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Gerunds
Infinitive
s
ALLOW
LOVE
BEGIN
PERMIT
CEASE
PREFER
CONTINUE
RECOMMEND
HATE
INTEND
START
admit
advise
anticipate
appreciate
avoid
complete
consider
defer
delay
deny
discuss
entail
* look after
* insist on
involve
justify
mention
* plan on
postpone
recall
resent
recommend
resist
risk
sanction
suggest
* take care
of
tolerate
agree
appear
arrange
beg
care
claim
consent
decide
demand
deserve
expect
fail
hesitate
hope
learn
manage
neglect
need
offer
plan
prepare
pretend
promise
refuse
seem
struggle
swear
threaten
volunteer
wait
want
wish
verb
object
(not) to + infinitive
Marco's mother
ordered
him
to get into
the car.
Elena
told
the children
not to touch
the glasses.
command
convince
enable
encourage
expect
force
hire
instruct
invite
need
order
permit
persuade
prepare
promise
remind
require
tell
threaten
urge
want
warn
wish
would like
beg
cause
challenge
convince
encourage
expect
forbid
force
hire
instruct
invite
need
order
persuade
remind
require
teach
tell
urge
want
warn
disappointed
glad
pleased
sad
surprised
happy
proud
anxious
unhappy
unable
likely
unwilling
due
unlikely
willing
eager
ready
keen
prepared
difficult
hard
nice
easy
right
clever
possible
wrong
silly
impossible
kind
foolish
Its easy to play the piano, but its very difficult to play well.
He spoke so quickly it was impossible to understand him.
We use the preposition for to show who these adjectives refer to:
difficult
impossible
easy
hard
possible
ability
wish
opportunity
desire
attempt
chance
need
failure
intention
1.
2.
3.
But, like verbs, a gerund can also have an object itself. In this case,
the whole expression (gerund + object) can be the subject, object or
complement of the sentence.
pointless questioning
a settling of debts
The use of the gerund as subject is more common than that of the
to-infinitive.
Examples:
Examples:
Infinitive
After an adjective
to use.
afford
agree
appear
arrange
beg
choose
decide
expect
fail
Gerund
As the subject of a clause
health.
After a preposition
going out.
Verbs followed by Gerund
admit
advise
allow
avoid
can't help
can't stand
help
hesitate
hope
learn
manage
mean
offer
plan
prepare
pretend
promise
refuse
want
wish
would like
would love
would prefer
mind
miss
permit
practise
suggest
waste time/
money
accuse of
agree with
apologize for
ask about
believe in
be used to
blame for
care for
carry on
complain
about
concentrate
on
depend on
dream
about/of
feel like
forgive for
give up
insist on
keep on
look forward
to
object to
think of
succeed in
use for
attemp
t
begin
bother
cannot
bear
cease
continu
e
hate
intend
love
prefer
start
Advise
allow /
permit
Forbid
Gerund meaning
go
on
reg
ret
Go on to read.
try
sto
p
Terminate
I stopped to smoke.
I stopped smoking.
do something complicated
Infinitive meaning
Gerund without an
object
I advise going by bus.
Wo
rds
forg
et /
rem
em
ber
Infinitive - with an
object
I advise you to go by
bus.
He allowed her to take
the car.
She forbids us to
smoke.
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