RATIFICATION PAGE

Complete report of basic biology observation with tittle Respiration that

arranged by:
Name

: Aeman Hakim

ID

: 1412440006

Class

: ICP of Physics Education (B)

Group

: II

After checked by assistent coordinator and assistent so this report was accepted.

Makassar, January

th

2015

Assistent coordinator

Assistent

M. Irwan, S.Pd.

Asham Bin Jamaluddin

Known by,
Lecturer of Responsibility

Drs. H. Abdul Muis, M.Si

NIP. 196409131 199011 1 001

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
The term respiration we know differently with breathing.
Breathing has a limited meaning in the process of entering
(inspiration) and expenditure (expiration) air. While respiration is
the process of oxidation of organic food or that occur in cells that
can be aerobically or anaerobically. In aerobic conditions
required oxygen free and the end result is energy and carbon
dioxide. In general, the reactions that occur in the respiration
written:
C6H12O6 + 6O2

6CO2 + 6H2O + energi

In this respiration depends on the type of food used. The

comparison between the amount of CO2 emitted and the
amount of O2 required is called Respiratory Quotient (RQ).
Respiration in biology is the process of mobilization of
energy that carried the bodies of living through solving highenergy compounds (SET) to be used in carrying out the functions
of life. In terms of activities of daily life, respiration can be
likened to breathing. However, the term respiration includes the
processes that are also not covered by the terms of breathing.
Respiration occurs at all levels of living organisms, ranging from
the individual to the smallest unit, the cell. If breathing is usually
associated with the use of oxygen as a compound solver, not
merely involve oxygen respiration.
Basically, respiration is the oxidation process experienced
by the SET as chemical energy storage unit in living organisms.
SET, such as sugar molecules or fatty acids, can be broken with
the help of enzymes and some simple molecules. Because this
process is an exothermic reaction (releasing energy), the energy

released is captured by ADP or ATP or NADPH NADP formed. In

turn,

various

biochemical

reactions

endothermic

(requires

energy) supplied energy needs of these last two groups of

compounds.
Most of which can be seen human respiration requires
oxygen as oksidatornya. Such a reaction is known as aerobic
respiration. However, many processes that do not involve
oxygen respiration, which is called anaerobic respiration.
As a biology student, of course, we want to know how the
process of respiration itself, how to influence the type and
weight or mass of different organisms on the rate of respiration.
Therefore, the practice of respiration is necessary to be
implemented.
B. Purpose
The purpose of this lab is the student can:
1. Prove that living organisms need oxygen to respiration.
2. Comparing the oxygen needs some organisms according to
the type and size of its body weight.
C. Benefit
The benefits of this practice is that students can learn that
living organisms require oxygen to respirasinya. In addition,
knowing the oxygen demand of some organisms by type and
size or weight.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Respiration (respiration) is an enzymatic release of energy
from organic compounds (mainly carbohydrates and fats) that
require oxygen (aerobic respiration) or not (anaerobic respiration).
Anaerobic respiration term is sometimes used as a synonym of
fermentation. In eukaryotic cells, only cells that are able to have
mesosom aerobic respiration. All cells can carry out anaerobic
respiration; but in this way not all cells can meet its energy needs.
A large amount of energy released during respiration linked to the
synthesis of ATP (the anaerobic respiration erythrocytes 50%, the
aerobic

respiration

involving

mitochondrial

42%).

The

main

anaerobic respiration pathway in the cell is glycolysis. This is a

'funnel' metabolism to deliver compounds from various sources (eg
of proteins, fats, and polysaccharides). Products that are energyrich ATP (ADP) and NADH (NAD); pyruvate formed dikatabolisis
further in the mitochondria or converted to lactate or alcohol. The
steps in aerobic respiration really produce ATP, took place during
passage

of

electrons

along

the

electron

transport

system

(Abercrombie, 1993).
Respiration is a process of liberation of energy stored in the
substance source of energy through a chemical process using
oxygen. Of respiration will produce chemical energy of ATP untak

life activities, such as synthesis (anabolism), movement, growth

(Anonymous, 2009).
Various activities of living things, such as walking, crawling,
rolling, or that's simple as standing on the earth requires energy. To
that end, must have a way to get a 6-c molecules of glucose, and
also must have a way to use the energy it contains. However, when
the energy released entirely simultaneously will cause a short burst
of liberating light and heat, and will hiss cytoplasm followed by
death. Living creatures are generally not able to withstand the
trauma of the liberation of energy from glucose by way of a sudden.
Because of the strength of the stored glucose molecules are
handled through a very thorough way (complicated) so that the
release of energy is done through a gradual process, a little at a
time or a certain time. The entire process called cellular respiration
(Pham, 2004).
Respiration is the process of oxidation of food ingredients or
organic material that occurs in cells that can be aerobically or
anaerobically. In aerobic conditions, respiration require free oxygen
and release carbon dioxide and energy. If that is oxidized is sugar,
then what happens is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2

6CO2 + 6H2O + energi

The amount of CO2 produced and the amount of O2 used in aerobic

respiration is not always the same. This depends on the type of
material used. The comparison between the amount of CO2 emitted
and the amount of O2 required is called Respiratory Quotient (RQ).
For its carbohydrate value RQ RQ = 1. This value may vary
depending on the material for respiration, perfectly least respiration
and other conditions (Team Teaching, 2009).

According Pradana (2009) respiration rate can be influenced by

several factors, among others:
1. Availability substrate. The availability of substrates in the plant
is essential in doing respiration. Plants with a low content of the
substrate will perform a low respiration rate anyway. Similarly, if
the substrate is available sebliknya pretty much the respiration
rate will increase.
2. Oxygen availability. Oxygen availability will affect the rate of
respiration, but the magnitude of the effect is different for each
species and even different between the organs on the same
plant. Normal fluctuations in the oxygen content of the air is not
much affect respiration rate, because the amount of oxygen
required for berrespirasi plants is much lower than the available
oxygen in the air.
3. Temperature. The influence of the temperature factor for plant
respiration rate is closely related to factors Q10, which generally
increases the rate of respiration reactions to any increase in the
temperature of 10 , but this depends on each species.
The type and age of the plant. Each species has a different
metabolsme, thus the need for berespirasiakan different plants
for each species. The young plants showed a higher respiration
rate than older plants. Similarly, in the organs of plants are
growing.

CHAPTER III
PRACTICUM METHOD
A. Place and Date
Day / date
: Wednesday, January 14th 2015
Time
: 13.00 pm 15.00 pm
Place
: Green House FMIPA UNM
B. Tools and Materials
1. Tools
a. Two sets of simple respirometer
b. Spoite
c. Stopwatch/ watches
d. Scale
2. Materials

a. Cotton
b. Vaseline
c. Crystal of KOH
d. Eosin solution
e. Mung bean sprouts
f. Big and small cockroachs (Blatta orientalis)
g. Big and small grasshopers (Dissosteria carolina)
h. Bean Sprout
C. Work Procedure
Experiment 1 :
1. Two grasshopers or cockroaches with different body size has taked.
2. The cotton that filled two of crystals KOH entered into respirometer.
3. One tails of cockroach entered into respirometer.
4. Closed respirometer with connected it to glass pipe.
5. Vaseline applied on the connection respirometer tube with glass pipe to
prevent leaks.
6. Eosin solution dropped on the glass pipe untill the end of the pipe into the
channel.
7. Eosin shifting scale of glass pipe observed, and the scale range from 0.0 per
one minute noted.
8. Observation continued until 5 minutes (5 datas).
Experiment 2 :
1. Simple respirometer cleaned
2. Worked with the same sort order in experiment 1, experiment 2 by used
similar animals with different body weight.
Experiment 3 :
1. Simple respirometer cleaned.
2. Worked with the same sort order in experiment 1, experiment 3 by used bean
sprouts.

CHAPTER IV
RESULT
A. Result of Practice

Size
Big
Small
Size
First grasshopper
Second grasshopper
Size
5 sprout
10 sprout

Respiration of cockroach
Observation Result
1
2
3
4
3,7
5,1
6,2
7,3
0,2
0,8
1,2
1,8
Respirationof grasshopper
Observation Result
1
2
3
4
0,4
1,2
1,9
2,4
0,8
1,8
2
2,7
Respiration of Sprout
Observation Result
1
2
3
4
0,1
0,3
0,5
0,8
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6

5
8,4
2,5

5
3,4
3

5
1
2

B. Graph
1. The average oxygen consumption of cockroach

Respiration of Cockroach

Big Cockroach
Oksyg en consumption (Volume/Minutes)

Time in minutes

Big =
Small =

8,4
5
2,5
5

= 1,68 volume/minutes
= 0,5 volume/minutes

2. The average oxygen consumption of grasshopper

Small Cockroach

Respiration of Grasshopper

First Grasshopper
Oxygen Consumption (Volume/Minutes)

Second Grasshopper

Time in minutes

First =

3,4
5

Second =

= 0,68 volume/minutes

3
5

= 0,6 volume/minutes

3. The average oxygen consumption of sproat

Respiration of Sprout
2.5
2
1.5
Oxygen consumption (Volume/Minutes)

1
0.5
0

Time in minutes

5 sprout =

1
5

= 0,2 volume/minutes

5 sprout
10 sprout

10 sprout =

2
5

= 0,4 volume/minutes

4. Different respiration from cockroach and grasshopper

Respiration of Different Animal

9
8
7
6
5

Cockroach
Grasshopper

Oxygen consumption (Volume/Minutes) 4

3
2
1
0

5. Different respiration from animal and plant

Respiration of Different Organism

9
8
7
6
5

5 sprout
Cockroach

Oxygen consumption (Volume/Minutes) 4

3
2
1
0
12345

C. Discussed
1. The rate of respiration in the cockroach (blatta orientalis)
For organisms of the same type with different parts of the
body, we can see from the table where the observations on a
large cockroach respiration methyl blue moving from 3,7 to

8,4 on a scale of 1 minute until the 5th minute with a

respiration rate of 1,68 volume / minutes. While the small
cockroach methyl blue moving from 0,2 to 2,5 scale from
minute 1 to minute-5 with a respiration rate of 0.5 volume /
min. From these data it can be seen that a large body of
living beings or organisms affect the rate of respiration.
2. The rate of respiration on grasshopper (Disosteria carolina)
For organisms of the same type with different parts of the
body, we can see from the table where the observations on a
large grasshopper respiration methyl blue moving from 0,4 to
3,4 on a scale of 1 minute until the 5th minute with a
respiration rate of 0.68 volume / minutes. While the small
grasshopper methyl blue moving from 0,8 to 3 scale from
minute 1 to minute-5 with a respiration rate of 0.6 volume /
min. From these data it can be seen that a large body of
living beings or organisms affect the rate of respiration.
3. The rate of respiration bean sprouts (Phaseolus radiatus)
For plants, in this case different sprouts, one is 5 sprouts and
10 sprouts, we can see from the table where the respiration
observation 5 sprouts moving from 0.1 to 1 on a scale of 1
minute until 5th minute with a respiration rate of 0,2
volumes / min. While the 10 sprouts moving from 0.4 to 2 on
a scale of 1 minute until the 5th minute with a respiration
rate of 0.4 volume / min.
4. Respiration of different animal
From the experiments that have been conducted and based
on the table it can be seen that each animal has a level of
demand for different oxygen. which is influenced by the way
of life and his strictures, but in general it can be seen from
the size of his body.
5. Respiration of different organism (animal and plant)

General requirement for oxygen is very large animals when

compared with plants. because all metabolic processes in the
animal body is very dependent on the oxygen. and animals
will die sooner if the oxygen supply is removed.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
1. living organisms require oxygen to respirasinya.
2. Weight affects the speed of respiration in animals in which
the heavier an animal, then the faster the speed respirasinya.
However, it is also being influenced by the activity of the
animal. . Different animal species, have different respiration
rate. This means that the oxygen needs of each organism is

different depending on the species. Plant different treatment

given to it also has a different respiration rate.
B. Suggestion
From the lab that has been done, there are some suggestions
that may be useful in the future, namely:
1. The laboratory should provide adequate materials, such as
starch solution and sprouts extract enough for all groups.
2. The practitioner should be very clever divide tasks within the
group so that time can be streamlined because this lab
requires a relatively long time.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abercrombie, M, dkk. 1993. Kamus Lengkap Biologi. Jakarta :
Erlangga.
Anonim. 2014. Respirasi. http://wikipedia. Accessed on January 26th
2015.
Pradana, Subhan. 2009. Respirasi.
http://hedisasrawan.blogspot.com. Accessed on January 26th
2015.

Soewolo, dkk. 2003. Fisiologi Manusia . Malang : JICA.

Suryani, Yuni. 2004. Biologi sel dan molekuler. Yogyakarta : JICA.
Tim Pengajar. 2009. Penuntun Praktikum Biologi Dasar. Makassar :
Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNM.

ANSWER THE QUESTION

1. What is the function of KOH are wrapped in cotton wool?
Answer: The function of KOH that is wrapped with cotton
binding / absorb the CO2 released by the organism in vitro
respirometer.

2. Why

methyl

blue-shifted

in

the

direction

of

the

hole

respirometer (inward)?
Answer: Methyl blue-shifted in the direction of the tube
respirometer as CO2 (gas) that are in the respirometer tubes
tied continues by KOH crystals in cotton and O2 in a
respirometer tube continues to be absorbed by the organism to
produce the pressure that causes the methyl blue shifted
inward.