EE525

Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 1/14
Fall 2004

EE 525: Line Constants Example

Example 4.1 in Anderson's Faulted Power Systems Book
A. Series Resistance Matrix
AC Resistance from table:
Rac := 0.278

ohm
mi

at 25 C and

freq := 60Hz

7 ohm

CarsonsResistConst := 9.869 10

m Hz
ohm

Rd := CarsonsResistConst freq

Rd = 0.0953

Rself := Rac + Rd

Rself = 0.3733

Rself Rd Rd
Rperlength := Rd Rself Rd

Rd Rd Rself
0.3733 0.0953 0.0953
ohm
Rperlength = 0.0953 0.3733 0.0953

mi
0.0953 0.0953 0.3733

mi
ohm
mi

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 2/14
Fall 2004

B. Inductance Matrix

o := 4 10

7H

:= 100ohm m

Calculate GMR from conductor diameter

1

dia := 0.528in

GMR := e

dia
2

GMR = 0.01713 ft

Conductor GMR from table:

Note that this doesn't match calculation based on diameter,
this is due to effects of stranding.

Ds := 0.01668ft

0.5

De := 2160

ft Hz

( ohm m)

De := De

Indcons :=
Dab := 10ft

0.5

De = 2.78855 10 ft

freq

o
2
Dac := 20ft

Dbc := 10ft

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Indcons ln De Indcons ln De Indcons ln De

Ds
Dab

Dac

De Indcons ln De Indcons ln De
Lperlength := Indcons ln

Dab
Ds
Dbc

De
De
De
Indcons ln
Indcons ln
Indcons ln

Dac
Dbc
Ds
3.87106 10 3 1.81234 10 3 1.58924 10 3

H
Lperlength = 1.81234 10 3 3.87106 10 3 1.81234 10 3
mi

3
3
3
1.81234 10
3.87106 10
1.58924 10
Zperlength := Rperlength + j 2 freq Lperlength

0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.095 + 0.599i

ohm
Zperlength = 0.095 + 0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i

mi
0.095 + 0.599i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i

If length = 40 miles:
Zline := Zperlength 40mi

14.932 + 58.374i 3.812 + 27.33i 3.812 + 23.965i

Zline = 3.812 + 27.33i 14.932 + 58.374i 3.812 + 27.33i

3.812 + 23.965i 3.812 + 27.33i 14.932 + 58.374i

Session 5; 3/14
Fall 2004

EE525
Power Systems Protection

a := 1 e

Session 5; 4/14
Fall 2004

2
3

1 1 1
2
A1 := 1 a a

2
1 a a

A1

1
1
1

A1 = 1 0.5 0.86603i 0.5 + 0.86603i

1 0.5 + 0.86603i 0.5 0.86603i

0.33333
0.33333

0.33333

= 0.33333 0.16667 + 0.28868i 0.16667 0.28868i

0.33333 0.16667 0.28868i 0.16667 + 0.28868i

Z012 := A1

Zline A1

22.55548 + 110.79032i 0.97119 0.56072i 0.97119 0.56072i

Z012 = 0.97119 0.56072i 11.12 + 32.16612i 1.94238 + 1.12144i

0.97119 0.56072i 1.94238 + 1.12144i 11.12 + 32.16612i

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 5/14
Fall 2004

0 0 1
Rp := 1 0 0

0 1 0

Rotation Matrix for

Transposition

Example 4.2:
f1 := 0.2

f2 := 0.3

f3 := 0.5

Znet := f1 Zline + f2 Rp

Zline Rp + f3 Rp Zline Rp

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 25.64735i 3.81183 + 26.65664i

Znet = 3.81183 + 25.64735i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.32021i

3.81183 + 26.65664i 3.81183 + 26.32021i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

Z0121 := A1

Znet A1

22.55548 + 110.79032i 0.29136 0.05607i 0.29136 0.05607i

Z0121 = 0.29136 0.05607i
11.12 + 32.16612i 0.58271 + 0.11214i

0.29136 0.05607i 0.58271 + 0.11214i 11.12 + 32.16612i

Example 4.3:
f13 := 0.4

f23 := 0.6

f33 := 0.0

Znet3 := f13 Zline + f23 Rp

Zline Rp + f33 Rp Zline Rp

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 27.3295i 3.81183 + 25.98378i

Znet3 = 3.81183 + 27.3295i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 25.31092i

3.81183 + 25.98378i 3.81183 + 25.31092i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Z0123 := A1

Session 5; 6/14
Fall 2004

Znet3 A1

22.55548 + 110.79032i 0.38848 + 0.44857i 0.38848 + 0.44857i

Z0123 = 0.38848 + 0.44857i 11.12 + 32.16612i 0.77695 0.89715i

0.38848 + 0.44857i 0.77695 0.89715i 11.12 + 32.16612i

Example 4.6:
f16 :=

1
3

f26 :=

f36 :=

Znet6 := f16 Zline + f26 Rp

1
3

Uniformly transposed

Zline Rp + f36 Rp Zline Rp

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i

Znet6 = 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i

3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

Z0126 := A1

Znet6 A1

0
0
22.555 + 110.79i

Z0126 =
0
11.12 + 32.166i
0

0
0
11.12 + 32.166i

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 7/14
Fall 2004

Example 4.1 in Anderson modified to have two parallel line, 150 feet apart
(center to center)
A. Resistance Matrix
AC Resistance from table:
Rac := 0.278

ohm
mi

at 25 C and

freq := 60Hz

7 ohm

CarsonsResistConst := 9.869 10
Rd := CarsonsResistConst freq
Rself := Rac + Rd

m Hz
Rd = 0.0953

ohm
mi

Rself = 0.3733

ohm
mi

Rself Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd
Rd Rself Rd Rd Rd Rd

Rd
Rd Rself Rd
Rd
Rd

Rperlength :=
Rd Rd Rd Rself Rd Rd
Rd Rd Rd Rd Rself Rd

Rd Rd Rd Rd Rd Rself
0.3733
0.0953

0.0953
Rperlength =
0.0953
0.0953

0.0953

0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953

0.3733 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953

0.0953 0.3733 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 ohm

0.0953 0.0953 0.3733 0.0953 0.0953 mi
0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.3733 0.0953

0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.0953 0.3733

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 8/14
Fall 2004

B. Inductance Matrix

o := 4 10

7H

:= 100ohm m

Calculate GMR from conductor diameter

1

dia := 0.528in

GMR := e

dia
2

GMR = 0.01713 ft

Conductor GMR from table:

Note that this doesn't match calculation based on diameter,
this is due to effects of stranding.

Ds := 0.01668ft
0.5

ft Hz

De := 2160

( ohm m)

De := De

Indcons :=

0.5

De = 2.78855 10 ft

freq
o
2

Da1b1 := 10ft

Da1c1 := 20ft

Db1c1 := 10ft

Da1a2 := 150ft

Da2b2 := 10ft

Da2c2 := 20ft

Db2c2 := 10ft

Da1b2 := 160ft

Dc1a2 := 130ft

Dc1b2 := 140ft

Db1c2 := 160ft

Db1b2 := 150ft
Da1c2 := 170ft

Dc1c2 := 150ft
Db1a2 := 140ft

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 9/14
Fall 2004

ln De
Ds

ln De
Da1b1

De
ln
Da1c1
Lperlength := Indcons
De
ln Da1a2

ln De
Da1b2
De
ln
Da1c2
3.87106
1.81234

1.58924
Lperlength =
0.94071
0.91993

0.90042

ln

ln De

Da1c1
De
De
ln
ln
Ds
Db1c1
De
De
ln
ln
Db1c1
Ds
De
De
ln
ln
Db1a2 Dc1a2
De
De
ln
ln
Db1b2 Dc1b2
De
De
ln
ln
Db1c2 Dc1c2
De

Da1b1

ln

ln De

Da1b2
De
De
ln
ln
Db1a2 Db1b2
De
De
ln
ln
Dc1a2 Dc1b2
De
De
ln
ln
Ds
Da2b2
De
De
ln
ln
Da2b2
Ds
De
De
ln
ln
Da2c2 Db2c2
De

Da1a2

ln

De

Da1c2

De

ln
Db1c2

De
ln

Dc1c2
De
ln
Da2c2

De

ln
Db2c2
De
ln
Ds

1.81234 1.58924 0.94071 0.91993 0.90042

3.87106 1.81234 0.96291 0.94071 0.91993

1.81234 3.87106 0.98677 0.96291 0.94071 mH

0.96291 0.98677 3.87106 1.81234 1.58924 mi
0.94071 0.96291 1.81234 3.87106 1.81234

0.91993 0.94071 1.58924 1.81234 3.87106

Zperlength := Rperlength + j 2 freq Lperlength

0.373 +
0.095 +

0.095 +
Zperlength =
0.095 +
0.095 +

0.095 +

1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.095 + 0.599i 0.095 + 0.355i 0.095 + 0.347i 0.095 + 0.339i
0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.095 + 0.363i 0.095 + 0.355i 0.095 + 0.347i

0.599i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.372i 0.095 + 0.363i 0.095 + 0.355i ohm
0.355i 0.095 + 0.363i 0.095 + 0.372i 0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.095 + 0.599i mi
0.347i 0.095 + 0.355i 0.095 + 0.363i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i 0.095 + 0.683i

0.339i 0.095 + 0.347i 0.095 + 0.355i 0.095 + 0.599i 0.095 + 0.683i 0.373 + 1.459i

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 10/14
Fall 2004

If length = 40 miles:
Zline := Zperlength 40mi

14.932 + 58.374i
3.812 + 27.33i

3.812 + 23.965i
Zline =
3.812 + 14.186i
3.812 + 13.872i

3.812 + 13.578i

3.812 + 27.33i

3.812 + 23.965i

3.812 + 14.186i

3.812 + 13.872i

3.812 + 13.578i

14.932 + 58.374i

3.812 + 27.33i

3.812 + 14.52i

3.812 + 14.186i

3.812 + 13.872i

3.812 + 27.33i

14.932 + 58.374i

3.812 + 14.88i

3.812 + 14.52i

3.812 + 14.186i

3.812 + 14.52i
3.812 + 14.88i 14.932 + 58.374i 3.812 + 27.33i 3.812 + 23.965i

3.812 + 14.186i 3.812 + 14.52i

3.812 + 27.33i 14.932 + 58.374i 3.812 + 27.33i
3.812 + 13.872i 3.812 + 14.186i 3.812 + 23.965i 3.812 + 27.33i 14.932 + 58.374i

Za := submatrix( Zline , 0 , 2 , 0 , 2 )

Zb := submatrix( Zline , 0 , 2 , 3 , 5 )

Zc := submatrix( Zline , 3 , 5 , 0 , 2 )

Zd := submatrix( Zline , 3 , 5 , 3 , 5 )

Za012 := A1
Zc012 := A1

Za A1

Zc A1

Zb012 := A1
Zd012 := A1

Zb A1

Zd A1

Build the matrix by stacking and augmenting submatrices

Z012left := stack( Za012 , Zc012)
Z012right := stack( Zb012 , Zd012)
Z012 := augment( Z012left , Z012right)

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 11/14
Fall 2004

Note the off-diagonal subblocks and their coupling.

0.971 0.561i
0.971 0.561i
22.555 + 110.79i

1.942 + 1.121i
11.12 + 32.166i
0.971 0.561i

11.12 + 32.166i
0.971 0.561i
1.942 + 1.121i
Z012 =
11.435 + 42.6i
0.291 0.482i
0.291 0.482i

3
0.019 0.011i
0.272 + 0.493i 1.683 10 0.022i

3
0.022i
0.019 0.011i
1.683 10
0.272 + 0.493i

11.435 + 42.6i
0.291 0.482i

0.272 + 0.493i
3

1.683 10

0.022i

0.291 0.482i

0.019 0.011i

22.555 + 110.79i

0.971 0.561i

0.971 0.561i

11.12 + 32.166i

0.971 0.561i

1.942 + 1.121i

Now try transposing the lines

0 0 1
Rp := 1 0 0

0 1 0
First, use the exact same scheme on both lines, so the Zb and Zc are kept simpler.
f1 :=

1
3

f2 :=

f3 :=

3
1

Zanet := f1 Za + f2 Rp

3
1

Za Rp + f3 Rp Za Rp

Zdnet := f1 Zd + f2 Rp

Zd Rp + f3 Rp Zd Rp

Zbnet := f1 Zb + f2 Rp
Zcnet := f1 Zc + f2 Rp

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i

Zanet = 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i

3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

Zb Rp + f3 Rp Zb Rp

Zc Rp + f3 Rp Zc Rp

0.272 + 0.493i

0.019 0.011i

3
0.022i
1.683 10

0.971 0.561i

1.942 + 1.121i

11.12 + 32.166i

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 12/14
Fall 2004

3.81183 + 14.18553i 3.81183 + 14.20822i 3.81183 + 14.20627i

Zbnet = 3.81183 + 14.20627i 3.81183 + 14.18553i 3.81183 + 14.20822i

3.81183 + 14.20822i 3.81183 + 14.20627i 3.81183 + 14.18553i

3.81183 + 14.18553i 3.81183 + 14.20627i 3.81183 + 14.20822i
Zcnet = 3.81183 + 14.20822i 3.81183 + 14.18553i 3.81183 + 14.20627i

3.81183 + 14.20627i 3.81183 + 14.20822i 3.81183 + 14.18553i

Za0121 := A1
Zc0121 := A1

Zanet A1

Zcnet A1

Zb0121 := A1
Zd0121 := A1

Zbnet A1

Zdnet A1

Build the matrix by stacking and augmenting submatrices

Z012left1 := stack( Za0121 , Zc0121)
Z012right1 := stack( Zb0121 , Zd0121 )
Z0121 := augment( Z012left1 , Z012right1 )
11.435 + 42.6i
0
0
0
0

22.555 + 110.79i

3
0
1.683 10
0
0.022i
0
0
11.12 + 32.166i

3
0
11.12 + 32.166i
0.022i
0
1.683 10
0
0

Z0121 =

11.435 + 42.6i
22.555 + 110.79i
0
0
0
0

3
0
0.022i
0
0
11.12 + 32.166i
0
1.683 10

3
0.022i
0
0
11.12 + 32.166i
1.683 10
0
0

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 13/14
Fall 2004

Notice what this has done to the cross-coupling terms. The positive and negative sequence coupling between the two
lines is very small relative to the zero sequence cross-coupling.
Consider transposing only one line
1

Za2 := Za

Zb2 := f1 Zb + f2 Zb Rp + f3 Zb Rp
1

Zd2 := f1 Zd + f2 Rp

Zd Rp + f3 Rp Zd Rp

Zc2 := f1 Zc + f2 Rp

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 27.3295i 3.81183 + 23.9652i

Za2 = 3.81183 + 27.3295i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 27.3295i

3.81183 + 23.9652i 3.81183 + 27.3295i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 13.87861i
Zb2 = 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.19273i

3.81183 + 14.52867i 3.81183 + 14.52867i 3.81183 + 14.52867i

3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.52867i
Zc2 = 3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.52867i

3.81183 + 13.87861i 3.81183 + 14.19273i 3.81183 + 14.52867i

14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i
Zd2 = 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i 3.81183 + 26.20807i

3.81183 + 26.20807i 3.81183 + 26.20807i 14.93183 + 58.37419i

Za0122 := A1
Zc0122 := A1

Za2 A1

Zc2 A1

Zb0122 := A1
Zd0122 := A1

Zb2 A1

Zd2 A1

Build the matrix by stacking and augmenting submatrices

Zc + f3 Rp Zc

EE525
Power Systems Protection

Session 5; 14/14
Fall 2004

Z012left2 := stack( Za0122 , Zc0122)

22.555 + 110.79i
0.971 0.561i

0.971 0.561i
Z0122 =
11.435 + 42.6i

0.971 0.561i

Z012right2 := stack( Zb0122 , Zd0122 )

Z0122 := augment( Z012left2 , Z012right2 )

0.971 0.561i

11.435 + 42.6i

11.12 + 32.166i 1.942 + 1.121i

0.291 0.482i

22.555 + 110.79i

0
0

1.942 + 1.121i

11.12 + 32.166i 0.291 0.482i

0.291 0.482i 0.291 0.482i

0

11.12 + 32.166i

11.12 + 32.166i