 280
281 to 500
501 to 1200
1201 to 3200
3201 to 10,000
10,001 to 35,000
35,001 to 150,000
150,001 to 500,000
500,001 & above
n
4
5
7
10
15
20
25
35
50
75
100
150
k
1.45
1.53
1.62
1.72
1.79
1.82
1.85
1.89
1.93
1.98
2.00
2.03