API RP 2A 21st 2007

ComparisonsonAPI
Comparisons
on API
RP2A WSD21st edition
2000Publicationvs.2007Publication
StrengthofTubularJoints
And
Fatigue
g
Prepared for Shell reference only. All right reserved. No part of this document may be
reproduced in any form without prior written permission of Engineering Dynamics, Inc.
10/27/2009
EngineeringDynamics,Inc
Overview
Theold(wewillcallitAPI2000):
API RP 2A WSD21
APIRP2A
WSD 21st edition2000
diti 2000
Publication
Andthelatest(wewillcallitAPI2007):
API RP 2A WSD21
APIRP2A
WSD 21st edition2007
diti 2007
Publication(API2007)
Recommended Practice for

Planning Designing and
Planning,
Constructing Fixed Offshore
Platforms Working Stress Design
Recommended Practice for Planning,

Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore
Platforms Working Stress Design
Upstream Segment
Upstream Segment
API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2A-WSD
(RP 2A-WSD)
TWENTY-FIRST EDITION, DECEMEBER 2000
10/27/2009
API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2A-WSD (RP 2AWSD)

TWENTY-FIRST EDITION, DECEMEBER 2000
ERRATA AND SUPPLEMENT 1, DECEMBER 2002
ERRATA AND SUPPLEMENT 2, SEMPTEMBER 2005
ERRATA AND SUPPLEMENT 3, AUGUST 2007
Conclusions
1. Thelatest.ThenewAPIRP2A WSD21st editionwithErrataand
Supplement 1, 2 an 3 has made wide ranging changes on tubular
Supplement1,2an3hasmadewiderangingchangesontubular
connections,fatigueandfoundationsoverthe2000publication.Thenew
codeshouldbeusediftheAPIRP2A WSD21st editionisselectedasdesign
code.
2. Onestopsolution,nointerfacehandling.Basedon35+years
experienceinsupplyingoffshorestructuresoftwaresystem,EDIisthe
leadingsoftwarecompanywithintegratedgraphicsmodeling,pre
processing,solvingandgraphicspostprocessingcapabilities.
3. Demandthebest.Fullyimplementedinpostprocessor,jointcanand
fatigueprogramsinSACS5.3release,thenewAPIRP2A WSD21st edition
withErrataandSupplement1,2and3isnowanessentialpartinthemost
comprehensiveoffshorepackageintheworld.
10/27/2009
g
CodeContents
API2000
API2007
4 Connections
4.1 Connections of Tension and Compression
Members
4.2 Restraint and Shrinkage
4 3 Tubular Joints
4.3
4 Strength of Tubular Joints

4.1 Application
4.2 Design Considerations
4.3 Simple Joints
4 4 Overlapping Joints
4.4
4.5 Grouted Joints
4.6 Internally Ring-stiffened Joints
4.7 Cast Joints
4 8 Oth
4.8
Other Ci
Circular
l JJoint
i tT
Types
4.9 Damaged Joints
4.10 Non-circular Joints
10/27/2009
Background
Fact:
Last major update to joint strength provisions
Lastmajorupdatetojointstrengthprovisions
was14th edition.Theguidanceessentially
remained unchanged for all editions up to
remainedunchangedforalleditionsupto
21st.
10/27/2009
Background
Fact:
Muchfurtherknowledge,includingbothexperimental
data and numerical studies has been gained on the
dataandnumericalstudies,hasbeengainedonthe
behaviorofjointssince14th editionissued.Overthe
period1994to1996MSLengineering,underthe
auspicesofajointindustryproject,undertookan
updatetothetubularjointdatabaseandguidance.This
work had more recent studies, notably by API/EWI and
workhadmorerecentstudies,notablybyAPI/EWIand
theUniversityofIllinois,haveformedthebasisofthe
tubularjointstrengthprovisionsofISO.
10/27/2009
Background
Fact:
TheISOdraftingcommitteetook,asastarting
pointfordrafting,therelevantprovisionsfrom
APIRP2ALRFD1st edition(similartoAPIRP2A
WSD 20th edition)becauseISOisinLRFDformat.
WSD20
di i ) b
ISO i i LRFD f
Forthepurposeofthesupplementtothe21st
edition of API RP 2A the draft ISO provisions in
editionofAPIRP2A,thedraftISOprovisions,in
turn,havebeenusedasastartingbasis.
10/27/2009
MajorUpdate
SafetyFactorRecalibrated
API 2000
API2000
API 2007
API2007
SF=1.7CorrespondedtoanLRFD
resistance factor of 0 95
resistancefactorof0.95.
SF=1.6CorrespondedtoanLRFD
resistance factor of 1 0
resistancefactorof1.0
10/27/2009
MajorUpdate
Th 2/3 li it
The2/3limitsontensilestrengthrelaxed
t il t
th l d
API2000
API2007
Section4.1
y
g
Fyc
yc theyieldstrengthofthechord
memberatthejoint(or2/3ofthe
tensilestrengthifless)
Section4.2.1
Thevalueofyieldstressforthechord,
y
,
inthecalculationofjointcapacity,
shouldbelimitedto0.8timesthe
tensilestrengthofthechord for
materials with a yield stress of 72 ksi
materialswithayieldstressof72ksi
(500MPa)orless.
10/27/2009
MajorUpdate
Additionalguidanceondetailingpractice
API 2000
API2000
10/27/2009
10
MajorUpdate
Additionalguidanceondetailingpractice continued
API2007
10/27/2009
11
MajorUpdate
Punching shear approach removed
Punchingshearapproachremoved
API2000
API2007
Theadequacyofthejointmaybe
h d
f h
b
determinedonthebasisof(a)
punchingshearor(b)nominalloadsin
thebrace.
Thejointinteractionratio,IR,foraxial
h
f
l
loadsand/orbendingmomentsinthe
braceshouldbecalculatedusingthe
g p
,
followingexpression,
10/27/2009
12
MajorUpdate
NewStrengthfactorQu formulations
API2000
API2007
10/27/2009
13
MajorUpdate
NewchordloadfactorQf formulations
API2000
10/27/2009
API2007
14
MajorUpdate
StrengthforaxiallyloadedYandXjointswithshortcanlengthsreduced
API2000
API2007
N/A
Forsimple,axiallyloadedYandXjointswherea
thi k d j i t
thickenedjointcanisspecified,thejoint
i
ifi d th j i t
allowablecapacitymaybecalculatedasfollows,
10/27/2009
15
MajorUpdate
ImplementationintoSACSjointcanprogram
API 2000
API2000
API 2007
API2007
Fullyimplemented
Fullyimplemented
10/27/2009
16
Example
SimpleTjoint:
p
j
Brace34:16x0.375 5.0ft
Chord13&32:24x0.375 8.25ft
1.75ft
Can:24x0.625
AllFy =36ksi
Loadatbracejoint4:
Fx=10.0kip
p
Fy=7.5kip
Fz=50.0kip
Loadatconnectingjoint3:
Fx=400.0kip
Fy=50.0kip
MemberLengthshowninft
10/27/2009
17
g
ExampleResultsCompared
API2000 Punchingshearjointcheckwithfinalunitycheckratio=0.98
* * J O I N T
C A N
D E T A I L
(JOINT ORDER)
COMMON CHORD BRACE ****** CHORD ***** JOINT GAP *** BRACE **
JOINT JOINT JOINT O.D.
WT
FY TYPE
O.D.
WT
(IN)
(
) (
(IN)
) (
(KSI)
)
(
(IN)
) (
(IN)
) (
(IN)
)
3
24.00 0.625
36.0
16.00 0.375
R E P O R T * *
CHORD
*
ACTING STRESSES
* ***
PUNCHING SHEAR
BRACE LOAD *CHORD**
BRACE
*
ALLOWABLE STRESSES
ANGLE CASE SRSS
FA
OPB
IPB
FA
OPB
IPB
(
(DEG)
)
(
(KSI)
) (
(KSI)
) (
(KSI)
) (
(KSI)
) (
(KSI)
) (
(KSI)
) (
(KSI)
)
***
UNITY
CHECK
90.00
0.981
11.68
-1.63
3.84
5.12
3.64
6.62
11.03
API 2007 Braceloadsinteractioncheckwithfinalunitycheckratio=1.25

API2007
Brace loads interaction check with final unity check ratio = 1 25
* * J O I N T
C A N
D E T A I L
(JOINT ORDER)
EFFT.
CHORD
COMM CHRD BRCE ****** CHORD **** CHORD JNT GAP *** BRACE **
JNT JNT JNT O.D.
O D
WT
FY LNGTH TYP
O
O.D.
D
WT
(IN) (IN) (KSI) (FT)
(IN) (IN) (IN)
3
24.00 0.625
36.0
3.5
16.00 0.375
R E P O R T * *
*
ACTING STRESSES
* ***
PUNCHING SHEAR
BRACE LOAD *CHORD**
BRACE
*
ALLOWABLE STRESSES
ANGLE CASE STRESS
FA
OPB
IPB
FA
OPB
IPB
(DEG)
(KSI) (KSI) (KSI) (KSI) (KSI) (KSI) (KSI)
***
UNITY
CHECK
90.00
1.251
1 -15.13
-2.72
6.40
8.54
6.61
9.67
20.27
JointCanLength
10/27/2009
18
Fatigue
CodeContents
API2000
API2007
5F
Fatigue
i
5.1 Fatigue Design
5.2 Fatigue Analysis
5.3 S-N curves for all members and
connections, except tubular connections
5.4 S-N curves for tubular connections
5.5 Stress concentration factors
5F
Fatigue
i
5.1 Fatigue Design
5.2 Fatigue Analysis
5.3 Stress concentration factors
5.4 S-N curves for all members and
connections, except tubular connections
5.5 S-N curves for tubular connections
5.6 Fracture mechanics
10/27/2009
19
Fatigue
Background
Fact:
ThenewAPISNcurvesfortubularconnectionsarederivedonthebasisof
Th
API S N
f t b l
ti
d i d
th b i f
theproposedISOhotspotdesignapproach.ThenewAPIWJcurvesare
bilinear,withslopeexponentsofm=3andm=5,andnoendurancelimit.
10/27/2009
20
Fatigue
Background
Fact:
ThemainconclusionfromtheEWIstudywasthattheEfthymiouequations
Th
i
l i f
th EWI t d
th t th Efth i
ti
andtheLloydsdesignequationshaveconsiderableadvantagesin
consistencyandcoverageincomparisonwithotheravailableequations.
Use of Efthymiou SCF equations is recommended because this set of
UseofEfthymiouSCFequationsisrecommendedbecausethissetof
equationsisconsideredtoofferthebestoptionforalljointtypesandload
types.
10/27/2009
21
Fatigue
g
MajorUpdate
j
p
SNcurvesfortubularconnectionschanged
API2007
API 2000
API2000
10/27/2009
22
Fatigue MajorUpdate
S N curves for tubular connections changed - continued
S-N
ti
d
API2000
API2007
BasicCurves:
Profile control 11.1.3d:Xcurve
Profilecontrol
11 1 3d: X curve
NonprofiledJoints Xcurve
EnduranceLimit:Yes
BasicCurves:
Profiling 11.1.3d:WJ1curve
BurrGrinding WJ2curve
HammerPeening WJ3curve
Nonprofiled
Non
profiledJoints
Joints WJcurve
WJ curve
CastJoints CJcurve
EnduranceLimit:No
API S-N
S N Curves
C
API X
X'
API WJT in Water
API X
API WJT in Air
Stres
ss s (ksi)
100
10
1
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
10,000,000
100,000,000 1,000,000,000
Cycles
10/27/2009
23
Fatigue
g
MajorUpdate
j
p
Thicknesseffectcorrectionsarenowdependentonweldimprovementtechniques
API 2000
API2000
10/27/2009
API 2007
API2007
24
Fatigue
g
MajorUpdate
j
p
RecommendedSCFformulationsinunstiffenedtubularjointschanged
API 2000
API2000
API 2007
API2007
Nospecificrequirement.C5.4listed Forunstiffenedweldedtubularjoints,
empiricalformulastoestimatehot SCFsshouldbeevaluatedusingthe
spotSCF:
Efthymiou equations.
1) TheKuang formulas;
2) SCFformulasbasedonthe
K ll
Kelloggformula;
f
l
3) SCFformulasdevelopedby
LloydsRegister;
4) Othermorerecentworksby
Other more recent works by
Gibstein,Buitrago andTebbett.
10/27/2009
25
Fatigue MajorUpdate
ImplementationintoSACSfatigueprogram
API 2000
API2000
API 2007
API2007
Fullyimplemented
Fullyimplemented
10/27/2009
26
Fatigue
g
Example
p
Twobayframewith10mx10m
Two
bay frame with 10m x 10m
foreachbay.
Twobasicloadcases:
Loadcase1:
Fx =60.0kN atjoint3,4,5and6
Loadcase2:
Fx =60.0
60.0kN
kN atjoint3,4,5and6
at joint 3, 4, 5 and 6
10/27/2009
D
Diameterbythic
cknessincmsho
own
Exampleframe:
27
Fatigue
g
Example
p
API2000
API2007
Fatigue parameters
Fatigueparameters
Fatigue parameters
Fatigueparameters
Designfatiguelife=20yrs
Period for cycle data 20 yrs
Periodforcycledata=20yrs
Lifesafetyfactor=1.0
Sameaslefthandside
Numberofoccurrences=250000
D
Dynamicamplificationfactor=1.5
i
lifi ti f t
15
Stressrangedeterminedbymax/min
searchonloadcases.
SNcurve:APIXcurvewith
thicknesscorrection.
10/27/2009
SNcurve:APIstandardWJcurve
withthicknesscorrection.
28
Fatigue
g
Example
p
ResultsCompared
API2000fatigueResultsforjoint3and4
*
JOINT
M E M B E R F A T I G U E
(DAMAGE ORDER)
MEMBER GRUP TYPE

ID
ID
ORIGINAL
OD
WT
(CM)
(CM)
R E P O R T
JNT MEM
TYP TYP
API2007fatigueResultsforjoint3and4
*
FATIGUE RESULTS
DAMAGE LOC SVC LIFE
JOINT
M E M B E R
MEMBER GRUP TYPE

ID
ID
F A T I G U E R E P O R T
(DAMAGE ORDER)
ORIGINAL
OD
WT
(CM)
(CM)
JNT MEM
TYP TYP
FATIGUE RESULTS
DAMAGE LOC SVC LIFE
3-
2 D01
TUB
36.00
1.250 TK
BRC
2.495754
8.013609
3-
2 D01
TUB
36.00
1.250 TK
BRC
.4588493
43.58730
1-
3 COL
TUB
60.00
3.000 TK
CHD
2.198595
9.096718
1-
3 COL
TUB
60.00
3.000 TK
CHD
.6680558
29.93762
3-
6 D01
TUB
36.00
1.250 TK
BRC
.6093029
32.82439
3-
6 D01
TUB
36.00
1.250 TK
BRC
.1480694
135.0718
33
5 COL
TUB
60
60.00
00
3
3.000
000 TK
CHD
.3792182
3792182
52
52.74008
74008
33
5 COL
TUB
60
60.00
00
3
3.000
000 TK
CHD
.1631456
1631456
122
122.5899
5899
3-
4 H01
TUB
48.00
1.750 TK
BRC
.2284094
87.56207
3-
4 H01
TUB
48.00
1.750 TK
BRC
.0673998
296.7369
1-
3 COL
TUB
60.00
3.000 TK
CHD
.2344230
85.31586
1-
3 COL
TUB
60.00
3.000 TK
CHD
.1031036
193.9796
3-
4 H01
TUB
48.00
1.750 T
BRC
.1258805
158.8809
3-
4 H01
TUB
48.00
1.750 T
BRC
.0417927
478.5526
2-
4 COL
TUB
60.00
3.000 T
CHD
.2057996
97.18193
2-
4 COL
TUB
60.00
3.000 T
CHD
.0928771
215.3383
10/27/2009
29
Thisistheendofthisreport.
p
10/27/2009
30

API RP 2A 21st 2007

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ComparisonsonAPI

Recommended Practice for

Recommended Practice for Planning,

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2A-WSD (RP 2AWSD)

4 Strength of Tubular Joints

API 2007 Braceloadsinteractioncheckwithfinalunitycheckratio=1.25

MEMBER GRUP TYPE

MEMBER GRUP TYPE

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