Engineering Mathematics Material

2012

SUBJECT NAME

: Statistics

MATERIAL NAME

: Formula & Problems

MATERIAL CODE

: JM08AM1003

Name of the Student:

Branch:

UNIT I (Testing of Hypothesis)

1. Write the application of F - test and

test and t test.

Application of
test
i)
To test the goodness of fit.
ii)
To test the independence of attributes.
iii)
To test the significance of discrepancy between experimental values and the
theoretical values.
Application of F test
i)
To test whether there is any significant difference between two estimates of
population variance.
ii)
To test if the two samples have come from the same population.

Application of t test
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

Test of Hypothesis about the population mean.

Test of Hypothesis about the difference between two means.
Test of Hypothesis about the difference between two means with dependent
samples.
Test of Hypothesis about the observed sample correlation coefficient and sample
regression coefficient.

2. Define Type I and Type II errors and critical region.

Type I Error
The hypothesis is true but our test rejects it.
Type II Error
The hypothesis is false but our test accepts it.
Critical region
A region in the sample space which amounts to rejection of H0 is termed as
critical region or rejection.

Engineering Mathematics Material

2012

3. Define F variate.

Greater Variance
Smaller Variance
2
x x

2
and
S1
S22
n1 1
and S 1 and S 2 are S.D.
F

y y

n2 1

Here S12 and S 22 are Variance

4. Write down any two properties of chi Square distribution.

i)
The mean and variance of the chi Square distribution are n and 2n respectively.
ii)
As n , Chi Square distribution approaches a normal distribution.
iii)
The sum of independent Chi Square variates is also a Chi Square variate.
5. What are the assumptions for Students t test?
i)
The parent population from which the sample drawn is normal.
ii)
The sample observations are independent.
iii)
The population standard deviation is unknown.

UNIT I (Testing of Hypothesis)

There are two types of samples in Testing of Hypothesis
i)

Small Sample (n <30)

ii)

Large Sample (n >30)

Small Sample: (n <30)

Type 1

Students t test
Single Mean (S.D given directly)
Single Mean (S.D is not given directly)
Difference of Means

Type 2
Type 3

F test
test
Goodness of fit

Engineering Mathematics Material

2012

Independence of attributes

Large Sample: (n >30)

Type 1

Single Mean

Type 2

Single Proportion

Type 3

Difference of Mean

Type 4

Difference of Proportion

Small Sample: (n <30)

Students t test:
Single Mean (S.D given directly)

Sample Mean
Population
n Sample size
S.D Standard deviation
Degree of freedom = n 1
Single Mean (S.D is not given directly)
Where

Where

Degree of freedom = n 1

Difference of Means

Where

Engineering Mathematics Material

2012
)

[(

) ]

(or)

n1 s12 n2 s22
n1 n2 2
Degrees of freedom n1 n2 2
Where s 2

F - test:
F
2
1

x x

Greater Variance
Smaller Variance

2
2
2

y y

and
Here S12 and S 22 are Variance and
S
n1 1
n2 1
S 1 and S 2 are S.D. (Capital S mention Population S.D and Small s mention Sample S.D)

Chi Square test :

Goodness of fit:

O E

Where O Observed frequency

E Expected frequency,
Independence of attributes:
a

a+b

c+d

Degree of freedom n 1

a+c b+d

The expected frequencies are given by

(

)(

) (

)(

) a+b

)(

)(

a+c

b+d

Degree of freedom r 1 s 1
Where r number of rows

c+d
N

Engineering Mathematics Material

2012

S number of columns

Large Sample: (n >30)

Single Mean

(or)

Difference of Mean

x1 x2

12
n1

22
n2

x
s
n

(or)

x1 x2
s12 s22

n1 n2

Single Proportion
z

p P
where p Sample proportion, P Population proportion, Q = 1 P
PQ
n

Difference of Proportion
n p n2 p2
p1 p2
z
where p 1 1
and q 1 p
n1 n2
1 1
pq
n1 n2