INTELLIGENCE

IMPORTANT REMINDERS:
It is suggested that particular attention be given to Areas
and Topics, which are underlined because they are previously
asked in the board examination.
WARNING:
These materials are only authorized for the used of AVC
Reviewees under Mr. Clarito G. Lopez and others he has personally
authorized. Students of other schools and reviewees of other
review centers are NOT authorized to use.

Definition of Terms
National Intelligence the total product
developed by all governmental agencies that
aspects of national policy and security.

of intelligence
cover the broad

Military Intelligence it is used in the preparation of military

policies, plans and programs. It includes the strategic and
combat intelligence.
Combat Intelligence is required by the commander in order to
determine the beat use of his available firepower and maneuver
forces, to accomplish his mission, and to maintain the security
of his command.
Strategic Intelligence that knowledge pertaining to the
capabilities and probable courses of action of foreign nations.
Counter Intelligence an integral part of all intelligence
operations and as such cant be separated from combat and
strategic
intelligence,
its
objective
is
to
safeguard
information against espionage, material and installation, used by
and for foreign.

Technical Intelligence concerns foreign technical developments,

which have a practical military application and the physical

characteristics, performance, capabilities, and limitations of

material and installation, used by and for foreign.

INTELLIGENCE DEFINED

Intelligence means the collection, processing, collation,

interpretation, evaluation and dissemination of information, with
references to national security. In certain context, it may also
mean the network or the system for the collection, collation,
interpretation, evaluation, processing, and dissemination of
information.
Based on military terms, intelligence is the end of product
resulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis, integration
and interpretation of all available information, which may have
immediate or potential significance to the development, and
execution of plans, policies and programs of the users.

Principles of Intelligence

The principles of objectivity In intelligence only the

well guided succeed. It is a basic intelligence concept that
there be unity between knowledge and action. It follows therefore
that intelligence should interact and condition the decision.
Intelligence must be adopted to the needs of the decision; it is
both giver and taker. Action or decision is planned by knowledge
and guided by it at very step.

The principles of Interdependence

Intelligence is
artificially subdivided into component elements to insure
complete coverage, eliminate duplication and to reduce the
overall task to manageable sizes. Nevertheless, each subdivision
remain as essential part of unity; contributes proportionately to
the end of result; possesses a precise interrelationship; and
interacts with each other so as to achieve a balanced and
harmonious whole.

The principles of Continuity Intelligence must be

continuos, it is necessary that coverage be continuos so that the
shape of what happens today could be studied in the light of what
was happened before, which in turn would enable us to predict the
shape of things to come.

The principles of Communication Intelligence adequate to

their needs must be communicated to all the decision makers in
manner that they will understand and form that will permit its
most effective use. Above all, it must not understood for without
the understanding there is no communication.

The principles of Usefulness Intelligence is useless it

remains in the minds or in the files of its collectors or it
producers. The story must be told and it must be told well. The
story must be convincing and to be convincing it must not only be
plausible or factual but its significance must be shown.

The principle of Selection In intelligence should be

essential and pertinent to the purpose at hand. Intelligence
involves the plowing through the maze of information, the
considering and innumerable number of means or of picking the
most promising of a multitude of leads. The requirement of
decision-making covers very nearly the entire span of human
knowledge. Unless there is a selection of only the most essential
waste of effort.

The principles of Timeliness Intelligence must be

communicated to the decision-maker at the appropriate time to
permits its most effective uses. This is one of the most
important and most obvious for intelligence that is too soon or
too late is equally useless. Timeliness is one principle that
complements all the others.

The principle of Security Security is achieved by the

measures which intelligence takes to protect and preserve the
integrity of its activities. If intelligence has no security, it
might be as well being run like a newspaper to, which is similar.

 The Principal Areas of Intelligence

1. Military offensive and defensive tactics, war plans,
strategic
concepts
and
tactical
principles,
organizations, installations, industrial lease, armed
forces, command structure, command personnel, material,
tactics, morale.
2. General topographical and hydrographic characteristics,
historical backgrounds
3. Diplomatic foreign policies, alliances, diplomatic
establishment, foreign service personnel, technique of
conducting foreign relations
4. Political

ideology,
traditions,
personalities, area of friction.

institutions,

5. Economic
a. Financial Monetary policies, Currency structure,
Transactions, Institutions, Personalities
b. Commercial Trade policies, markets,
methods, price policies, personalities

trading

c. Industrial structure of capacity, manufacturing

plants
and
processes,
raw
material,
energy
rotations, labor relations, personalities
d. Mining
output

mineral

resources,

production

method,

e. Agriculture policies, crop structure, cultivation

method,
mechanization,
financing,
specific
characteristics of rural population
6. Communications
and
Transportation

telephones,
telegraphs, wireless, railways, shipping, automobiles and
trucks,
highways,
aviation,
ownership,
policies,
organization, personnel
7. Social nationality
historical
factors,

structure,
census,

classes and caste,

personal
aspects,

characteristics and mentality of people forces, social

legislation, radio, television, press, motion picture
8. Intelligence organizations, methods and personnel of
competing intelligence system

Kinds of Police Intelligence

1. Strategic Intelligence the intelligence information
which primarily long range in nature with little
practical immediate operation value.
2. Line Intelligence which is of an immediate nature and
necessary
for
more
effective
police
planning
and
operation.
3. National Intelligence it is the integrated product of
intelligence developed by all the government branches,
departments concerning the broad aspect of national
security and policy. It is concerned to more than one
department or agency and it is not produced by single
entity. It is used to coordinate to all activities of
government in developing and executing integrated and
national policies and plans.
4. Counter Intelligence phase of Intel covering the
activity devoted in destroying the effectiveness of
hostile foreign activities and to the protection of info
against espionage, subversion and sabotage.
5. Undercover Work is an investigative process in which
disguises and pretext cover and deception are used to
gain the confidence of criminal suspects for the purpose
of determining the nature and extent of any criminal
activities that maybe contemplating or perpetuating.

Forms of Intelligence
1. Sociological Intelligence deals with the demographic
and psychological aspects of groups of people.
a. Population and manpower
b. Characteristics of the people

c. Public opinion attitude of the majority of the people

towards matter of public policy.
d. Education based of literacy rate
2. Biological
Intelligence

deals
with
individuals
personalities who have actual possession of power.
3. Armed Force Intelligence deals with the armed forces of
the Nation.
a. Position of the Armed Forces Constitutional and legal
basis of its creation and actual role.
b. Organizational structure and territorial disposition
c. Military manpower recruitment
d. Order of Battle
4. Geographical Intelligence deal with the progress of
research and development as it affects the economic and
military potential of nation.

COUNTER INTELLIGENCE (CI) (Negative Intel)- This kind of

intelligence covers the activity devoted in destroying the
effectiveness of hostile foreign activities and to the
protection of info against espionage, subversion and sabotage.

Three Activity of CI
a. Protection of information against espionage
b. Protection of personnel against subversion
c. Protection of installations and material against sabotage

A. Security Intelligence means that the total sum of

efforts to counsel the following National Policies,
Diplomatic decisions, Military data, and any other

information of a secret nature affecting the security of

the nation form unauthorized persons.
The basic security intelligence is concealment in general
B. Counter Intelligence counter intelligence is the
organized effort to protect specific data that might be
of value to the opponents own intelligence organization.
C. Counter-Espionage

in
counter-espionage,
negative
intelligence becomes a dynamic and active effort. Its
purpose is to investigate actual or theoretical violation
of espionage laws, to enforce those laws and to apprehend
any violators. It is a job to catch spies. It is
basically a police function.

A basic requirement of the secret agent is disguise

himself and his mission. Much of his training
and basic skill is dedicated to concealment. He is
supposed to be supplied with a foolproof cover story
and good documents. He must be a man of exception
ability or else he would not be chosen for this
intricate job. The trapping of the dark intruder is a
formidable talk.

The aim of counter-espionage is to locate the enemy, to identify

the enemy, and to neutralize the enemy.

Five Categories of COUNTER INTELLIGENCE Operation

1. Military Security it encompasses the measures taken by
a command to protect itself against espionage, enemy,
operation, sabotage, subversion or surprise.

2. Port Frontier and Travel Security has to do with the

application of both military and civil security measures
for CI control at point of entry and departure,
international borders or boundaries.

3. Civil Security it encompasses active and passive CI

measures affecting the non-military nationals permanently
or temporarily residing in an area under military
jurisdiction.

4. Censorship it is the control and examination of the

Civil, National, Armed forces, Field press, and POWs.
5. Special Operations
espionage

counter

subversion,

sabotage

and

Three Categories of Counter Intelligence Measure

1. Denial Measure secrecy discipline, document security,

camouflage and concealment, communication security and
concealment, communication security, military censorship,
counter reconnaissance
2. Detection Measure PSI,
Security
challenge or password, reconnaissance

tag

or

pass

card,

3. Deception Measures RUSE use of escape and evasion, dummy

position, fabricated info

Categories of Counter Intelligence Operation

1. Counter Human Intel (HUMINT) seeks to overcome enemy

attempts to use human sources to collect information or to
conduct sabotage and subversion
2. Counter Imagery Intel (ININT) includes action taken to
determine enemy SIGINT and related EW capabilities and
activities. These actions include surveillance radar, photo
thermal and infrared systems. Successful; counter IMINT
operations to identify patterns, profiles and develop,
recommend and analyze counter measures.

 Processing the Collected Information

1. Collection organization of raw data and information
into usable form; grouping similar items of information
so that they will be readily accessible.
2. Recording is the reduction of information into writing
or some
other form of graphical representation and the arranging
or this writing or some form of graphical representation
and the arranging of this into groups of related items.
-

Police log book and journal, Intel-work

sheet, Intel Files, Situation Maps, Rouges
Gallery, MO Files, Other Files

3. Evaluation examination of raw information to determine

intelligence value, pertinence of the information,
reliability of the source and agency, and its credibility
or truth of information. Evaluation determines the
following:
1. Pertinence does it hold some value
operation? It is needed immediately?

to

current

2. Reliability judging the source of info of agency

3. Credibility truth of info. Is it possible for the
reported fact or event to have taken place? Is the
report consistent within itself? Is the report
confirmed or corroborated by info from different
sources or agencies? If the report does not agree
with info from other sources which one is more
likely to be true.

The Evaluation Guide

Accuracy of Info

Reliability of info

A- Confirmed by other sources 1- COMPLTE RELIABLE

B- PROBABLY TRUE

2- USUALLY RELIABLE

C- POSSIBLY TRUE

3- FAIRLY RELIABLE

D- DOUBTFULLY TRUE

4- NOT USUALLY RELIABLE

E- IMPROBABLE

5- UNRELIABLE

F- TRUTH CANNOT BE JUDGED

6-RELIABILITY cannot be Judged

As to Source of Info

T- DIRECT OBSERVATION BY COMDR/CHIEF OF A UNIT

U- REPORT BY PENETRATION AGENT OR RESIDENT AGENT
V- REPORT BY PNP/AFP TROOPS INVOLVED IN ENCOUNTER
W- INTERROAGTION OF CAPTURED ENEMY AGENT/FOREIGNER
X- OBSERVATION OF GOVT/CIVILIAN EMPLOYEE OR OFFICIAL

4. Interpretation it is establishing the meaning and

significance of the information. It involves the following
activities:

Analysis shifting and isolating those elements that have

significance in light of the mission or national objective.

Integration combining the elements isolated in analysis and

known information to a logical picture or theory.

Deduction the formulation of conclusions from the theory

developed, tested and considered valid determination of
effort and meaning of the information.

 Dissemination and Use

processed information are disseminated through Annexes,
Estimates, Briefing, Message, Reports, Overlays, Summaries

Methods of Dissemination

1. Fragmentary orders from top to bottom of the command

2. Memorandum, circulars, special orders
3. Operations order, oral or written
4. Conference staff members
5. Other report and intelligence documents
6. Personal contact

Who are the users of Intelligence?

1. National leaders and military commanders formulation

and implementation of national policies.
2. Advisors and Staff preparations of plans and estimates
3. Friendly nations or other branches of the armed forces.
4. Processor basis for evaluation and interpretation.

INFORMATION AND ITS SOURCES

INFORMATION

All evaluated materials of every description including those

derived from observation, reports, rumors, imagery and other
sources from which intelligence in produced.

Information is a communicated knowledge by others

by
personal
study,
investigation,
research,
observation. The use of modern gadgets in intelligence
things and material that possess or contain in
information or knowledge.

obtaining
analysis,
and other
a desire

Two General Classifications of Sources of Information:

1. Open Sources 99% of the info collected are coming from

open sources.
2. Close Sources 1% of info from close sources.

Overt Intelligence is the gathering of information or documents

procured openly without regard as to whether the subject or
target becomes knowledgeable of the purpose

Open Sources: Includes information taken from Enemy activity,

POW, Civilians, Captured documents, Map, Weather, Forecast,
Studies, Report, Agencies

Covert Intelligence is the secret procurement of information,

which is obtained without the knowledge of the person or persons
safeguarding vital intelligence interest.

Close
Sources:
information
is
usually
taken
through:
Surveillance,
Casing,
Elicitation,
Surreptitious
entry,
Employment of technical means (Bugging and Tapping device),
Tactical Interrogation, Observation and Description.

 PERSONS AS SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Informant Net it is a controlled group of people who

worked through the direction of the agent handler. The
informants, principal or cutouts supply the agent handler
directly or indirectly with Intel information.

Informants people selected as sources of information,

which could be voluntary, or in consideration of a price.

~ Informant refers to a person who gives information to

the
police
voluntarily
or
involuntarily
with
out
any
consideration
~ Informer those who give information to the police for
price or reward

Types of Informants

1. Criminal Informant an informant who give information to

the police pertaining to the underworld about organized
criminals with the understanding that his identity will
be protected.
2. Confidential Informant is similar to the former but he
gives information to includes crimes and criminals
3. Voluntary informant a
type of informant who give
information freely and willfully as a witness to a
certain act
4. Special
Informant

those
who
gives
information
concerning specialized case and only regarded a special
treatment by the operatives (ex. Teachers, businessmen)
5. Anonymous Informant those who gives informations
through telephone with the hope that the informant can
not be identified.

 Sub-type of Informant

1. Incidental Informant a person who casually imparts

information to an officer with no intention of providing
subsequent information.
2. Recruited Informant a person who is selected cultivated
and developed into continuous source of info.

Categories of Recruited Informants:

~ Spontaneous or Automatic Informant Informants who by

the nature of their work or position in society have a
certain legal, moral or ethical responsibilities to
report info to the police
~ Ordinary run of the Mill Informants Informants that
are under the compulsion to report info to the police
~ Special Employee Informants who are of a specific
operational nature

Common Motives of Informants

Reward,
Revenge,
Fear
and
avoidance
of
Friendship, Patriotism, Vanity, Civic Mindedness,
Competition, Other Motives.

punishment,
Repentance,

Factors considered in Informant Recruitment

Sex, Health, Age, Built, Education, Ability, Personality

 INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

It is the result of intelligence planning, planning is

always ahead of operation although an operation can be made
without a plan, it is usually due to sudden and inevitable
situations but definitely this is poor intelligence management.

THE 14 OPERATIONAL CYCLES

Mission and Target Infiltration the insertion of action agent

inside the target organization Penetration recruitment of
action agent inside the target organization Planning Spotting
Investigation PBI/CBI Recruitment the only qualification
of an agent is to have an access to the target Training
Briefing

Dispatch

Communication

Technical

telephone/radio, Non-technical personal meeting, live drop/dead

drop Debriefing Payments depends upon the motivation
Disposition involve activity on rerouting, retraining,
retesting, termination Reporting Operational Testing

COVER AND UNDERCOVER

~ COVER the means by which an individual group of organization

conceals the true nature of its and or existence from the
observer.
~ Cover Story a biographical data through fictional that will
portray the personality of the agent he assumed, a scenario to
cover up the operation
~ Cover Support an agent assigned in target areas with the
primary mission of supporting the cover story.

Types of Cover

1. Natural Cover using actual or true background

2. Artificial
purpose

using

biographical

data

adopted

for

the

3. Cover with in a Cover justification of existence

4. Multiple Cover any cover you wish.

ORGANIZATIONAL COVER is an account consisting of biographical

which when adopted by an individual will assume the personality
he wants to adopt To camouflage and protect operational
personnel and their activities and protect installation on which
clandestine activities are based
UNDERCOVER ASSIGNMENT is an investigative technique in which
agent conceal his official identity an obtain information from
that organization

Types of Undercover Assignment

Dwelling, Work, Social, Jurisdictional Assignment, Combination of

Assignment, Rope job Striking up friendship with the subject

UNDERCOVER AGENT

Special
qualifications:
Knowledge
of
the
background regarding events, Knowledge about
habits, Physical appearance, an artist.

Agent Management

Language,
Area
the custom and

CONTROL authority to direct the agent carryout task

requirement on behalf of the clandestine organization in
acceptable manner and security

or
an

1. Positive Control is characterized by professionalism

and rapport
2. Negative Control characterized by blackmail and threat
Disciplinary Action Escrow Account Blackmail

METHODS OF COVERT INTELLIGENCE

SURVEILLANCE
A form of clandestine investigation which consist of keeping
persons, place or other targets under physical observation in
order to obtain evidence or information pertinent to an
investigation.

Important Terms in Surveillance

Pre-Surveillance Conference a conference held among the

team members, the police intelligence unit before surveillance is
conducted.

Surveillance Plan established type of personnel,

general
and
specific
instructions
for
surveillance,
operational limitations, signals and special instruction.

the
the

Area Target Study All available information about the

areas should be collected and analyzed.

Surveillant people who conduct surveillance with includes

only observations.

Stakeout or Plant is the observation of places or areas

from a fixed point.

Tailing or Shadowing it is the observation of a persons

movement.

Undercover Man a person trained to observe and penetrate

certain organization suspected of illegal activities and later
reports the observation and informations that proper operational
action can be made.

Liaison Program this is the assignment of trained

intelligence personnel to other agencies in order to obtain
information to police intelligence value. (Agencies like the
press, credit agencies, labor unions, tel. Companies)

Safehouse is a place, building, enclosed mobile, or an

apartment, where police undercover men meet for debriefing or
reporting purposes.

Drop any person is a convenient, secure and unsuspecting

place where police undercover men meet his action agent for
debriefing or reporting purposes.

Convoy an accomplice or associate of the subject used to

avoid or elude Surveillant.

Contact ant persons whom the subject picks or deals with

while he is under observation and identifies the observer.

Made when subject under surveillance becomes aware that he

is under observation and identifies the observer.

Lost when the Surveillant does not know the where about of
his subject or the subject had excluded the surveillance.

Type of Surveillance

According to Intensity and Sensitivity

1. Discreet subject person to be watch is unaware that he

is under observation
2. Close subject is aware that he is under observation
varied on each occasions
3. Loose applied frequently or infrequently, period of
observation varied on each occasion

According to Methods

1. Stationary this is observation of place usually a

bookie stall, a gambling, joint, a residence where
illegal activities are going on (fixed position)
2. Moving surveillance follow the subject from the place
to place to maintain continuous watch of his activities
3. Technical this is a surveillance by the use of
communications and electronic hardwares, gadgets, system
and equipment

 CASING

It is reconnaissance or surveillance of a building place or

area to determine its suitability for Intel use or its
vulnerability in operations.

Method of Casing

a. Personal Reconnaissance the most effective method and

will produced the most info since you know just youre
looking for.
b. Map Recon- it may not sufficient but it can produce a
certain amount of usable info
c. Research much info can be acquired through research
d. Prior info your unit and of the unit will have file
report that may provide you with info
e. Hearsay info usually gain by the person operating in
the area and performing casing job

Info desired in Casing

a. Area of condition and habit a description of the

locality as whether the place is a residential,
commercial, highly urbanized, rural, etc.
b. Active Opposition enemy
c. Disposal Plan disposal of the information in case of
possible compromise.
d. Escape and Evasion the exists planning in case of
emergencies, from immediate focal point, the general area
and completely from the area

OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTION

(ODEX)
~ Observation a complete and accurate observation by an
individual of his surroundings and encompasses the use of all the
major sense to register and recognized its operational or Intel
significance.
~ Description the actual
observation of the reported
another.

and factual reporting of ones

sensory experience recounted by

Psychologist estimate that approximately

a. 85% of our knowledge is gathered through sight
b. 13% of our hearing
c. 2% through the three senses

Psychological Process for accurate observation

1. Attention consist of the psychological process involve
in becoming aware of an existence of fact
2. Perception involved in the understanding this
awareness

fact of

3. Report involved in identifying the name in one own mind

and some fact which has been perceive, narrated and
identifies

ELICITATION

It is a system or plan whereby info of Intel value is

obtained through the process direct intercommunication in which
one or more of the parties to the common is unaware of the
specific purpose of the conservation

 2 devices in the conduct of Elicitation

~ Approach process of setting people to start talking

~ Probe to keep the people taking incessantly

Types of Approach

1. Flattery people are susceptible to praise

a. Teacher Pupil Approach
b. Kindred Soul Approach are the subject has been placed in a
pedestal having some specialized quality and you flatter
him/her by showing enough concern for his/her welfare to pay
special attention to his enjoyment
c. Good Samaritan Approach
2. Provocative Approach discover a wide range of conventional
gambits. Ex. Joe Blow Approach is I know the answer to
everything approach. The elicitor adopts the attitude of
being approachable of any field

Types to Probe

1. Competition Probe this is effective when used in connection

with the teacher pupil approach
2. Clarity Probe used to elicit additional info in an area
which the response is clear
3. His Pressure Probe its serves to pin down a subject in a
specific area or it maybe used to point out contradictions in
what the subject has said

4. Hypothetical Probe presents a hypothetical situation and to

get he subject to react to the hypothetical situations

PORTRAIT PARLE (P/P)

It is a means of using descriptive terms in relation to the

personal features of an individual and it can be described as a
world description or a spoken picture. (Anthropometry no two
human beings has the same body measurement)

BACKGROUND CHECKS AND INVESTIGATION

Domestic Background, Personal Habit, Business History,

Social or Business Associates, Medical History, Educational
Background, Family History

TACTICAL INTERROGATION

The need for obtaining information of highest degree of

credibility on the minimum of time

~ Interrogation the systematic

information in the minimum of time.

asking

questions

to

elicit

~ Interrogator person who does the questioning.

~ Interrogee any person who is subjected to the interrogation

process in any of its forms and phrases
~ Suspect any person believed to be associated with prohibited
activity

~ Source a person who for any reason submits information of

intelligence interest usually on a voluntary basis

~ Witness any person who has

concerning an event or activity.

direct

knowledge

of

facts

~ Provocateur an individual from enemy forces who is

deliberately introduce in our custody with a specific mission of
causing some unfavorable action or reaction on our part.

~ Screening initial examination of an Interrogee to determine

the extent of his knowledge of persons, places, things or events
in which we are interested.

~ Formal Interrogation the systematic attempt to exploit to an

appropriate depth those are of her interrogees knowledge which
have identified in the screening process

~ Debriefing the interrogation of a friendly Interrogee who has

information at the direction of or under the control of the
friendly intelligence service.

~ Interview similar to a debriefing although it is less formal

and the Interrogee is not necessarily under the control or
employment of the respective intelligence service.

~ Interrogation Report an oral or written

information by the questioning of an Interrogee.

Form of Interrogation

statement

of

~ Direct the subject is aware of the fact that he is being

interrogated, but he may not learn the true objectives of the
interrogation, This is being used extensively at the tactical
lever.
~ Indirect the subject is not aware that he is
interrogated. This is used when time is not so important.

being

Techniques of Interrogation

The Open Techniques the interrogator is open and direct in

his approach and makes no attempts to conceal the purpose of the
interrogator. It is best employed when the interrogate is
cooperative. It is frequently used at the tactical level where
time is a major interrogator.

The Common Interest Technique the interrogator must exert

effort to impress the Interrogee of their common interest. The
interrogator must look for the point out the real advantages the
Interrogee will receive if he cooperates.

Record File (we know all technique) the interrogator prepare a

file on the source listing all known information (record should
be padded to make it appear to be very extensive)

Exasperation techniques (harassment) effectively employed

against hostile type intrigue. The interrogator must alert
because the Interrogee may fabricate information to gain relief
from irritation (monotype).

Opposite Personality Technique also known as Mutt and Jeff,

Threat and Rescue, Bud Guy Good guy, Sweet and Sour,
Sugar and Vinegar . Devil and Angel.

Egotist Techniques (Pride and Ego) Described him as the best

Effective on the source

superiors or comrade.

who

been

looked

down

upon

by

his

Silent Technique employed against nervous or the confident

type of Interrogee.

Question Barrage Technique (Rapid Fire Questioning) intended

to confuse the Interrogee and him into a defensive position. The
Interrogee become frustrated and confused, he will likely reveal
more than he intended, thus creating opening for further
questioning.

INTELLIGENCEE IN SECURITY OPERATIONS

ASPECTS OF SECURITY

Protective Security can be defined as those measures taken

by an installation or unit to protect itself against sabotage,
espionage or subversion and at the same time provide freedom of
action in order to provide the installation of the unit with the
necessary flexibility to accomplish its mission.

~ Physical Security can be defined, as those measure taken

to prevent physical access or entry to an installation or area by
unauthorized personnel.
~ Personnel Security Personnel security measures are those
measures taken to insure that only authorized personnel have
access to classified documents or information.
~ Security of Classified Matter security of classifieds
matters are those measures taken to prevent the unauthorized
disclosures of classified matter.

 PHYSICAL SECURITY

Physical Security may be also defined as the safeguarding by

physical means, such as guard, fire protection measures, of
plans, policies, programs, personnel, property, utilities,
information, facilities and installations against compromise,
trespass, sabotage, pilferage, embezzlement, fraud, or other
dishonest criminal act.

Designation of Restricted Area A restricted area is any area

in which personnel or vehicles are controlled for reasons of
security.
1. Exclusion Area an exclusion area is a restricted area
which contains a security interest to TOP SECRET
importance, and which requires the highest degree of
protection.
2. Limit Area a limited area is a restricted area in which
a lesser degree of control is required than in an
exclusion area but which the security interest would be
compromised by uncontrolled movement. ( Interior Area
Control, Visitor Identification and Movement Control, Key
Control)

DOCUMENT AND INFORMATIOON SECURITY

Classified matter should be classified according to their

content and not to the file in which they are held or of another
document to which they refer, except radiograms or telegrams
referring to previously classified radiograms and telegram.
Documents Security that aspect of security, which involves
the application of security, measures for the proper protection
and safeguarding of classified information.
Matter includes everything regarding, regardless of its
physical character, or in which information is recorded ore
embodied.
Documents,
equipment,
projects,
books,
reports,

articles, notes, letters, drawings, sketches, plans, photographs,

recordings, machinery, models, apparatus, devices, and all other
products or substances fall within the general term matter.
Information, which is transmitted orally, is considered matter
Security Clearance is the certification by s responsible
authority that the person describes is cleared for access to
classified matter in the appropriate level.
Need-to-know is the principle whereby access to classified
matter may only be given to those persons to whom it is necessary
for the fulfillment of their duties. Persons are not entitled to
have access to classified matter solely by virtue of their status
or office. It is a requirement that the dissemination of
classifies matters be limited strictly to persons whose official
duty requires knowledge or possession thereof.
Certificates of Destruction is the certification by a
witnessing officer that the classified matters describe therein
has been disposed of in his presence, approved destruction
methods.
Classified to assign
classification categories.

information

by

one

of

the

four

Security Clearance administrative determination that an

individual is eligible for access to classified matter.
Compromise lose of security, which results from
authorized person obtaining knowledge of classified matter.

an

Compartmentation the grant of access to classified matter

only to properly cleaved persons in the performance of their
official duties.
Declassify
classified matter.

removal

Reclassify/Regrading
classification of matter.

of
act

security
of

changing

Up grading act of assigning to

classification to a classified document.

TOP SECRET MATTER

classification

the

matter

from

assigned
of

higher

Information
and
material
(matter),
the
unauthorized
disclosure of which would cause exceptionally grave damage to the
nation, politically, economically or from a security aspect. This
category is reserve for the nations closest secrets and is to be
used with great reserve.

SECRET MATTER

Information
and
material
(matter),
the
unauthorized
disclosure of which would endanger nation security, cause serious
injury to the interest or prestige of the nation or of any
governmental activity or would be great advantage to a foreign
nation. A SECRET grading is justified if:
~ It materially influences a major aspect of military tactics;
~ It involves a novel principle applicable to existing important
projects;
~ It is sufficiently revolutionary to result in a major advance
in existing techniques or in the performance of existing secret
weapons;
~ It is liable to compromise some other projects so already
graded.

CONFIDENTIAL MATTER

Information
and
material
(matter),
the
unauthorized
disclosure of which, while not endangering the national security,
would be prejudicial to the interest or prestige of the nation or
any governmental activity, or would cause administrative
embarrassment or unwarranted injury to an individual or would be
of advantage to a foreign nation.

RESTRICTED MATTER

Information and material 9matter), which requires special

protection other than that determined to be TOP SECRET, SECRET,
or CONFIDENTIAL.

COMMUNICATION SECURITY

Communication Security is the protection resulting from the

application of various measures, which prevent or delay the enemy
or unauthorized persons in gaining information through our
communications. It includes Transmission, Cryptographic and
Physical security.

TRANSMISSION SECURITY

Transmission Security is that component of communication

security, which results from all measures, designed to protect
transmission from interception, traffic analysis and imitative
deception.

CRYPTOGRAPHIC SECURITY

Cryptographic Security is that component of communication

security, which results from the previous of technically sound
crypto-system and their proper use.

PERSONNEL SECURITY

The Security chain; Personnel Security is the weakest

link in the security chain

Personnel Security Investigation is an inquiry into the

character, reputation, discretion and loyalty of individual in
order to determine a persons suitability to be given security
clearance.

Types of Personnel Security Investigation

National
Agency
Check
(NAC).
National
Intelligence
Coordinating Agency (NICA), National Bureau of Investigation
(NBI), ISAAFP or J2 Division, GHQ AFP, CIDG PNP Camp Crame., etc/
Local Agency Check (LAC). Place of the locality where the
individual is a resident, Mayor of the locality where the
individual is a resident, PNP Station threat, Provincial/City
Fiscal, City/Municipal Judge
Background Investigation (BI) This is more comprehensive
investigation than the NAC or the NAC and LAC. A through and
complete investigation of all or some of the circumstances or
aspects of a persons life is conducted.

~
Complete
Background
Investigation

consist
of
the
investigation of the background of the individual, particularly
all the circumstances of his personal life.
~ Partial Background Investigation consist of the investigation
of the background of an individual but limited only to some of
the circumstances of his personal life which are deemed pertinent
to the investigation.

SECURITY SURVEY AND INSPECTION

Security Survey is an estimate of the security standards of

a unit, and is conducted to enable the responsible officer to
recognize and evaluate security hazards and determine protective
measures necessary to the prevention of sabotage espionage,

subversive activities and other criminal acts inimical towards

the interest and/or mission of the unit and/or command.
Security Inspection is a check of how well existing security
measures and regulations are being carried out within a command.
A security inspection may also include an investigation of
alleged or suspected security violations. Physical security is
concerned with forces, entrances and exists, guards, traffic
control, lighting, fire control, and with such other physical
measures, which, if property established and maintained, will
deny access to, unauthorized persons.

EXECUTIVE/VIP PROTECTION

Executive/VIP Security those measures taken by Agents,

Security Officers, Law Enforcement officers or an Agency/Officers
to protect heads of state, foreign, national or local
dignitaries, civilian or military against any personal injury,
assassination, sabotage, and espionage. These may include the
protection of any government or civilian officials and individual
utilized as government witnesses.

NATIONAL SECURITY

What is National Security?

National Security is defined as the protection of the

nations people and territories from physical assault. In this
sense, national security was properly equated with national
defense, and the threats to a nations security.

What is National Security Policies?

It refers to those political, economic, psycho-social and

military instruments which governmental adopt in order to cope

with the various threats and obstacles to their NATIONAL SECURITY

and/or to develop, explore or use opportunities presented to
enhance the attainment of national goals and uphold the interest
of the nation.

Basis of National Security

National Interest

National Interest the general and continuing end for which

the nation acts. The term national interest is used to refer to
the general concept of national security and well being.

Philippine National Interests includes self-preservation,

freedom and independence, territorial integrity, political
stability, and socio-economic welfare.

National Power

The numerical strength and character of population, cultural

development, character of government, geographical location,
resources, economic development and military potential. The
degree to which the a nation is strong or deficient in these
elements is normally a measure of its national power.

Components of National Power

Political Strength stems from the character of the people

and from the type and stability of the government and soundness
of its foreign policy.
Economic Strength stems from a combination of factor such as
geographic location, climatic conditions, supply of a natural

resources,
industrial
capacity,
internal
and
external
communication systems, international trade, and the size, health
and technical competence of the population.
Cultural Strength stems from the national unity, the social
and moral fiber of the people and the things they believe in, and
from the nature and vigor of national institutions-political,
social, religious, educational. scientific and cultural.
Military Strength is the ability of a nation to exert
pressure by armed force in furtherance of national policy. It
consists of the strength of all armed forces in combination with
other elements of national power, depending heavily on natural
resources, economic strength, a broad base of war industries and
a vigorous population, military strength is influenced by the
number and quality of the nations military, economic, and
political alliances.

===GOOD LUCK===

QUESTION AND ANSWER LEA

Q. What is the first significant act of government that gave a

tremendous boast to criminology education in this country
where in a bachelors degree in criminology is recognized as
the three (3) college degree required for appointment as
chairman and member of the Police Commission.
A. (RA 4864).

Q. What law grants special financial assistance and benefits to

the family or beneficiary of a police or military personnel or
fireman, killed or permanently incapacitated while in the
performance of his duty?
A. (RA 6963).

Q. Who is the head of the Internal Affairs Service of the PNP?

A. An Inspector General and assisted by one Deputy Inspector or
General.

Q. What are the units consisting the organizational structure of

the NAPOLCOM?
A. The commission proper, the staff services and the disciplinary
appellate board.

Q. Where to appeal the decisions of the NAPOLCOM Regional

Directors with respect to claims for police benefits?
A. Regional Appellate Board.

Q. Under the existing law, what the agency of the government that
is primarily responsible in the suppression of insurgency and
other serious threats to national security?
A. Armed Forces of the Philippines.

Q. SPO IV Bert Lagman of the PNP applied for promotion to the

next higher rank. What appropriate training course shall he
have completed first before he will be promoted?
A. Officers Basic Course.

Q. What is the maximum tenure of the Chief PNP?

A. 4 year

Q. In the Attrition System of the PNP,

what is the maximum tenure of the PNP

Regional Director?
A. 6 year.

Q. What Law provides for the Reformation and Reorganization of

the Philippine National Police?
A. RA 8551.

Q. What activity requires the duty of a superior officer of any

unit of the Philippine National Police and the units
subordinates to establish rapport of good relationship with
other law enforcement agencies of the government?
A. Coordination and Cooperation.

Q. What principle of organization that results from the division

of force into separate units to perform individual task?
A. Specialization.

Q. What type of organizational structure when quick decisions are

made because of direct line authority and discipline is easily
administered?
A. Functional Organization.

Q. This refers to the placement of subordinate into the passion

for which the capabilities best fit them?
A. Staffing

Q. What is the nature of service in which the employee shall

receive order from only one superior?
A. Unity of Command.

Q. What is the optional retirement of the PNP officers in the

service?
A. 20 years.

Q. What is the staff service of the NAPOLCOM who renders legal

opinions arising from the administration of the PNP?
A. Legal Affairs Service.

Q. Under RA 8551 any PNP personnel who has not been promoted for
a continuous service shall be retired or separated if:
A. The period of non-promotion gained with in 10 years.

Q. A PNP member may also dismiss from service if he/she will be

going on absence with out official leave for a continuous
period of:
A. 30 days or more.

Q. What refers to the power to direct or oversee the day to day

functions of police in the investigation of crime, prevention
activities, and traffic control in accordance with the rules
and regulations promulgated by the NAPOLCOM?
A. Operational Supervision.

Q. What is the classified rank of the Cadets in the PNPA?

A. Above the Senior Police Officer IV and below the Inspector
rank.

Q. What police function is appropriate

territorial decentralization

in

connection

with

A. Patrol.
Q. Under what broad management
properly classified?

functions

is

liaison

most

A. Coordinating.

Q. What is referred to the synchronization of all lines and staff

activity?
A. Control.

=====Good Luck =====