AI AA-2000-2893

AI AA-2 000-2 893

STUDIED OF RECYCLED FUEL OIL FOR DIESEL ENGINE

EXTRACTED FROM WASTE PLASTICS DISPOSALS
( Case of the Cracked PE Oil )
"Shinji MORIYA
Nihon University
Hiroichi WATANABE
Nihon University
Rikio YAGINUMA
Nihon University
Tomonori MATSUMOTO Nihon University
Morihisa NAKAJIMA
Saitama kiki Co.Ltd
Masataka TSUKADA
Ecology System Co.Ltd
Tokyo Institute Technology
Naotsugu ISSHlKI
developed new plastic recycle system which can recover
80-90% fuel oil from waste plastics by pyrolysis and
liquefaction
process.
ABSTRACT
The
recovered
oil is kind of new valuable alternative
In developed countries there are so many discarded
fuel, and it can be used not only
plastic disposals from various kinds industry and cities.
In boilers, but for Diesel engines by blending.
One of authors company ( Ecology System ) has
The
above recycling process, quality of recovered oil,
developed a new recycle system and apparatus to
and example of engine utilization are described in this
liquefy these plastic disposals into fuel oils. These
paper.
discarded plastic are melted and evaporated first,
DESCRIPTIN OF RECYCLE
and their vapors are condensed and extracted after
passing through
PROCESS
various metal catalyzers for decomposition.
In Fig.1 the general thermatic flow lines of process of
The recycled oils are different one by one according to
this waste plastic recycling system are shown.
the kind of raw plastic, and generally it has high
As seen there, plastics of various kinds are
heating value with rather big density, and their total
Fed into the main pyrolysis oven, in which plastics are
weight are about
melted and evaporated at about 350-400-., where heavy
60-80 % of raw plastics.
HC molecules are decomposed into ligher molecules
The recycled oils are fed to Diesel engines of several
contacting metal catalyzers.
factories as a 30-40% blended fuels with gas oil.
Then vapor is condensed in the condensers cooled by air
Recycle of plastics by this method above will be very
and or water, and it becomes the recovered oil.
good contribution to energy and
The recovered oil can be used as fuel for Diesel engines
environments of the earth.
and boilers.
By this system not only waste plastics but waste tires,
In this paper is showed used of the Cracked PE (
waste industrial or edible oils are able to be converted
Polyethylene) blending oil for engine performance.
into useful fuel oils.
-INTRODUCTION
This
system can be constructed in both batch type or
In advanced countries, there are produced so
continuous type, but by the reason of better maintenance
ability, batch type is used more than the latter.
*ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
In Fig.2 one illustration figure of batch type plant is
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
shown and Fig.3 a photograph of one plant of this type is
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
shown.
many waste plastics from industry and cities,
and they have generated the problem of how to
recycle them.
In the past, those waste plastics were recycled in several
way. For example, they have been mechanically
transformed into construction material or low quality
resin.
There were also converted into pelletized fuel or boilers.
But in reality, many of those pellet plants generate too
much heat and unfavorable emissions accompanied with
high soot and HC.
Here, one of the author company (Ecology System) has

510

CHARACTERISTICS & FEATURES

OF THIS PLANT
By this recycle plant, waste plastics o f
PE(Polypropylene), PP(Polypropylene), PS(Polysyrene),
acrylite polyamide and FRP can be recycled into
recovered fuel except chloride plastics as vinyl chloride
which generates chloride acid.
From 100% solid plastics fed to system, 70-90% liquid
fuel can be recovered with 3-6% non condensable gas
and 7-14% solid residue.
When other materials as wood,paper,and metal etc. are
mixed in the waste, the percentage of effective recovery
decreases and solid residual increases respectively.

Sometimes water is contained in the waste, it is

vaporized in early stage safely in batch type process. But
in continuous type process, other materials than plastic
should be kept as small as possible.
This plant is quite safe at work, because all parts are kept
at positive pressure lower than lOOmmaq at all times
resulting no air leak into system.
Also it contains safety valves. All parts are made of
stainless steel and they resist corrosion of the process.
The metal catalyzers are made of various kind of metals
including Ni and Cu, and or ceramics and zeolite in
shape of punched plate and wire mesh type.

-UALITY OF RECOVERED OIL

Recovered oils from this plant are a little different from
each others depending on raw plastic materials. On
Table 1, the main characteristic qualities of recovered oil
are shown. Table 2, the properties of the distilled oil are
shown.
Fig.4 shown the measured relation between Viscosity
and Temperature. By this figure following can be said
that, recovered oil is low viscosity.
Fig.5 shows a section of ignition test equipment inside
the heating oven, where ,ignition temperature is
measured by thermometers placed in the oven space.
Ignition time is determined by measuring time duration
between dropping of fuel from micro syringe until
ignition of the happens.
On Fig.6, natural ignition temperature measured by drop
method is shown, being compared with gas oil.
By looking at the table, it can be seen that the recovered
oils from this plant have a wide gravity range from 0.783
to 0.9, and high calorific values near or a little above 44
MJkg, proving to be good fuel.
Their ignition points by drop method are similar to gas
oil at except PS, and their viscosity is generally low.
So recovered oils from waste plastics may be said to be
very good fuel oil similar gas oil, except they have a
little residues and gamms.
Fig.7 shows a ignition temperature in PE30%Removed
oil case.

Fig.11 shows the relation between specific Fuel

Consumption and Load in the case of PE30%Removed
oil and gas oil. By this figure following can be said, that
the PE30Y0Removedoil is a almost similar the
Gas oil.
Fig.12 shows the relation between Nitorogen Oxid
(NOx) and Load. By this figure the following can be said
that, when the low load, PE30%Removed Oil is low
NOx better Gas Oil.
Fig.13 shows relation between Smoke and Load. By this
figure following can be said that, PE30%Removed Oil is
the low smoke the almost all area Load better Gas Oil.
Fig.14 shows P-- Diagram at Load 3/5, 3000rpm. By
this figure the following can be said, PE30YoRemoved
Oil is the low combustion pressure better Gas Oil.
Fig.15 shows Heat Release Rate at Load 3/5, 3000rpm.
By this figure the following can be said,
PE30%Removed Oil is the low heat release rate better
Gas Oil.

CONCLUSION
As described above, one of authors company(Eco1ogy
System) has deveioped new recycle, plant for waste
plastics by pyrolysis liquification process, using metal
catalyzer, and it can recover 80-90% oil from raw
plastics.
The recovered oil has high heating value of around
45MJ/kg and it is possible to be used in Diesel engine.
One example of the engine experiments is shown here. It
can be said PE30%Removed oil is used successful, and
they decrease NOx, Smoke better Gas Oil.
Previously waste plastics were very difficult to recycle
and gave much difficulty in combustion in incinerators
and boilers.
The method of this paper gives quite a new way for
waste plastics recycling, because waste plastics are
converted into useful alternative fuel of engines and
boilers with less influence on the environment.

QUALITY OF REMOVED OIL

The recovered oil for waste plastic is the very low
viscosity. So, for a change the higher viscosity is the
cracking the waste plastic oil. The cracking oil is the
Removed oil. Here is the PE removed oil.
Fig.8 shows the relation between Dynamic viscosity and
Temperature. By this figure following can be said, that
removed ratio oil is a lager, viscosity is the highest.

EXAMPLE OF ENGINE USAGE

Some of the recovered oils are used in Diesel engine by
blending at gas oil.
Main specification of Diesel engine used for the
experiment of various blended fuels are shown in Table
3.
Fig.9 shows the measuring and analyzing system of the
engine.
Fig. 10 shows exnerimental test rip.

51 1

CONTACT
TAMURACHO,KORIYAMASHI,
FUKUSHIMAKEN, JAPAN
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
NIHON UNIVERSITY
TEL: +81-24-956-8766
FAX: +81-24-956-8860
E-mail: moriya@mech.ce.nihon-u.ac.jp

REFERENCE
(1) S.Moriya,N.Isshiki,Proc.Int.Conf.onSmallEngines

and Their Fuels,l993, Chain Mai

(2) N.Isshiki,S.Moriya,etcProc.Int.Conf.onSmall
Engines and Their Fuels,1995, UK
(3) S.Moriya,N.Isshiki,etc. Proc.Int.Conf.on
IECEC 96, Washington,DC

Fig.1 Thematic How Line of the Process

51 2

Specific
Gravity

0.783 0.804 0.9 0.82

(15/4-)

Calorific
(MJ/kg)
Value
Dynamic
(cst)
Viscosity

45

44.1 41.8 45.7

1.52

1.2

1.84 2.74

Furnace

Burner

Moisture

Carbon

Fig.2 System Diagram of Batch Type

Process

I
Oxygen

Table 2 The ProDerties of the Distilled Oil

Specific
Gravity
Initial boiling
Point

90% Received
Tem erature
Mean
Molecular
Weight

(->

Calorific Value (MJ/kg)

1 :l 1 1: 1 1 1 1
252

251

268

335

328

332

137

193

207

327

45

44.1

45.2

43.9 45.7

1.52

1.2

2.0

Dynamic
Viscosity (30J

Mixture R&D(%)
Fig.4 Viscosity and Temperature
( Pure Fuel )

Fig.5 A Section of Ignition Test Equipment

( Inside Heater )

Table 1 Characteristics of Recovered Oil

- - -

(cSt)

Gas
-:1

51 3

2.3

2.74

It

'

. .

'

'

'

'

\.

'

'

' 1

'

70

._

Temperature?ij??j
Ignition Temperature(??)

Fig.8 Dynamic viscosity and Temperature

- - PE Removed Oil-

Fig.6 Relation between Ignition

Temperature and 1gnitio.nTime

,o,d 30?"Removed

300

ylinder Bore
Ftroke
Stroke Volume
Compression
Ratio

350

400

1 1

Ignition Temperature(??)

75 62

mm3

273

PS
kw

5.5

ps

kw

4.4

MPa

19.6

20

Maximu
m
Continu

Fig.7 Ignition Temperature and Ignition

Time ( PE30%Removed oil )

mm

ous

Declared
Injection of Fuel
Pressure

Fig.9 Measuring System of Experiments

514

- 3000rpm

I'

Gas Oil? @
PE 30YRemoved

60 -

2 -

@:
-

//

//

@
44
;

// I f /
/
I

20

Fig. 10 Experimental Test Rig

//

300\

3000r.p.m
0

/'/

- a - -

Gas Oil
PE30? 'Removed

/.ib

3000rpm
0GasOil
,o,d 30?"Removed
-20

$0

20

40

Crank Angle(deg)
Fig.14 P--Diagram( Load 3/5,3000rpm )

81

o'l.
Q)

z.

go:

200 -

C
Q) I

I
1t5

215

315

415

Gas Oil
,o,d 30?"Removed.

2.

515

Load
Fig. 12 NOx and Load

-20

0
20
Crank Angle (deg)
Fig. 15 Heat Release Rate
( Load 3/5,3000rpm )

51 5

40