Eng 102

In-text (parenthetical) citations

Works Cited

Writing Process

MLA in-text citations (regular & attributive tag)

The student is quoting from page 187 of the following essay:

Perez-Torres, Rafael. Between Presence and Absence: Beloved,

Postmodernism, and Blackness. Tony Morrisons Beloved: A Casebook. Ed
William L. Andrews and Nellie Y. McKay. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. 179201. Print.
What would the in-text citation (parenthetical) look like for this quote?
Amy describes the scars on Sethes back as a tree, which, as suggested by
Rafael Perez-Torres, transforms the signs of slaveryinto an image of fruition
instead of oppression (187).

In-text citations (parentheticals) must include the authors last name or first
word of title and the page number

(Stanko 7)

59-1 In-text citations

1.
A. Richard A. Hawley reports that although the
ancient Chinese used marijuana for medical
purposes, there is no record of the Chinese
using it as a pleasure-producing drug (26).
Explanation:
In MLA style, the sentence period comes after
the parenthetical citation.

59-1 In-text citations

2.
B. Drugs classified as Schedule I by the Drug
Enforcement Administration are illegal, even for
medical purposes, but they are allowed in
authorized experiments (Henninfield and Ator 63).

Explanation:
When a work has two or three authors, all authors
must be named either in a signal phrase or in the
parenthetical citation.

59-1 In-text citations

3.
B. Nearly half of 1,035 oncologists surveyed in 1991
said that if smokable marijuana were legal for cancer
patients, they would prescribe it (Cross-Eyed 89).
Explanation:

When the author of an article is unknown, a short form

of the title is given in the parenthetical citation.

59-1 In-text citations

4.
A. Marshall explains that marijuana can be dangerous for
people with heart conditions because its use can
dramatically increase heart rate and blood pressure
(Legalization 79).

Explanation:
A short form of the title of the work appears in the
parenthetical citation because two works by Marshall are
given in the works cited list.

59-1 In-text citations

5.

B. The US Drug Enforcement Administration has allowed

marijuana to be used in experiments with patients suffering
from glaucoma. According to one expert, Several studies
since 1971 have shown that smoking marijuana causes the
pressure within the eye to decrease and to remain at a
lowered level for about five hours (Marshall, Legalization
67).
Explanation:
The authors name is not given in the signal phrase (According
to one expert)so it appears in the parenthetical citation
along with a short form of the title of the work and the page
number on which the quotation may be found.

59-1 In-text citations

6.

A. The Drug Enforcement Administration of the US Department

of Justice reports that marijuana use among young people
aged twelve to seventeen in the United States nearly
doubled in the 1990s from 4.3% to 8.3%.
Explanation:

For an unpaginated online source, a signal phrase giving the

author of the source is sufficient. The abbreviation n.
pag.is not necessary.

59-1 In-text citations

7.

A. According to a report by the United States Justice

Departments Drug Enforcement Administration, marijuana in
the 1990s was about five times more potent than the
marijuana of the 1960s.
Explanation:

The signal phrase gives the complete name of the author of the
source, in this case a government agency. If the student uses
a parenthetical citation, it must include the complete name
under which the work is given in the list of works cited:
(United States, Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement
Administration).

59-1 In-text citations

8.

A. I consider this [alleviating acute pain and nausea] a need

that has to be filled, says Rabbi Isaac P. Fried of New York of
his administration of marijuana to suffering patients. Should
I buckle under the fear of an archaic law that doesnt deal
with the present needs of the 1990s? (qtd. In Treaster 38).
Explanation:
When a source is quoted in another source, MLA style requires
the abbreviation qtd. in (for quoted in).

59-1 In-text citations

9.

B. Brian Hecht sums up the debate over the medical use of

marijuana in three questions: (1) Is the drug safe? (2) does it
work? And (3) How does it compare with other available
drugs? (8).
Explanation:

Because the question mark is in the original source, it appears

inside the quotation mark and before the parenthetical
citation. A period follows the parentheses.

59-1 In-text citations

10.

A. Fiona A. Campbell et al. present the results of scientific studies

on the effectiveness and safety of using marijuana for medical
purposes.
Explanation:
In MLA style for a work with more than three authors, the in-text
citation matches the entry in the list of works cited. In this
cate, et al. appears after the first authors name.
Alternatively, the student could use all the authors names in
the works cited list and the in-text citation.

What is a Works Cited page?

Alphabetical list of sources found at the end of a research-based essay

Entries are listed alphabetically by authors or editors last name or by the title
of the work if no author/editor is available

Author names are written last name, first name, middle name (or initials)
Burke,

Levy,

Kenneth

David M.

Wallace,

DO NOT list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.)
John

Smith, PhD appears as Smith, John

DO include suffixes (Jr., II., etc.)

Dr.

David Foster

Martin Luther King, Jr. appears as King, Martin Luther, Jr.

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/12/

Works Cited page basics

One-inch margins, same header as rest of essay, double spaced (no extra
spaces between citations)

Works Cited (do not italicize, underline, bold, or put inside quotation marks)
centered at top of page

First line of each entry is NOT indented. The second and subsequent lines are
indented (hanging indent).

Page numbers are hyphenated, not separated by a dash

URLs for Web entries are no longer required (instructor/publisher discretion)

<https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/>.

DOIs should be used instead of URLs

Works Cited page basics

Use italics (do not underline) titles of larger works (books, magazines, etc).

Commas are used instead of periods between Publisher, Publication Date,

and Pagination.

Medium is no longer necessary.

Containers are now a part of the MLA process, in light of technology. Periods
should be used between Containers.

DOIs should be used instead of URLS when available.

Use the phrase, Accessed on instead of listing the date or the

abbreviation, n.d.

Works Cited page basics

It there is more than one entry per author, works are arranged alphabetically
by title

For second and all additional entries, type three hyphens and a period in
place of the authors name

Stanko, Jeannine. I Like Belly Dancing. Pittsburgh: Random, 2014. Print.

---. I Like Cats. Pittsburgh: Random, 2014. Print.

Citing a Book
Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of
Distraction. Oxford UP, 2011.
In

this version, only the most essential information is

included (authors name, book title, publisher, and date).
Note that the city of publication is not needed, and the
medium of publication is eliminated.

Citing an Article from a Scholarly Journal

Kincaid, Jamaica. In History. Callaloo, vol. 24, no. 2, Spring
2001, pp. 620-26.

This version identifies the volume (24), the number (2), and the
page numbers (620-26) of the scholarly journal, rather than
leaving those numbers without clear explanation. This helps
readers best make sense of your citation and allows them to
locate your source without getting bogged down with extra
information or references that can be difficult to decipher. Also
note that punctuation is simple; only commas separate the journal
title, volume, number, date, and page numbers.

Citing an Article from an Anthology

Last name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection, edited
by Editor's Name(s), Publisher, Year, Page range of entry.

Example

Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers." A Tutor's

Guide: Helping Writers One to One, edited by Ben Rafoth,
Heinemann, 2000, pp. 24-34.

How to create a Works Cited page

First, adhere to all of the basics as outlined in the previous slides

Third, find the appropriate formula to document the necessary information

of the source

OWL@Purdue https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/05/

Core elements

Author. Title of source. Title of container, Other contributors, Version,

Number, Publisher, Publication date, Location.

How to create a Works Cited page

Online Bib Generators - WARNING

Not always correct

Inaccurate information

Not up-to-date with current MLA

User error

MAKE SURE YOU DOUBLE CHECK YOUR WORK FOR ERRORS

Electronic Sources

Author and/or editor names (if available)

Article name in quotation marks.

Title of the website, project, or book in italics.

Any version numbers available, including editions (ed.), revisions, posting dates,
volumes (vol.), or issue numbers (no.).

Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date.

Take note of any page numbers (p. or pp.) or paragraph numbers (par. or pars.).

Date you accessed the material (Date Accessed).

URL (without the https://) DOI or permalink.

Remember to cite containers after your regular citation. Examples of containers

are collections of short stories or poems, a television series, or even a website. A
container is anything that is a part of a larger body of works.

Use the following format:

Author. Title. Title of container (self contained if book), Other contributors

(translators or editors), Version (edition), Number (vol. and/or no.), Publisher,
Publication Date, Location (pages, paragraphs and/or URL, DOI or permalink).
2nd containers title, Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication
date, Location, Date of Access (if applicable).

Writing Process

In groups

Discuss assigned concept

Be ready for whole group discussion

Writing Process
Prewrite
What is your purpose for writing?
How are you going to achieve this purpose?
Who is your reader?
Use journalistic questions
Freewriting
Webbing/clustering
Listing
More prewriting questions http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/67
3/03/

Writing Process
Plan
Why create an outline?

Helps to keep track of large amounts of info

Helps organize ideas

Presents material in logical form

Shows relationships among ideas

Defines boundaries and groups

Writing Process
Plan
2 types of outlines

Topic

Sentence

Outlines should be balanced

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/2008
1113013048_544.pdf

Writing Process
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/pdf/2008
1113013048_544.pdf

IF YOU DO NOT KNOW HOW TO CREATE AN

OUTLINE, USE THIS SOURCE AND OTHERS ON
THE INTERNET TO LEARN!!!

Writing Process

Drafting

Rough draft, early version of final copy

Writing Process

Proofread

Peer review grammar and process

Writing Process

Prewrite

Plan

Print

Proofread

Publish

All done! Final copy

Thursday

We will meet in the Writing Lab (Room N306)