HISTOLOGY

Cardiovascular and Lymphatics

SPLEEN

White Pulp
O Combination of central arteriole, periarterial

lymphatic sheath, germinal center and

corona

How to Determine
O Blue stained

Central Arteriole

Description
Small branch of trabecular artery
Located within periarterial

lymphatic sheath (PALS)

Function:
Blood supply to white pulp

How to Determine
O Blood vessel located inside the white pulp

Histology of Blood vessel suggests that it

contains:
O Tunica intima, media and adventitia
O Has a hollow space inside

Periarterial Lymphatic Sheath

Description
O T lymphocytes surrounding the arteriole

Function:
O Recognize antigen, T lymphocytes migrate to
germinal center of white pulp to stimulate B
lymphocyte to differentiate and proliferate

How to Determine
O Immediate surrounding of central arteriole

Germinal Center of White Pulp

Description and Function

O Location for memory B lymphocyte and

plasma cell formation

How to Determine
O Lightly stained center of white pulp

Corona of White Pulp

Description and Function

O Composed of B lymphocyte and antigen

presenting cell

How to determine
O Covers germinal center

Red Pulp

Description and Function

O Red Matrix
O Composed of splenic cords and sinusoids,

highly vascular
Function:
O Reservoir for RBC and platelet
O Phagocytosis of bacteria, RBC, Plt, foreign
material

How to Determine
O Red stained

Comment:
O May marginal pa that separates white pulp
from red pulp, pero di ko ma distinguish
O Hindi clear si red stained, basta sagwa sang
white pulp is red pulp

LYMPH NODE

Cortex

Description and Function

O Densely stained cell rich area

Function:
O Lymphocyte activation
O Contains macrophages that trap and remove
particulate matter in the lymph node

How to Determine
O Outer zone of the lymph node
O Contains primary and secondary lymphatic

nodules

Medulla

Description and Function

O Composed of large winding medullary

sinuses surrounded by medullary cords

Function:
O Antibody production by plasma cells
O Site for lymphocyte migration from cortex

How to Determine
O Inner zone of lymph node
O Contains medullary sinus and medullary

cords

Primary Nodule

Description and Function

O Spherical aggregate of densely stained cells

in histological preparation

Function:
O Site of B lymphocyte localization

How to Determine
O Located in cortex
O densely stained in contrast with secondary

nodule where its center is lightly stained

Secondary Nodule

Description and Function

O Spherical aggregate of densely stained cells

in periphery
Function:
O Site for B lymphocyte proliferation and
plasma cell formation

How to determine
O Located in the cortex
O Lightly/pale stained center aka Germinal

Center of Secondary Nodule

HUMAN AORTA (Elastic Artery)

Tunica Externa

Description and Function

O Outermost layer
O Elastic and collagen fiber

Function:
O Helps anchor blood vessel to surrounding
structures

How to Determine
O Contains nutritive arteries (vasa vasorum)

Comment:
O According to Loi, basi sa inferior part of arch
of aorta ginkuha ang specimen that is why
daw balik-awot ang specimen, and seconded
by Josh

Tunica Media

Description and Function

O Middle Layer
O Circularly arranged smooth muscle cell and

connective tissue
Function:
O Vasoconstriction or vasodilation

How to Determine
O Really??????

Comment
O According to Cyrelle, gin-utod ang specimen
because too big and tunica media to be
placed in a slide, agree man ako, ba-isa si
cyrelle if ga-dis-agree kaw.

Elastic Lamella

Description and Function

O Composed of protein elastin

Function:
O Elastic properties of blood vessel esp.
medium and large arteries

How to Determine
O Wavy fenestrated sheets found in tunica

media and parts of intima

Tunica Intima
O Really?
O Gin-utod gani ang specimen, baw..
O Hahahaha

ARTERY AND VEIN

ARTERY
VEIN

Tunica Intima

Description and Function

O Innermost layer
O Composed of endothelium and its basement

membrane
Functions:
O Provides smooth inner lining
O Selective permeable to blood solute

Difference
O Nothing in particular

Tunica Media

Description
O Refer to aorta

Difference
O Tunica Media in arteries are thicker than in

veins, while Tunica Externa are thicker in

veins than in arteries
O Smaller venules have lacking tunica media

Tunica Externa/Adventitia

Description
O Refer to aorta

Difference
O Refer to Tunica media

Comment:
O Kun high power pa gid tani ang view, mas
madistinguish pa gid ang layers mung, haha,

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Cardiac Muscle Fiber

Description
O Short branched muscle fiber
O Striated, involuntary
O Contains one or two centrally placed nuclei

Function:
O Involuntary contraction of myocardium

How to Determine
O Please refer to De Fiore

Intercalated Disc

Description
O Interdigitating folds of cell membrane that

are sites of adhering (mechanical) junction

or gap (electrical) junction

Function:
O Mechanical and electrical connection
between adjacent myocardium

How to Determine
O Visible through high magnification
O Located between myocardium
O Attaches vertically to horizontally oriented

cardiac muscle fibers