You are on page 1of 4

9/1/2016

Patent WO2011141936A1 A novel dustless chalk and process of making the same Google Patents
Signin

Patents

English

French

Anoveldustlesschalkandprocessofmaking
thesame

Findpriorart

Discussthisapplication

Publicationnumber
Publicationtype
Applicationnumber
Publicationdate
Filingdate
Prioritydate

WO2011141936A1
Application
PCT/IN2011/000334
Nov17,2011
May12,2011
May13,2010

Inventors

MadanmohanKhannaSanjeev

lengthanddiameter.Aprocessofmakingdustlesschalkcomprisesstepof

Applicant

Kores(India)Limited

preparingcalciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60%andCalciumsulphatehemi

ExportCitation

BiBTeX,EndNote,RefMan

hydrate30%to70%mixingwithpolyhydrocompound.Thesaidcompositionis
treatedwithairremovingagentwhilechalkismadeintheknownwaythesaid

PatentCitations(2),NonPatentCitations(2),Referencedby(2),
Classifications(3),LegalEvents(3)

compositionistreatedwithairremovingagentmaintainuniformityandstrengthof

ExternalLinks:Patentscope,Espacenet

WO2011141936A1
ABSTRACT
Theinventionrelatestoadustlesschalk,havingcylindricalshapewithspecified

chalk.Alsothesaidcompositionistreatedwithpolyhydrocompoundtoprevent
releaseofdustparticle

DESCRIPTION

CLAIMS (4)

TITLE

WECLAIM:

ANOVELDUSTLESSCHALKANDPROCESSOFMAKINGTHESAME

1.Adustlesschalk,havingcylindricalshapewithspecifiedlengthanddiameter,

FIELDOFTHEINVENTION:

madeofcompositionscomprising:calciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60%and

Presentinventionrelatestodustlesschalkandprocessforthepreparationof
same.Moreparticularlypresentinventionrelatestodustlesschalkandprocess
forthepreparationofsamebyusingthepolyhydrocompoundsalongwiththe
otherchemicallyactivecompounds.
BACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTION:
Teachers,studentsandpeoplegivingpresentations,commonlyuseschoolboard
chalks.Thesearetaperedindesignfromoneendtoanotherendby1.53.0mm.

Calciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%mixedwithpolyhydrocompound
thesaidcompositionistreatedwithairremovingagenttomaintainuniformityand
strengthofchalk.
2.Aprocessofmakingdustlesschalkcomprisesstepof
I.gypsumheatedbetween100Cand150C(302F)partiallydehydrates
themineralbydrivingoffapproximately75%ofthewatercontainedinits
chemicalstructuretoformcalciumsulphatehemihydrate.

Onusethesechalkssoilthehandandleavinglooseparticleswhicharereleased

m.thesaidcalciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%ofstep(a)ismixed

inairduringwriting.Theseparticlesfloatintheairandenterinhumanbodyby

withthecalciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60

inhalationresultinginvariousrespiratoryailments.PRIORART:
Inpriorarttherearenodustlesschalksavailableinthemarketandthepresent
inventionisaltogetheranewproduct.Thechalksavailableinthemarkethave
thetendencyofmoresoilingofhands.Itistypicallyseenthattheexistingchalks
arenotecofriendly.Itisalsoseenthatthechalksavailablearepollutingthe

n.addingthepolyhydrocompoundtothesaidmixerofstep(b)
o.thoroughlymixingthesaidmixerofstep(c)inamixingapparatusinthe
knownway
p.preparingslurryofthesaidmixerofstep(d)

environmenttherebyresultinginvariousrespiratoryailments.
q.addingairremovingagenttothesaidslurryofstep(e)
ThedocumentCN101831218(A)theinventionrelatestoanenvironmentfriendly
dustlessbiochemicalchalkandamakingmethodthereof.Theenvironment

r.pouringthesaidslurrymaterialofstep(f)inawellpreparedmouldfor

friendlydustlessbiochemicalchalkismadeofmainmaterialsandauxiliary

part!asetting

materials,whereinthemainmaterialscomprisethefollowingcomponentsin
partsbyweight:1020partsofcalciumcarbonate,913partsofcastoroil,6.5
8.5partsofbeanoil,56partsofcoconutoil,1416partsofsurfactant,4.55.5

s.ejectionofchalksbypressingtheejectionrods
t.collectionofchalksformedinstep(h)inatray

partsofmagnesiumcarbonateand3.23.8partsofparaffinandtheauxiliary
materialscomprisethe

u.thedryingthesaidchalksofstep(i)inthetray

lfollowingcomponentsinpartsbyweight:2545partsoftitaniumpigment

v.thepackingthesaiddriedchalksofstep(j)andreadyfordispatch.

powder,23partsofglyceroland03partsofpigment.Theobtaineddustless
biochemicalchalkhasfineandflexiblequality,smoothwritingandbrightcolor
andisnoteasilybroken,furthermore,theproducthasclearcharactersandeasy
identificationnomattertheproductisdryorwetandiswrittenonablackboard,a

3.theprocessasclaimedinclaim2whereinthetemperatureandtime
neededforformingcalciumsulphatehemihydratedependonambient
partialpressureofH2O.

glassorthesurfaceofanysubstance,andmostimportantofall,nodustoccurs

4.Theprocessasclaimedinclaim2whereinthehydrophobicmould

inthewritinganderasingprocesses.Butthesechalkswritingonblackboard

releaseagentisusedinmouldwhilemoldingchalks.

cannotbeeasilyerasedbydrydusterasitcontainsoilybasedauxiliary
components.Themaincomponentofknownchalkiscalciumcarbonate
(CaCCb),aformoflimestone.Limestonedepositsdevelopascoccoliths(minute
calcareousplatescreatedbythedecompositionofplanktonskeletons)accumulate,formingsedimentarylayers.Plankton,a
tinymarineorganism,concentratesthecalciumfoundnaturallyinseawaterfrom.04percentto40percent,whichisthen

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011141936A1?cl=en

1/4

9/1/2016

Patent WO2011141936A1 A novel dustless chalk and process of making the same Google Patents

precipitatedwhentheplanktondies.
Inthepriorartchalkisgenerallymanufacturedasfollows:
Oncecomparativelylargechunksoflimestonehavebeenquarried,andtheyarepulverizedtomeetthedemandsofthe
chalkindustry.Thefirststepisprimarycrushing.Variouscrushersexist,buttheprincipleisthesame:allcompressthe
stonewithjawsoracone,orshatteritthroughimpact.Secondarycrushingisaccomplishedbysmallercrushersthatwork
athigherspeeds,producingpebbleswhicharethengroundandpulverized.Thenextphase,wetgrinding,washesaway
impurities.Itisusedtomakethefinegradeoflimestonenecessarytomakechalksuitableforwritingpurposes.Wet
grindingiscarriedoutinballmillsrotatingsteeldrumswithsteelballsinsidethatpulverizethechalkuntilitisveryfine.
Gypsum,likelimestone,isalsoquarriedandpulverized.Themajordifferenceinprocessinggypsumisthatitmustbe
dehydratedtoformcalciumsulfate,themajorcomponentofcolouredchalk.Thisisdoneinakettle,alargecombustion
chamberinwhichthegypsumisheatedtobetween244and253degreesFahrenheit(116121degreesCelsius).Itisallowed
toboiluntilithasbeenreducedbytwelvetofifteenpercent,atwhichpointitswatercontentwillhavebeenreducedfrom
20.9percenttobetween5and6percent.Tofurtherreducethewater,thegypsumisreheatedtoabout402degrees
Fahrenheit(204degreesCelsius),atwhichpointitisremovedfromthekettle.Bynow,almostallofthewaterhas
evaporated,leavingcalciumsulfate.
Theparticlesofchalkorcalciumsulfatearenowconveyedtovibratingscreensthatsiftoutthefinermaterial.Theensuing
finechalkisthenwashed,dried,packedinbags,andshippedtothemanufacturer.Uponreceivingchalkorcalciumsulfate,
thechalkfactoryusuallygrindsthematerialsagaintorenderthemsmoothanduniformlyfine.
Tomakewhiteclassroomchalk,themanufactureraddswatertoformathickslurrywiththeconsistencyofclay.Theslurry
isthenplacedintoandextrudedfromadieanorificeofthedesiredlong,thinshape.Cutintolengthsofapproximately
24.43inches(62centimeters),thesticksarenextplacedonasheetthatcontainsplacesforfivesuchsticks.Thesheetis
thenplacedinanoven,wherethechalkcuresforfourdaysat188degreesFahrenheit(85degreesCelsius).Afterithas
cured,thesticksarecutintospecifiedlengths.Thechalksoobtainedarenotdustlesschalkandhazardoustohealth.
Inthepriorartprocessthereisnofeatureformakingdustlesschalk.OBJECTOFTHEPRESENTINVENTION:
Objectofthepresentinventionaimsatdevelopingdustlesschalkandprocessforthepreparationofsame.
Yetanotherobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovidechalksthatareuserfriendly.Yetanotherobjectofthepresent
inventionistoprovidechalkscapableofreleasingquantityrequiredforwriting/markingonly.
Yetanotherobjectofthepresentinventionistoeliminatethelimitationsanddrawbacksoftheexistingchalksbyeliminating
thesoilingofthechalks.STATEMENTOFINVENTION:
Accordinglyinventionprovidesthedustlesschalk,havingcylindricalshapewithspecifiedlengthanddiameter,madeof
compositionscomprising:calciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60%andCalciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%mixed
withpolyhydroccrr.poundthesaidcompositionistreatedwithairremovingagenttomaintainuniformityandstrengthof
chalk.
Accordinglyinventionalsoprovidesaprocessofmakingdustlesschalkcomprisesstepof
a.gypsumheatedbetween100Cand150C(302F)partiallydehydratesthemineralbydrivingoffapproximately75%of
thewatercontainedinitschemicalstructuretoformcalciumsulphatehemihydrate.
b.thesaidcalciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%ofstep(a)ismixedwiththecalciumsulphatedihydrate20%to
60%
c.addingthepolyhydrocompoundtothesaidmixerofstep(b)
d.thoroughlymixingthesaidmixtureofstep(c)inamixingapparatusintheknownway
e.preparingslurryofthesaidmixtureofstep(d)
f.addingairremovingagenttothesaidslurryofstep(e)
g.pouringthesaidslurrymaterialofstep(f)inawellpreparedmouldforpartialsetting
h.ejectionofchalksbypressingtheejectionrods
i.collectionofchalksformedinstep(h)inatray
j.thedryingthesaidchalksofstep(i)inthetray
k.thepackingthesaiddriedchalksofstep(j)andreadyfordispatch.
DRAWING
TheinventionisdescribedwithfigureoftheaccompanyingdrawingwhereinFigure1showstheflowsheetofprocessof
makingdustlesschalkaccordingtoinvention.BRIEFDESCRIPTIONOFTHEINVENTION:
TheinventedDustlessChalkiscylindricalinshapeunlikeothers,whicharetaperedfromoneendtoanotherby1.5to2.0
mm.Thecylindricalshapehasuniformstrengththroughoutthelength,whileincaseoftaperedshapestrengthchanges
TrythenewGooglePatents,withmachineclassifiedGoogleScholarresults,and

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011141936A1?cl=en

2/4

9/1/2016

Patent WO2011141936A1 A novel dustless chalk and process of making the same Google Patents

acrossthelengthasdiameterofchalkvaries.Itincreasesbreakagefrequencyofchalkintaperedshape,whilebreakingof
JapaneseandSouthKoreanpatents.
chalkgetsminimizedincylindricalshape.TheChalk,whenusedforwritingonwellmaintainedSchoolboardsreleasesonly
desiredquantityformarkingthesubstrateandiserasablewithdrypieceofcloth.Itisformulatedinsuchawaythatexcess
particles,ifreleasedduetoextraforceinwriting,falldirectlyonthegroundundergravitationalforceanddonotdispersein
theairduetowhichchalkparticlesdonotenterhumanbodythroughinhalationresultinginuserfriendlycharacteristicsA
novelDustlesschalkandprocessforthepreparationofsameaccordingtothepresentinvention,usesCalciumsulphatedi
hydrate,Calciumsulphatehemihydrate,airremovingagents,andPolyhydrocompoundinthepredefinedproportion.
Thepreferredembodimentofthedustlesschalkscomprisesofthefollowing:
PresentinventioncontainsCalciumsulphatedihydratenotlessthan20%andnotmorethan60%.
PresenlinventioncontainsCalciumsulphatehemihydratenotlessthan30%andnotmorethan70%.
Presentinventionusesairremovingagenttomaintainuniformityandstrengthofchalk.
PresentinventionusesPolyhydrocompoundtopreventreleaseofdustparticleswhichdisperseinair.
Presentinventionuseshydrophobicmouldreleaseagent,whichdoesnotaffectsthepropertiesofproduct.Thedustless
chalkishavingcylindricalshapewithspecifiedlengthanddiameter,madeofcompositionscomprising:calciumsulphatedi
hydrate20%to60%andCalciumsulphdiehemihydrate30%to70%mixedwithpolyhydrocompoundthesaid
compositionistreatedwithairremovingagenttomaintainuniformityandstrengthofchalk.
AirremovingayentisanadditivewhichdisplacesentrappedairinpowderparticlesandmakeschalksmorecompactAir
removingagentisanadditivewhichdisplacesentrappedairinpowderparticlesandmakeschalksmorecompact
Theprocesssteps:Heatinggypsumtobetween100Cand150C(302F)partiallydehydratesthemineralbydrivingoff
approximately75%ofthewatercontainedinitschemicalstructure.Thetemperatureandtimeneededdependonambient
partialpressureofH20.Temperaturesashighas170Careusedinindustrialcalcination,butatthesetemperatures
anhydritebeginstoform.Thereactionforthepartialdehydrationis:
CaS02H20+heatCaS04H20+1H20(steam)
ThepartiallydehydratedmineraliscalledcalciumsulfatehemihydrateorcalcinedgypsumThedehydration(specifically
knownascalcination)beginsatapproximately80C(176F),althoughindryair,somedehydrationwilltakeplacealready
at50C.Theheatenergydeliveredtothegypsumatthistime(theheatofhydration)tendstogointodrivingoffwater(as
watervapor)ratherthanincreasingthetemperatureofthemineral,whichrisesslowlyuntilthewaterisgone,thenincreases
morerapidly.
Incontrasttomostminerals,whichwhenrehydratedsimplyformliquidorsemiliquidpastes,orremainpowdery,calcined
gypsumhasanunusualproperty:whenmixedwithwateratnormal(ambient)temperatures,itquicklyrevertschemicallyto
thepreferreddihydrateform,whilephysically"setting"toformarigidandrelativelystronggypsumcrystallattice:
CaSCvH20+1H20CaS042H20
Thisreactionisexothermicandisresponsiblefortheeasewithwhichgypsumcanbecastintovariousshapesincluding
sheets(fordrywall),sticks(forblackboardchalk),andmolds(toimmobilizebrokenbones,orformetalcasting).Mixedwith
polymers,ithasbeenusedasabonerepaircement.Smallamountsofcalcinedgypsumareaddedtoearthtocreatestrong
structuresdirectlyfromcastearth,analternativetoadobe(whichlosesitsstrengthwhenwet).Theconditionsof
dehydrationcanbechangedtoadjusttheporosityofthehemihydrate,resultinginthesocalledalphaandbetahemihydrates
(whicharemoreorlesschemicallyidentical).
Referringtofigure1whichisprocessflowdiagram,Thegypsumtreatedasdescribedabc.etoformcalciumsulphatehemi
hydrate.Thesaidcalciumsulphatehemihydrate30%to70%ismixedwiththecalciumsulphatedihydrate20%to60%.
Thepolyhydrocompoundisaddedtothetothesaidmixerofstep(b).Themixerofcalciumsulphatehemihydrateand
calciumsulphatedihydrateandpolyhydrocompoundthoroughlymixedinamixingapparatusintheknownway.Theslurry
ismadebyaddingwatertothesaidthoroughlymixedmixture.Theairremovingagentisaddedtothesaidslurry.Thesaid
slurryispouredinawellpreparedmouldforpartialsetting.Thehydrophobicmouldreleaseagentisusedinthemould.The
chalksejectedfromthemouldbypressingtheejectionrods.Thechalksejectedfrommouldarecollectedinatrayanddried.
Whenfullydriedpackedandkeptreadyfordispatch.

ADVANTAGESOFTHEPRESENTINVENTION:
Itisevidentvisuallyduringwritingtestcarriedoutthatreleaseofdustparticlesisless'ninventedchalksandfloating
particlesarealsonegligibleincomparisontopriorartchalks.

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011141936A1?cl=en

3/4

9/1/2016

Patent WO2011141936A1 A novel dustless chalk and process of making the same Google Patents

LesssoilingofhandsincomparisontoexistingmouldedschoolboardchalksControlledreleaseofchalkparticlesduring
writing.
Releasedparticlesdirectlyfallonthesurfaceundergravitationalforceanddonotfloatintheair.

PATENT CITATIONS
CitedPatent

Filingdate

Publicationdate

Applicant

Title

CN1078686A*

May18,1992

Nov24,1993

Nontoxicandnondustychalkanditsprocess

JPH01203484A*

Titlenotavailable

*Citedbyexaminer

NON-PATENT CITATIONS
Reference

DATABASEWPIWeek198939,14September2011DerwentPublicationsLtd.,London,GBAN1989280949&JP1203484A(HAGOROMO
BUNGUKK)16August1989

DATABASEWPIWeek199711,14September2011DerwentPublicationsLtd.,London,GBAN1997109536&CN1078686A(LIFFI)24
November1993

*Citedbyexaminer

REFERENCED BY
CitingPatent

Filingdate

Publicationdate

Applicant

Title

CN102673246A*

May16,2012

Sep19,2012

Dustfreechalkmachiningdeviceandusemethodthereof

CN103468062A*

Aug30,2013

Dec25,2013

Neodymiumironboronmagneticchalk

*Citedbyexaminer

CLASSIFICATIONS
InternationalClassification

C09D13/00

CooperativeClassification

C09D13/00

EuropeanClassification

C09D13/00

LEGAL EVENTS
Date

Code

Event

Description

Jan4,2012

121

Ep:theepohasbeeninformedbywipothatepwasdesignatedinthisapplication

Refdocumentnumber:11780317
Countryofrefdocument:EP
Kindcodeofrefdocument:A1

Nov13,2012

NENP

Nonentryintothenationalphasein:

Refcountrycode:DE

Jun5,2013

122

Ep:pctapp.notent.europ.phase

Refdocumentnumber:11780317
Countryofrefdocument:EP
Kindcodeofrefdocument:A1

GoogleHomeSitemapUSPTOBulkDownloadsPrivacyPolicyTermsofServiceAboutGooglePatentsSendFeedback
DataprovidedbyIFICLAIMSPatentServices

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011141936A1?cl=en

4/4

You might also like