Determine Site Wind Speed

_(, )=__ _(, ) _

_
VSit, = Site Wind Speed
VR = Regional Wind Speed

Md = Wind Directional Multipliers

MZ,cat = Terrain Height Multiplier
Ms = Shielding Multiplier
Mt = Topographic Multiplier

Regional Wind Speed

(m/s)

Regions
Non Cyclonic
A (1 to 7)

V1

30

34

V5

32

39

V10

34

41

V20

37

43

V25

37

43

V50

39

45

V100

41

47

V200

43

49

V250

43

49

V500

45

51

V1000

46

53

V2000

48

54

V2500

48

55

V5000

50

56

V10000

51

VR (R 5 years)

REGIONAL WIND SPEED

VR =

67 - 41R

40 m/s
32 m/s

58
-0.1

104 - 70R-0.045

Ultimate Wind Speed in Indonesia

Service Wind Speed in Indonesia

WIND DIRECTIONAL MULTIPLIERS

Md Table
Cardinal
Directions
N
NE
E

A1
0.9
0.8
0.8

A2
0.8
0.8
0.8

SE
S
SW
W
NW
Any Direction
Direction
Region

0.8
0.85
0.95
1
0.95
1

0.95
0.9
0.95
1
0.95
1

Any Direction
Others

Md =

TERRAIN HEIGHT MULTIPLIERS

MZ,cat
Category
Category
Category
Category

1
2
3
4

Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions and wa

Water surfaces, open terrain, grassland with few, well-sc
Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions 3 m t
Terrain with numerous large, high (10 m to 30 m high) a
Terrain/Height

Height
z
(m)
0
3
5
10
15
20
30
40
50
75
100
150
200

Regions
Terrain Category
Height

1
0.99
0.99
1.05
1.12
1.16
1.19
1.22
1.24
1.25
1.27
1.29
1.31
1.32

Terrain
REGIONS A1 - A7, W & B
2
0.91
0.91
0.91
1
1.05
1.08
1.12
1.16
1.18
1.22
1.24
1.27
1.29

REGIONS A1 - A7, W & B

3
13

Interpolation
Height 1
Height 2
MZ,cat =

10
15

MzCat
0.83
0.89

0.866

SHIELDING MULTIPLIERS
MS
MS =

Mt
Mt =
VSit, =

1
34.64 Ultimate
27.712 Service

VDes, = Maximum Value of Site Wind Speed in Wind Direction

Min 30m/s for permanent structures
Min 25m/s for temporary structures
VDes, =

34.8 Ultimate
27.84 Service
Design Wind Pressure and Distributed Force

= (.
. _ )[_( , ) ] ^__
p = Wind Pressure (Pascal)
Air =
1.2 kg/m3
VDes, =
34.8 m/s
Cfig = Aerodynamic Shape Factor
Cfig,i = Internal Pressure
Cfig,e = External Pressure
Cfig = Fricional Drag Forces
Cfig,i = Cpi x Kci
Cpi

-0.3 Wind Ward Impermeable

-0.1
Wind Ward Permeable
0.2

Kci

Cfig,e = Cpe x Ka x Kce x Kl x Kp

Cpe
Cpe

0.7 Windward
-0.5 Leeward
-0.65 Side Wall
-0.9 Roof Upwind Downwind
-0.4

Ka

1 Wind Ward
1 Lee Ward
0.8 Side Walls
0.8 Roof

Kce

0.8

Kl

1 for frame
1.5 for Cladding

Kp
Cfig Drag Cf
Cf
P internal
P External

P Drag

0.04
-0.2179872
0.407 Winward
-0.291 Leeward
-0.302 Side wall
-0.419 Roof Max
-0.186 Roof Min
0.029

Regions

Cyclonic

Cyclonic
B

26

23

23

28

33

35

33

39

43

38

45

51

39

47

53

44

54

66

48

59

73

52

64

80

53

65

82

57

69

88

60

73

93

63

77

99

64

78

100

67

82

105

69
106 - 92R

85
-0.1

(122 - 104R

109
-0.1

) x FC

(156 - 142R-0.1) x FD

e Wind Speed in Indonesia

e Wind Speed in Indonesia

A3
0.85
0.8
0.8

A4
0.9
0.85
0.9

Region
A5
1
0.85
0.8

A6
0.85
0.95
1

A7
0.9
0.9
0.8

W
1
0.95
0.8

0.8
0.8
0.85
0.9
1
1

0.9
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.9
1

0.8
0.85
0.9
1
0.95
1

0.95
0.85
0.95
1
0.95
1

0.9
0.9
0.9
1
1
1

0.9
1
1
0.9
0.95
1

w or no obstructions and water surfaces at serviceability wind speeds.

grassland with few, well-scattered obstructions having heights generally from 1.5 m to 10m
y spaced obstructions 3 m to 5 m high, such as areas of suburban housing.
high (10 m to 30 m high) and closely spaced obstructions, such as large city centres and well-developed industr
Terrain/Height Multiplier (MZ,cat)

Terrain Category
EGIONS A1 - A7, W & B
3
4
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.83
0.89
0.94
1
1.04
1.07
1.12
1.16
1.21
1.24

1&2
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.98
1.03
1.11
1.16

REGIONS C & D
3&4
0.9
0.9
0.95
1
1.07
1.13
1.2
1.25
1.29
1.35
1.4
1.4
1.4

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.89
0.95
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.29
1.35
1.4
1.4
1.4

d Direction

B
0.95
0.95
0.95

C
0.95
0.95
0.95

D
0.95
0.95
0.95

Others

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
1

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
1

0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.95
1

well-developed industrial complexes.

Determine Site Wind Speed

_(,)=___(,)
__
VSit, = Site Wind Speed
VR = Regional Wind Speed

Md = Wind Directional Multipliers

MZ,cat = Terrain Height Multiplier
Ms = Shielding Multiplier
Mt = Topographic Multiplier
VR =

40 m/s
32 m/s

Ultimate Wind Speed in Indonesia

Service Wind Speed in Indonesia

Md Table
Cardinal
Directions
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Any Direction
Md =

Region
A1
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.85
0.95
1
0.95
1

A2
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.95
0.9
0.95
1
0.95
1

A3
0.85
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.85
0.9
1
1

A4
0.9
0.85
0.9
0.9
0.95
0.95
0.95
0.9
1

1
MZ,cat
Category
Category
Category
Category

1
2
3
4

Height
z
(m)
3
5
10
15

Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions and wa

Water surfaces, open terrain, grassland with few, well-sc
Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions 3 m t
Terrain with numerous large, high (10 m to 30 m high) a
Terrain/Height Multiplier (MZ,cat)
1
0.99
1.05
1.12
1.16

Terrain Category
2
3
0.91
0.83
0.91
0.83
1
0.83
1.05
0.89

4
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75

20
30
40
50
75
100
150
200

1.19
1.22
1.24
1.25
1.27
1.29
1.31
1.32

Category
Height
MZ,cat =

1.08
1.12
1.16
1.18
1.22
1.24
1.27
1.29

0.94
1
1.04
1.07
1.12
1.16
1.21
1.24

3
13
0.87

MS
MS =

1
Mt

Mt =
VSit, =

1
34.8 Ultimate
27.84 Service

VDes, = Maximum Value of Site Wind Speed in Wind Direction

Min 30m/s for permanent structures
Min 25m/s for temporary structures
VDes, =

34.8 Ultimate
27.84 Service

Design Wind Pressure and Distributed Force

= (.
.
_ )[_(,,) ] ^__
p = Wind Pressure (Pascal)
Air =
1.2 kg/m3
VDes, =
34.8 m/s
Cfig = Aerodynamic Shape Factor
Cfig,i = Internal Pressure
Cfig,e = External Pressure
Cfig = Fricional Drag Forces

0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.98
1.03
1.11
1.16

Cfig,i = Cpi x Kci

Cpi

Kci

-0.3 Wind Ward Impermeable

-0.1
Wind Ward Permeable
0.2
1

Cfig,e = Cpe x Ka x Kce x Kl x Kp

Cpe
Cpe

0.7 Windward
-0.5 Leeward
-0.65 Side Wall
-0.9 Roof Upwind Downwind
-0.4

Ka

1 Wind Ward
1 Lee Ward
0.8 Side Walls
0.8 Roof

Kce

0.8

Kl

1 for frame
1.5 for Cladding

Kp
Cfig Drag Cf
Cf
P internal
P External

P Drag
A

0.04
-0.2179872
0.407 Winward
-0.291 Leeward
-0.302 Side wall
-0.419 Roof Max
-0.186 Roof Min
0.029
12.2

n Indonesia
Indonesia

Region
A5
1
0.85
0.8
0.8
0.85
0.9
1
0.95
1

A6
0.85
0.95
1
0.95
0.85
0.95
1
0.95
1

A7
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1
1
1

W
1
0.95
0.8
0.9
1
1
0.9
0.95
1

obstructions and water surfaces at serviceability wind speeds.

nd with few, well-scattered obstructions having heights generally from 1.5 m to 10m
d obstructions 3 m to 5 m high, such as areas of suburban housing.
0 m to 30 m high) and closely spaced obstructions, such as large city centres and well-developed industrial com

developed industrial complexes.