Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI Western Visayas
Division of Iloilo
District of San Joaquin
Igcores, Elementary, School
Igcores, San Joaquin
Hand Outs
First Grading/SY: 2016-2017
LIVING THINGS AND ENVIRONMENT
I.

Ecosystem
Is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving
components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral
soil), interacting as a system.
As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among
organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be
of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces[ (although
some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem). These
biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through
nutrient cycles and energy flows.

The ecosystem is consisting of both biotic and abiotic community in

which many organisms live and interact with each other for survival. It also
completes a process of nutrient and energy cycle where the energy and
nutrient are passed from one organism going to the other organism and back
again.

Abiotic factors
Include moisture, sunlight, soil chemistry,
temperature, water chemistry and
precipitation. These factors have a
significant impact on the reproduction and
survival of each species in an ecosystem.

Biotic factors
Include all the

eat

living organisms in an ecosystem, their interactions

and their waste products. Some organisms
produce their own food, while others eat
plants and animals. A few organisms even
waste products and decaying matter. All of
these interactions affect the reproduction and
survival of each species.

The Three Main Ecosystem Roles of an organism are the following:

Producers,
Consumers, And
Decomposers.

PRODUCERS
Plants are producers. A producer is a
living thing that makes, or produces, its
own food
Producers use this food to grow. Grass is a
producer

Consumers
Animals are consumers. A consumer is a
living thing that gets energy by eating
other things as food.
Consumers cannot make their own
food. Deer, eagles, frogs, and even
people are consumers

Decomposers
Some kinds of living things are
decomposers. A decomposer breaks
down dead things for food.
Earthworms, bacteria, and
mushrooms are decomposers. Most of
the decomposers are very small. You
can see them only with a microscope

FOOD CHAIN
Is a linear network of links in a food
web starting from Producer
organism(such as grass or trees which
use radiation from the sun to make
their food) and ending at Apex predator
species(like grizzly bears or killer
whales), detritivores (like earthworm or
woodlice), or decomposers
species(such as fungi or bacteria)

FOOD WEB
is the natural interconnection of food
chains and generally a graphical
representation (usually an image) of
what-eats-what in an ecological
community.

References of word Documents

1. Wikipedia (19, 2016May)Ecosystem- Retrieved from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem
2. No Author(2011,11 of July) Ecosystem-Retrieved from:
http//environment.knoji.com/the-roles-and-the-relationshipsbetween-organisms-in-our-ecosystem/
3. Picture1:NoAuthor(2016) Abiotic Factors-Retrieve from:
http://biology.tutorvista.com/ecology/abiotic-factors.html
4. NoName2016)Retrieved From:https://www.reference.com/science/abioticbiotic-factors-ecosystem-9d73c6d223a18adc
5. Picture 2: No Author(2014) Facts about Biotic Factors 4: the number of
biotic and abiotic factors-Retrieve from: http://factfile.org/10-facts-aboutbiotic-factors
6. Haifaamesmari (2011,16 Of january)Producer- Retrieve from:
https://teacherhaifaa.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/lesson-1-how-do-plantsand-animals-interact/
7. PICTURE3:Haifaamesmari (2011)Producer-Retrieve from:
https://teacherhaifaa.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/lesson-1-howdo-plants-and-animals-interact/
8. Haifaamesmari (2011,16 Of january) Consumer Retrieve from:
https://teacherhaifaa.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/lesson-1-how-do-plantsand-animals-interact/
9. Picture 4: Haifaamesmari (2011,16 Of january) Consumer Retrieve
from: https://teacherhaifaa.wordpress.com/2011/01/16/lesson-1-how-doplants-and-animals-interact/
10. Kunkel, Dennis(2001) Competency 050:Relationships Between
Organisms and the EnvironmentRetrievefrom:http://www.bioedonline.org/online-courses/educatorcertification/generalist-4-8/competency-050-relationships-betweenorganisms-and-the-environment/
11. Picture

5: Zedrow, Patric ( 2003- 2016) Decomposers Lesson for Kids:

Definition & Examples-Retrieve From:
http://study.com/academy/lesson/decomposers-lesson-for-kids-definitionexamples.html

12. Picture 6: Kunkel,Dennis (2001) Competency 050:Relationships

Between Organisms and the EnvironmentRetrievefrom:http://www.bioedonline.org/online-courses/educator-

certification/generalist-4-8/competency-050-relationships-betweenorganisms-and-the-environment/
13. Wikipedia (2016, 4 of July) Food chain Retrieve From:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_chain
14. Picture 7: (2015)FoodChainRetrieveFrom:https://www.thinglink.com/scene/390859662527823872
15. Wikipedia( 7 June 2016) Food Web-Retrieve From:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

16. Science Encyclopedia(2016) Simple Webs Retrieve From:

http://science.jrank.org/kids/pages/63/FITTING-ALL-TOGETHER.html

Prepared by:
Judy Ann N. Failana