PEMODEL AN &

SIMUL ASI

1. POKOK BAHASAN
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Pendahuluan: Pemodelan dan Simulasi

Model Matematika Sistem dan Sinyal
Pemodelan analitik sistem fisik
Pemodelan Sistem Dengan Matlab/Simulink
Pemodelan Sistem Dengan Matlab/Simulink : kasus
Simulasi model sistem fisik
Validasi Model & Simulasi
Ujian Tengah Semester
Eksplorasi Data Untuk Pemodelan
Teknik Reduksi Data
Metode Estimasi Parameter Model
Metode Least Error Square
Identifikasi sistem
Identifikasi model menggunakan Matlab/Simulink
Penurunan Model Berdasarkan Data : kasus
Ujian Akhir Semester

2. KOMPONEN PENILAIAN
Tugas 30 %
Kuis

10 %

Ujian Tengah Semester 30%

Ujian Akhir Semester 30%

3. REFERENSI
1.

John A. Sokolowski, MODELING AND SIMULATION FUNDAMENTALS : Theoretical

Underpinnings and Practical Domains, John Wiley & Sons

2.

L. Ljung, Modelling Of Dynamic System, Prentice Hall

3.

William J. Palm III, Dynamic Of System, McGraw-Hil

4.

Harold Klee, Randal Allen, Simulation of Dynamic Systems with MATLAB and Simulink, CRC
Press

5.

Seppo Pohjolainen, Mathematical Modelling, Springer

6.

Arun K. Tangirala, PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION Theory and Practice, CRC

Press

PENDAHULUAN:
PEMODEL AN DAN
SIMUL ASI
KULIAH KE-1

1. KEBUTUHAN TERHADAP
PEMODELAN & SIMULASI
To study a system
Ways to study a system:
1) the actual system versus a model of the system

2) a physical versus mathematical representation

3) analytic solution versus simulation solution (which exercises the simulation for
inputs to observe how they affect the output measures of performance)

In the study of systems, the modeler focuses on three primary concerns:

(1) the quantitative analysis of the systems; (2) the techniques for system
design, control, or use; and (3) the measurement or evaluation of the system
performance. [1]

 Definition of Engineering

Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and

natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to
develop ways to utilize economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of
mankind (ABET definition - Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology)
Electrical engineering

The design and study of various electrical and electronic systems, such as electrical
circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/ electromechanical devices, electronic
devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems,
telecommunications, instrumentation, controls, and electronics.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering)

Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to

meet desired needs. It is a decision-making process (often iterative), in which the
basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert
resources optimally to meet a stated objective. (ABET Definition)

CONTOH
Modelling

(energy.gov)

System Development

2. DEFINISI MODEL

Model??

Model : A small object, usually built to scale, that represents in detail another, often larger object.
(http://www.thefreedictionary.com)
Model : A thing used as an example to follow or imitate, (www.oxforddictionaries.com)

Beberapa Definisi Model

Model : a miniature representation of something; a pattern of something to be made; an example for imitation
or emulation; a description or analogy used to help visualize something (e.g., an atom) that cannot be directly
observed; a system of postulates, data and inferences presented as a mathematical description of an entity or
state of affairs
(Clive L Dym, Principles of Mathematical Modelling, Elsevier 2004)
Any object having the following three main distinctive features is viewed as a model:
1) Mapping: mappings from, representations of natural or artificial originals, that can be models themselves.
2) Reduction: Models in general capture not all attributes of the original represented by them, but rather
only those seeming relevant to their model creators and/ or model users.
3) Pragmatism: Models are not uniquely assigned to their originals per se. They fulfill their replacement
function a) for particular cognitive and/ or acting, model using subjects, b) within particular time
intervals and c) restricted to particular mental or actual operations.
(Herbert StachowiakGeneral Model Theory(in german (DE), Springer 1973)
Lennart Ljung (Modeling Of Dynamic System,1994)
Model is a tool we use to answer questions about the system without having to do an experiment.

 Model
to be a representation of something
to be a simplification
to be pragmatic

Three Blind Men and

an Elephant

3. BEBERAPA JENIS MODEL

Physical Model (Scale Model)
Physical model is a smaller or larger physical copy of an object.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_model)

Verbal Model
A verbal model is a model that allows for linguistic rather than numerical variables, and for
causal relationships between the variables to be formulated verbally rather than
mathematically.
Mathematical Model

MATHEMATICAL MODEL
A mathematical model is an abstract, simplified, mathematical construct related to a
part of reality and created for a particular purpose
A mathematical model is a triplet (S, Q, M) where S is a system,
Q is a question relating to S, and M is a set of mathematical
statements M = {1, 2, . . . , n} which can be used to answer Q.
Example : mean age of some group of people
S : group of people
Q : their mean age
M:
n

i 1 i

Mathematical Modelling & Scientific Method

Scientific modeling : generation of a physical, conceptual, or

mathematical representation of a real phenomenon that is
difficult to observe directly.
Scientific models are used to explain and predict the
Borkanand
AlGalaare used in a variety of
behaviour of real objects or Omar
systems
scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to
ecology and the Earth sciences.
Although modeling is a central component of modern science,
scientific models at best are approximations of the objects and
systems that they representthey are not exact replicas.Thus,
scientists constantly are working to improve and refine models.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387006/scientific-modeling

SCIENTIFIC MODELLING

Copernicus

Isaac Newton

Enrico Fermi

Galileo

4. PRINSIP PEMODELAN DAN MODEL

Principles of Modeling:
Principle of resemblance -- error tolerance
Principle of parsimony -- as simple as possible
Principle of objective -- use of information
(The best model)
The best model is the simplest model that still serves its purpose, that is, which
is still complex enough to help us understand a system and to solve problems.
(Start with simple models!)
To find the best model : start with the simplest possible model and then
generate a sequence of increasingly complex model formulations until the last
model in the sequence passes the validation step.
Mathematical Modeling & Simulation Kai Velten

4. DEFINISI SIMULASI
Definisi [1]:
1.

a method for implementing a model over time

2.

a technique for testing, analysis, or training in which real - world systems are used, or where real world and conceptual systems are reproduced by a model

3.

an unobtrusive scientific method of inquiry involving experiments with a model, rather than with
the portion of reality that the model represents

4.

a methodology for extracting information from a model by observing the behavior of the model as
it is executed

5.

a nontechnical term meaning not real, imitation

Keterkaitan M&S

Real Systems
(Realitas)
Model
Specification

Model
Validation

Analysis

Simulation

Simulation
Model

Programming

Model
Verification

Conceptual
Model

M&S CYCLE AND RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES [1]

(1) model phase = modeling technologies

(2) code phase = development technologies
(3) execute phase = computational technologies
(4) analyze phase = data/information technologies

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