Handouts

Science and Health VI

The Heart

A hollow muscular organ

It is about the size of your fist
Located between the lungs and protected by the rib cage
Heart is a powerful muscular organs
The Human heart has four chambers
1. ATRIA or ATRIUM- two thin walled upper chamber
2. VENTRICLES- two thin walled lower chamber

Parts of the Heart

The heart is divided
into two parts:
1.The right atrium and the right
ventricle
2.The left atrium and the left ventricle
SEPTUM- it is a seperated muscular wall
PERICARDIAL SAC- contains liquid that act as the
lubricant to prevent the irritation of the cardiac
wall

Four types of valves regulate blood flow through your

heart:
Tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right
ventricle.
The pulmonic valve controls blood flow from the right
ventricle into the pulmonary arteries, which carry
blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen.
The mitral valve lets oxygen-rich blood from your
lungs pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
The aortic valve opens the way for oxygen-rich
blood to pass from the left ventricle into the aorta, your
body's largest artery, where it is delivered to the rest of
your body.

The valves in the heart are life doors. They control the blood flow. They
prevent the mixing of the blood in the different chambers.
The heart never stops pumping blood.
The blood carrying more oxygen is pumped to the rest of the body through
aorta.

Systemic Circulation
The blood is then pumped through the mitral valve into
the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, blood is pumped through
the aortic valve and into the aorta, the body's largest artery. The
aorta arches and branches into
major arteries to the upper body
before passing through
the diaphragm, where it branches
further into arteries which supply the lower parts of the body. The
arteries branch into smaller arteries, arterioles, and finally
capillaries. Waste and carbon dioxide diffuse out of the cell into the
blood, while oxygen in the blood diffuses out of the blood and into
the cell. The deoxygenated blood
continues through the capillaries which merge into venules, then
veins, and finally the venae cavae, which drain into the right atrium
of the heart. From the right atrium, the blood will travel through the
pulmonary circulation to be oxygenated before returning gain to
the system circulation. Coronary circulation, blood supply to
the heart muscle itself, is also part of the systemic circulation.

REFERENCES
Systemic circulation
http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Life-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/11.24/

Heart valves
https://medmovie.com/library_id/7556/topic/cvml_0015a/
Parts of the heart
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/pictures/humanbody/heartdiagram.html

Prepared by:
Jaira Estrella BEED III-B