Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts

Mathematics 54Elementary Analysis 2

Institute of Mathematics
University of the Philippines-Diliman

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Integration by Parts
Let u = f (x) and v = g(x) be differentiable functions. Consider the
Product Rule:
d
dv
du
[uv] = u + v
dx
dx
dx
d
du
dv
=
[uv] v
dx
dx
dx
Integrating on both sides:
Z
Z
Z
udv =
d(uv) vdu
Z
Z
udv = uv vdu
u

Integration by Parts (IBP)

Z
udv
Z b
udv
a

Z
= uv vdu
b Z b

vdu
= uv
a

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Choosing u and dv

Remarks.
The idea of IBP is to express a difficult integral in terms of an
easier one.
A wise choice for u is one that is simpler when differentiated,
and for dv is one that is readily integrated.

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

R
udv = uv vdu

Example 1. Find
Z

xex dx.

To apply integration by parts, we have four possible choices for u

and dv:
u = x,

dv = ex dx

u = 1,

dv = xex dx

u = ex ,

dv = xdx

dv = dx

u = xe ,

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

xex dx

Choice 1:
u =x
du = dx

dv
v

= ex dx
= ex + K

xex dx

We can set K = 0.

x(ex + K )
| {z }
uv

= xex + Kx

(ex + K )dx
| {z }
vdu

ex dx

Kdx

= xex + Kx ex Kx + C
= xex ex + C

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

R
Other choices of u and dv for xex dx

Choice 2: u = 1,

dv = xex dx

(difficult to integrate)

Choice 3:

u = ex
dv = xdx
2
x
du = e dx
v = x2
2 Z 2
Z
x
x x
x

ex dx (complicated)
xe dx = e
2
2

Choice 4:

u = xex
dv = dx
du = (ex + xex )dx
v = x.
Z
Z
xex dx = x2 ex x(ex + xex )dx (complicated)

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

R
udv = uv vdu

Example 2. Find
Z

x
Let

p
3
= x + 1dx
3
= 4 (x + 1)4/3
Z
3
3
= x(x + 1)4/3
(x + 1)4/3 dx
4
4
3
9
= x(x + 1)4/3 (x + 1)7/3 + C
4
28

u =x
du = dx
Z

p
3
x + 1dx

p
3
x + 1dx.

dv
v

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

R
udv = uv vdu
Example 3. Find
1
2

sin1 x dx.

Let

u = sin1 x
du = p 1 2 dx

dv
v

1x

1
2

Z
0

sin1 x dx

1 Z
2
= x sin1 x

= dx
= x.

1
2

x
dx
p
0
0
1 x2
1 p
1
2
2
= x sin1 x + 1 x2
0
0
i
1

hq

1
1 14 1
= 2 sin1 2 0 sin1 0 +
p

= 12 6 0 + 23 1 = 12
+ 23 1
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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

More Examples
Example 4. Find
Z

Let

x tan1 xdx.

u = tan1 x
1
du = 1+x
2 dx
Z

x tan1 xdx

x2
2

tan1 x

dv
v
Z

= xdx
2
= x2 .

x2
dx
2(x2 + 1)

x2 + 1 1
dx
2(x2 + 1)
Z

Z
1
1
2
= x2 tan1 x
dx
dx
2
2(x2 + 1)

2
1
= x2 tan1 x 12 x tan2 x + C
=

x2
2

tan1 x

= 12 (x2 + 1) tan1 x 12 x + C

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

More Examples

Example 5. Evaluate
Z

ex sin x dx.

Let
u = sin x
du = cos xdx
Z

ex sin x dx

= ex sin x

dv
v
R

= ex dx
= ex .

ex cos x dx

Let
u = cos x,
dv
du = sin xdx,
v

(IBP)

= ex dx
= ex .

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

ex sin x dx = ex sin x

ex cos x dx

u = cos x,
dv
v
du = sin xdx,

ex sin x dx

= ex dx
= ex .

R x
x) dx
= ex sin x e|x cos
{z x} e| ( sin
{z
}
vu

e sin x dx

R
ex sin x dx

= e sin x e cos x
=

vdu

e sin x dx

1 x
e sin x ex cos x + C
2

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Techniques of IntegrationIntegration by Parts Exercises

Exercises

Evaluate the following integrals.

Z

xe

2x

dx

Z
2

x ln x dx

(ln x)2 dx

(ln x)2
dx
x

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