FSC AUSTRALIA / NEW ZEALAND 2015

EXPERIMENT 5:
ACID-BASE TITRATION
Group members :
1.

Mohd Afiq Muzhafar Bin Kemis @ Yahyah

KNFA15106

2.

Nooreizzrul Ifzat Bin Noorul Nazir

KNFA15100

3.

Nur Aishah Binti Sanusi

KNFA15025

4.

Ili Najihah Binti Mamat Khalid

KNFA15028

Lecturer :
En. Mohd Shahir bin Mohamed Sunar

Date :
17/06/2015

Objective

Introduction

1.
2.
3.
4.

To prepare a standard solution of oxalic acid

To standardise a NaOH solution
To determine the concentration of HCl solution
To acquire the correct techniques of titration

Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of a solution

using another solution with a known concentration.

Standards in acid-base titration

One of the solution involved in a titration is used a standard solution. The
standard solution can be classified as either primary or secondary. A
primary standard solution is prepared by dissolving an accurately
weighed pure solid of a known molar mass in a known value of distilled
water.
A primary standard is used to determine the molarity of the other standard
solution, known as secondary standard. For example, oxalic acid,
H 2 C 2 O2 , aand potassium hydrogen phthalate, KH C8 H 4 O4 , are two
common primary standards used to determine the concentration of bases
(secondary standard).
Solutions of NaOH and HCl used in titrations need to be standardised
because they contain impurities, Solid NaOh is hygroscopic (it absorbs
moisture). Thus, it is difficult to obtain its accurate mass. The standardised
base can then be used to determine the concentration of other acids.
Equivalence point and end point
An equivalence point is at which exact reaction occurs between the two
reagents according to the stoichiometry. To detect this equivalence point, an
indicator which produces a change in colour is often used. The point at
which the indicator changes colour is called the end point. The end point
and equivalence point should ideally be the same.

Chemical equations
In this acid-base titration, the neutralisation reaction involved are:
H 2 C 2 O 4 ( aq ) +2 NaOH ( aq ) Na 2 C 2 O4 ( aq ) +2 H 2 O(l)
HCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) NaCl ( aq ) + H 2 O ( l )

Apparatus
Burette
Glass rod
White tiles
Retorrt stand
Filter finnel
Beaker (50mL)
Pipetee (25mL)
Weighing bottle
Analytical balance
Conical flas (250mL)
Volumetric flask (250mL)
Measuring cylinder (50mL)

. . . (1)
. . . (2)

Chemical reagents
x M HCl
y M NaoH
Distilled water
Phenolphthalein
Hydrated oxalic acid,

H 2 C 2 O 4 .2 H 2 O

Procedure
(A) Preparation of standard solution
1. Weight the exact mass , 3.25 g of hydrated oxalic acid,
H 2 C 2 O 4 .2 H 2 O and record.
2. Place the acid in a 50 mL beaker. Add approximately 30 mL of distilled
water to dissolve the solid .
3. Transfer the solution into a 250 mL volumetric flask. Rinse the beaker
and pour the content into the flask. Add disilled water up to graduated
mark of the volumetric flask.
4. Replace the stopper and shake the flask to obtain homogenous solution.
5. Calculate the concentration of the oxalic acid solution.

(B) Standardisaton of NaOH solution

1. Rinse a clean burette with a given NaOH solution to be standardised.
2. Fill the burette with the NaOH solution. Ensure there are no air bubbles
tapped at the tip.
3. Record the initial burette reading to two decimal places.
4. Pipette 25 mL of oxalic acid solution from Part (A) into a 250 mL conical
flask. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein to the oxalic acid solution.
5. Place a white tile underneath the flask so that any colour change can be
clearly observed.
6. Titrate the acid with NaOH solution from the burette. During the titration
swirl the flask continuously.
7. Upon reaching the endpoint, a temporary pink solution appears ut fades
when the solution is swirled. Continue titrating until a pale pink colour
persists for more than 30 seconds. This is the endpoint.
8. Record the final reading to two decimal places.
9. Repeat the titration three times.
10. Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution.
(C) Determination of the molar concentration of HCL solution
1.
2.
3.
4.

Results

Pipette 25 mL of a given HCL solution into a 250 mL conical flask

Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein.
Repeat Steps 5-9 as in Part (B)
Calculate the concentration of HCl.

(A) Preparation of standard solution

i.
ii.
iii.

Exact mass of hydrated oxalic acid

Moles of hydrated oxalic acid
Molarity of oxalic acid

= 3.2516 g
= 0.0258 mol
= 0.1032 M

(B) Standardisation of NaOH solution

Burette
reading/m
L
Final
reading
Initial
reading
Volume of
NaOH
used

Gross

II

III

27.2

27.1

27.1

27.2

50.0

49.9

50.0

50.0

22.8

22.8

22.8

22.9

Average volume of NaOH used= 22.8 mL

Molarity of NaOH solution

= 0.225 M

(C) Determination of the molar concentration of HCl solution

Burette
reading/m
L
Final
reading
Initial
reading
Volume of
HCl used

Gross

II

III

28.4

28.5

28.5

28.5

50.0

50.0

49.8

49.8

21.6

21.5

21.3

21.3

Average volume of HCl used=21.3mL

Molarity of HCl solution= 0.528 M

Conclusion :

To obtain the molarity of a solution, a standard solution must be prepared first, and then
through the titration method, the volume of the solution used to neutralise the standard
solution can be used to determine the molarity of the solution.