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\pard\li3866\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3866\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
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lmult0 \fs32\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Ramas de la qumica}\b0 \par\pard\li1040\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\b {Tomado de: http://quimica.laguia2000.com/general/ramas-}\b0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {de}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100\b {la}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-quimica }\b0 \par\pard\li1040
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\ch
arscalex100 {La qumica es la disciplina cientfica, que se encarga de estudiar la m
ateria y sus }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {tr
ansformaciones. Estudia los tomos, las combinaciones entre ellos, sus }\par\pard\
li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {compuestos y las reaccion
es que se puedan forman entre los mismos. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmul
t0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {A esta vasta ciencia podemos dividirla en: }\par\
pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Qumica pura:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Se enc
arga de estudiar las sustancias, ya sean orgnicas o }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\s
l-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {inorgnicas. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Qumica aplicada:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charsc
alex100 { Apoyndose en los procesos de la qumica pura, soluciona }\par\pard\li
1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {problemas de distintas reas.
}\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-333\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Dentro de la }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {qumica
pura}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { encontramos diferentes ramas: }\par\pard\l
i1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {-Qumica orgnica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Tambin con
ocida como }{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Qumica del carbono}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f
1\charscalex100 {, es la rama }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\
charscalex100 {de la qumica que se encarga del estudio de la materia viva
. Trata la numerosa }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscale
x100 {cantidad de molculas que contienen carbono, es decir, los compuestos }
\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {orgnicos. }\par\p

ard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Friedrich Whler y Archi

bald Scott Couper, son conocidos como los progenitores }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {de esta amplia parte de la ciencia qumica
. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-333\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-Qumica inorgnica:}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex1
00 { Se encarga del estudio de composicin, estructura y }\par\pard\li1040\ri0
\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {reacciones de los elementos inorgni
cos y sus compuestos, es decir, estudian }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {todos los compuestos que no contengan carbono, ya
que estos pertenecen a la }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1
\charscalex100 {qumica orgnica. La separacin entre estas dos ramas de la qumica, en
muchas }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx8973\fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{ocasiones no es del todo clara, como podemos comprobar en la}\tab \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {qumica }\b0 \par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100\b {organometlica.}\b0 \par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-Qumica analt
ica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { La qumica analtica (del griego, descomponer)
, es la parte de }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{la qumica que se dedica al estudio de la composicin qumica de materiales, }
\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {desarrollando y
mejorando mtodos e instrumentos con el fin de obtener }\par\pard\li1040\r
i0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {informacin de la naturaleza qumic
a de la materia. Esta parte de la qumica se }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {divide a su vez en qumica analtica cuantitati
va y qumica analtica cualitativa. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0
\f1\charscalex100 {Dentro de esta rama, se incluye el}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {Anlisis Qumico}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {, siendo esta la parte prctic
a }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {que usa los
mtodos de anlisis para solucionar problemas relativos a la }\par\pard\li1040\r
i0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {composicin de la materia. }\par\par
d\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\c
f0\f0\charscalex100\b {-Fsico-Qumica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Es la part
e de la qumica que se encarga de estudiar los }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {fenmenos comunes a estas dos ciencias, la qumic
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charscalex100 {pasado siglo, no se consider como parte independiente de
la ciencia qumica. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex1
00 {Esta rama contiene campos como la termoqumica, electroqumica, cintica, etc. }\p
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3\margtsxn666\margbsxn413\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li10
40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-Qumica Preparativ
a:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Esta especialidad, estudia la parte que
se dedica a la }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{preparacin y purificacin de sustancias, con el fin de crear nuevos productos en
}\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {laboratorio. }\
par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Dentro de la }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {Qumica Ap
licada}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { se encuentran: }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100\b {-Quimiurgia}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {: Trata la aplicacin de la qumi
ca en la agricultura, con la finalidad de }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {usar materias primas en otras industrias. Un ejempl
o de esta especialidad es la }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
1\charscalex100 {utilizacin de la cscara de maz como combustible. }\par\pard\li1040
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\b {-Bioqumica:}\b0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Se dedica al estud
io de los procesos qumicos en los seres vivos. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\s
lmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Se basa en tratar la base molecular en los pr
ocesos vitales, estudiando protenas, }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\c

f0\f1\charscalex100 {carbohidratos, lpidos, cidos nucleicos, etc. }\par\pard\li104

0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100\b {-Astroqumica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Se ocupa del es
tudio composicional de los astros. Estudia la }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {composicin qumica del Sol y otras estrellas, plane
tas, material interestelar, etc. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\
f1\charscalex100 {Esta especialidad supone la unin de la astrofsica con la qumica.
}\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult
0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-Cristaloqumica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {
Estudia la composicin qumica de la materia cristalina y sus }\par\pard\li
1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {propiedades. }\par\pard\li10
40\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100\b {-Qumica Farmacutica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Parte de
la ciencia que estudia la composicin, }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {estructura, propiedades y aplicaciones de los frmacos,
encargndose de }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100
{profundizar en las interacciones entre las molculas e impacto biolgico. Combina
}\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {ampliamente la
qumica del carbono con otros conocimientos qumicos como }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\
sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {puedan ser la qumica-fsica, farmacodinmi
ca, bioinformtica, bioqumica, etc. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-Qumica tcnica
o ingeniera qumica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Se dedica a la concepcin,
diseo, }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {desarroll
o, investigacin, obtencin, etc., de sustancias, en procesos industriales }\par
\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {que dependan de proc
esos qumicos. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\
sl-346\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {Otras ramas de la qumica son: }\par\pa
rd\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\
cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-Radioqumica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { Se encar
ga de las transformaciones de elementos o sustancias }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\
sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {radioactivas. Estudia radioistopos. }\
par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-Estequiomtrica:}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 { E
studia las relaciones de peso, masa, mol , volumen, etc., de }\par\pard\li1040\r
i0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {las sustancias que participan en u
na reaccin qumica. }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1040\
ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100\b {-La Iatroqumica}\b0 \fs24\cf0\f1
\charscalex100 {: Es una rama que forma parte tanto de la qumica como de
la }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {medicina. Te
na sus bases en la alquimia, e intentaba dar explicaciones qumicas }\par\pard\li10
40\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {a los procesos fisiolgicos, y f
isiopatolgicos del cuerpo humano, pudiendo as dar }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {tratamientos con sustancias qumicas. Algunos la
consideran la progenitora de la }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f
1\charscalex100 {bioqumica. Desde el comienzo de la medicina moderna, esta parte
de la ciencia }\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {h
a quedado en desuso. Su fundador fue }{ }\fs24\cf1\f1\charscalex100\ul {{\fi
eld{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus"}}{\fldrslt {P
aracelsus}}}}\ul0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {{\field{\*\fldinst{HYPERLINK "http
://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus"}}{\fldrslt {, }}}y su prctica fue famosa
}\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf0\f1\charscalex100 {entre los aos 15
25 y 1660. }\par}