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in
494000
58.079
18
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mh = 5.8 kg/s
Q = 5.8 x 494000
Q = 2865200 J/s
For cold fluid, Q = mcCpctc
tc = 35 25 = 10 0C
Now for finding mc ;
mc = Q / (Cpctc)
mc = 2865200 / (4180 x 10)
mc = 68.54 kg/s
Step 2: LMTD
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( T h 1T c2 )(T h 2T c1 )
ln
So,
(T h 1T c 2)
(T h 2T c 1)
LMTD=
( 6735 )(6725)
(6735)
ln
(6725)
LMTD = 36.77
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A 0=
Q
U 0 . LMTD. FT
A 0=
2865200
851.7 x 36.77 x 1
A0 = 91.49 m2
Step 6: Tube size, Pitch and Head
2-tube pass heat exchanger
Reference: Perrys hand book (Page: 11-42, Table: 11-12)
Assuming tube size, 14 BWG:
Outside diameter (d0)
=0.01905m
= 0.083 = 0.0021m
A0
d0 L
n=
91.49
x 0.01905 x 4.876
= 313.46
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n 320
So corrected actual A0 value is,
A0,actual = nd0L
A0,actual = 320 x x 0.01905 x 4.876m= 93.38 m2
Similarly changed Actual U0,
U 0,actual =
Q
A 0,actual . L MTD . FT
U 0,actual =
2865200
93.38 x 36.77 x 1
= 834.46 W/m2.K
mc
68.54 2 4
=
n 2 320 0.01482
d
24 i
= 2490.06 kg/m2.s
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(f /2)( 1000) Pr
1
2
2
3
1+12.7 (f /2) ( Pr 1)
Taking K = 1
Nu=
2
3
Nu = 275.07
hi = Nu.K / di
hi = 275.07 x 0.618 /0.0148
hi = 11486.03 W/m2 K
Step 9: Outside heat transfer coefficient (h0)
1
1 1 d 0 xw d 0
= +
+
+ Rd i+ Rd0
U 0 h 0 hi d i K d m
1
1
1
0.01905
0.0021
0.01905
1
=
h0 834.46 11486.03 0.0148 16.262 K 1905.:Outside heat transfer coefficient () 0.0169 11000
Solving,
h0 = 1537.32 W/m2 K
Step 10: Wall temperature and Film temperature
6
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Tmean = 67 0C
tmean = (t1 +t2) / 2 = 30 0C
t meant w t w T mean
=
1
1 d0
h
hi d i
o
30t w
t 67
= w
1
0.01905
1
11486.03 0.0148
1537.32
t w+ tb
2
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t f =
35.47+67) / 2
tf = 51.23 0C = 324.23 K
Properties of Acetone at tf = 324.23 K,
From Perrys Hand book,
Cf = 226.58J/kg K
= 0.23 x 10-3 Pa s
Kf = 146 x 10-3 W/m K
= 756.314 kg / m3
Step 11: Finding film heat transfer coefficient:
Re = 4 / f
For Horizontal Heat exchanger, = mh / 2L
For Vertical Heat exchanger, = mc / d0
So, = 5.8 / (2 x 4.876) = 0.5947
=
4 0.5947
0.26 103
Re = 9149.23
3
1.51 D g
Nu= 1 ( 0 2f ) 3
f
3
Nu=
1.51
0.019053 756.314 2 9.8 13
(
)
9149.232/ 3
(0.26 103 )2
Nu = 59.975
8
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Now, hf = Nu.Kf / d0
hf = 59.575 x 0.146 / 0.01905
hf = 459.65 W/m2.K
Correspondingly changed Overall heat transfer coefficient U o1
is,
1
1 1 d0 xw d0
= +
+
+ Rdi + Rd 0
U o 1 h f h i di K d m
3
3
h f ,old Lnew
=h f ,new Lold
So,
h f ,new =459.65
7.315
4.876
1
3
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mc
68.54 2 4
=
n 2 450 0.01482
d
24 i
= 1770.713 kg/m2.s
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f = 5.76 x 10-3
f/2 = 2.88 x 10-3
Nu=
(f /2)( 1000) Pr
1
2
2
3
1+12.7 (f /2) ( Pr 1)
Taking K = 1
Nu=
2
3
Nu = 206.97
hi,new = Nu.K / di
hi,new = 206.97x 0.618 /0.0148
hi,new = 88642.51 W/m2 K
When hi changes, Film temperature have to be recalculated,
t meant w , new t w ,new T mean
=
1
1 d0
h o ,new
hi ,new d i
So,
30t w ,new
t
67
= w , new
1
0.01905
1
8642.51 0.0148
526.19
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t f , new =
t w , new +t b
2
t f , new=
28.76+67) / 2
4 0.396
0.27 103
Re = 5873.26
3 2
1
1.51 D0 f g 3
Nu= 1 (
)
2f
3
Re
Nu=
1.51
0.019053 7602 9.8 13
(
)
5873.262/ 3
(0.27 103 )2
Nu = 68.01
Now, hf1 = Nu.Kf / d0
12
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C=0.75
Db
36
d0
4 G2 fL
2
2 g d i
P1 =
P1 = 1.836 m/pass
Entrance and exit lose;
4 G2
P 2=
2 g 2
P2 =
4 1770.7132
2
2 9.8 996
P2 = 0.645 m/pass
14
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DS
[ 12 ( lc /D S ) ]
Pp
N C=
------- (eqn:11-7)
0.58
[12 ( 0.25 / 0.58 ) ]
0.0206
NC = 3.883
2)
S m=l s D sDotl +
Here
ls
D otlD o
P
'
= BS and
S m=0.59 0.580.522+
( P' Do )
------------(eqn: 11-10b)
P' =Pt
0.5220.01905
( 0.02380.01905 )
0.0238
Sm = 0.079 m2
From figure: 11-15(a); fK = 0.19
Pbk =
b f k W 2 N c w
b
S2m
0.14
( )
-------------(eqn:11-25)
Where, b = 2 x 10-3
Pbk =
Pbk = 0.010
15
0.14
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N cw=
Then
1
()(1
2l c
2l
) 1 1 c
Ds
Ds
---------(eqn: 11-15)
cos
D2
Swg = s
4
1
()(1
0.5
0.58
0.5
0.5 2
) 1(1
)
0.58
0.58
cos1
0.582
S wg=
Swg = 0.109 m2
FC =
[ (
D 2 l c
D 2 l c
D 2l c
1
+2 s
sin s
2 cos1 s
Dotl
D otl
D otl
) (
)]
--------(eqn: 11-
8)
Here Dotl = Db
FC =
[ (
1
0.580.5
0.580.5
0.580.5
+2
sin
2 cos1
0.522
0.522
0.522
) (
FC = 0.195
S wt =
Nt
(1F c ) D20
8
S wt =
450
( 10.195 ) x 0.019052
8
-------------(eqn: 11-16)
Swt = 0.0519 m2
Sw = Swg - Swt
---------------(eqn: 11-14)
16
)]
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b W 2 (2+0.6 N cw )
Sm Sw
Here, b =
Pwk =
----------------(eqn: 11-25)
4
5 10
4
2
5 10 5.8 [2+ ( 0.6 9.7 ) ]
0.0571 0.079 736
Pwk = 0.396
N b=
L2 l e
+1
ls
N b=
-------(eqn: 11-19)
7.315(2 x 0.25)
+1
0.573
Nb = 12.41 13
To find Rb (fig11-7)
Taking Nss/Nc = 0.1
Fbp =( DsD otl )
ls
Sm
---------------(eqn:11-11)
Fbp =( 0.580.522 )
Fbp = 0.42
Rb = 0.56
0.58
0.079
(from graph)
-------------------(eqn: 11-12)
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Ds s b
2l
cos1 (1 c )
2
Ds
S sb =
----------------(eqn: 11-13)
0.58 x 0.029
0.5
cos1 (1
)
2
0.58
Ssb = 0.014 m2
S sb+ S tb
=0.25
Sm
S sb
=0.687
S sb+ S tb
Rl = 0.34
a.
(from graph)
Ps = ( N b 1 ) Pbk R b+ N b P wk Rl +2 Pbk Rb 1+
N cw
Nc
)]
---------(eqn:11-
25)
Ps
= 0.2361 lbf/ft2
18
9.7
3.883
)]
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19