Worksheet 8.

Air is a mixture

Air is not a single substance. It is made up of different gases.

The table shows the percentage of each gas in the air.
Gas

% in the air

Notes

oxygen

21

Living things need this for their life processes.

nitrogen

78

Used to store food and materials that would be spoilt by

oxygen.

argon (and
other noble or
unreactive gases)

Used in light bulbs because it will not react with the hot
filament.

carbon dioxide

0.035

It is a heavy gas. It can be used to keep oxygen off

something. It is used in fire extinguishers. It is also used to
make drinks fizzy.

water

60.1

The percentage of water vapour in the air can change. It

depends on the weather.

1 Which of the gases in air is the most abundant?

2 Which of the gases is used by living things and is given to people with breathing difficulties?

3 Which gas is used to put out a fire?

4 Why is argon used in light bulbs?

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Worksheet 8.2A

Whats in the alloy?

When two metals are mixed together, it makes an alloy. The properties of alloys are different from the
metals that make up the alloy.
Silver is very soft and can be easily made into coins. Pure silver coins would wear away very quickly so
silver coins have other metals added to them to make them stronger.
Iron is not used for cutlery because it rusts. Stainless steel is used, which is an alloy that contains iron.
You may need to use the internet or a library to find the answers to these questions.
1 What is added to iron to form stainless steel?

2 Statues are often made of the alloy bronze. What metals are used in this alloy?

3 Copper is used for water pipes because it is easy to bend. Taps are usually made of stainless steel
rather than copper. Why?

4 Gold is very soft but it can be made harder by adding other metals. Which other metals are used?

5 What is the alloy brass made from?

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Worksheet 8.2B

Whats in the water?

The two labels below come from different brands of mineral water.
Brand A
Mineral

Amount mg/l

Calcium

53

Magnesium

17

Sodium

24

Potassium

Chlorides

35

Bicarbonates

248

Sulfates

11

Nitrates

Less than 0.1

Iron

Aluminium

Brand B
Mineral

Amount mg/l

Calcium

68

Magnesium

15

Sodium

21

Potassium

1.5

Chlorides

39

Bicarbonates

202

Sulfates

Nitrates

Less than 0.1

Iron

Aluminium

1 Which brand has the most calcium?

2 Which brand has the least chloride?

3 Which minerals are there more of in Brand A than Brand B?

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Whats in the water?: Worksheet 8.2B

4 Nitrate, iron and aluminium are listed on the labels at very low levels. Suggest why these items
are listed.

5 Draw a chart on the grid below to display the data from the tables. Make sure that the data can be
easily compared.

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Worksheet 8.6

Terms and denitions

Cut out these cards. Match the terms with their definitions.

solute

a solution in which no
more solute will
dissolve

soluble

unable to dissolve

solubility

a mixture formed when

a solute dissolves in a
solvent

transparent

a substance that is
dissolved in a liquid

opaque

a measure of how
soluble a substance is

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Terms and denitions: Worksheet 8.6

solution

a liquid in which
solutes will dissolve

dissolve

you can see

through it

saturated solution

you cannot see

through it

insoluble

able to dissolve

solvent

when the particles of a

solid mix completely with
a liquid to form a
clear (transparent) solution

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Worksheet 8.7A

Planning an investigation
Support sheet

Your teacher will give you a solute to investigate. Plan an investigation to find out how much of the
solute will dissolve in water (the solvent) at different temperatures.
Use the questions here as a guide. Use the spaces to write your ideas before you complete your plan.
1 What are you trying to find out?

2 Give a brief outline of what you will do.

3 List the equipment that you will use.

4 What safety measures will you take?

5 Which variable will you change? This is the independent variable.

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Planning an investigation: Worksheet 8.7A

6 Name at least two variables you will keep the same. These are the control variables.

7 What will you measure and which units will you use? This is the dependent variable.

8 What range of temperatures will you use?

9 What interval will you use between the temperatures?

10 How will you ensure your results are reliable?

11 Construct an outline results table.

Write up your plan and show it to your teacher before you carry out the investigation.

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Worksheet 8.7B

Using the results of

the investigation
Support sheet

You can use these questions to help you plot your results on a graph.
1 When you plot the graph, the independent variable goes along the horizontal axis. Which is the
independent variable? What label will you use?

2 The dependent variable goes up the vertical axis. Which is the dependent variable? What label will
you use?

3 How will you plot the readings? (Hint: dots or crosses?)

4 What are the points you need to consider when plotting a graph?

5 Plot your graph on this graph grid.

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Using the results of the investigation: Worksheet 8.7B

6 Are there any results that do not fit the pattern? If so, what will you do about them?

7 What conclusion can you draw from your results?

8 Do you have enough evidence to be sure? Explain your answer.

9 How could you improve your investigation?

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Worksheet 8.7C

Correcting mistakes

Felipe and Patrico have collected some data from their experiment. They have investigated the
solubility of potassium chloride in 100 g water at different temperatures. They have changed the
temperature and measured the mass in g of the potassium chloride they used.
Here is their results table.
Temperature of water

30

50

70

Mass of potassium
chloride used

25

35

48

1 What corrections should Felipe and Patrico make to their results table?

2 Do they have enough results to plot a graph and be sure of their findings?

Felipe and Patrico plotted their results in a graph.

y

Temperature of water / C

70

50

30
10
0

10

20

30

40

50

Mass of potassium chloride used / g

3 What mistakes have Felipe and Patrico made with the graph?

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Correcting mistakes: Worksheet 8.7C

Yocelinne and Sofia have also collected data from their experiment. They have investigated the
solubility of lead nitrate in 100 g water at different temperatures. They have changed the temperature
and measured the mass of lead nitrate they used.
Here is their results table.
Temperature of
water / C

20

30

40

50

60

70

Mass of lead nitrate

used / g

54

64

72

82

84

100

4 What trend do their results show?

Yocelinne and Sofia plotted their results in a graph:

100

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
x
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

5 Circle the result that is odd on the graph.

6 Identify the mistakes Yocelinne and Sofia have made with their graph.

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