THEORY QP-M1

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1. The penetrating ability of gamma rays is govern by:

a) wavelength.
b) time.
c) activity.
d) source to film distance.
2. Fluorescent screens used in industrial radiography are usually used to:
a) improve definition in radiographic images.
b) improve contrast in radiographic images.
c) decrease exposure time.
d) make film with multi million volt radiation.
3. How do lead screens intensify the radiographic image?
a) By emitting alpha particles to which the film is sensitive.
b) By emitting beta particles to which the film is sensitive.
c) By filtering out all scatter radiation.
d) By partially filtering out scatter radiation.
4. The degree of difference between adjacent density fields is term:
a) radiographic contrast.
b) radiographic sensitivity.
c) radiographic density.
d) radiographic definition.
5. What be the result if a film is placed in a developer solution and allowed to develop without any
agitation and tapping?
a) The radiograph will exhibit dichroic fog.
b) It will be impossible to fix the radiograph permanently.
c) Yellow fog will appear over the entire radiograph.
d) Bromide streaking and white spots may result.
6. A standard radiograph of a weld containing inclusion of a lower density (weight per unit volume)
than the weld metal, these will appear as:
a) dark intermittent or continuous lines.
b) light irregular lines.
c) either dark or light spots.
d) dark spots.
7. It is duty of a radiographic interpreter to:
a) only accept or reject the parts being radiographs, depending on what flaws are present.
b) only accept or reject the radiographs depending on their quality and applicability to the subject
being radiograph.
c) interpreted the radiographs in accordance with the contract specifications and any applicable
procedure.
d) modify existing contract radiographic specification to suit the quality of the radiographs which
are being submitted.
8. Calcium tungstate screens in direct contact with radiograph film:
a) intensify the scatter radiation more than primary radiation.

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b) decrease the sensitivity of the radiographic image, when compare to a bare film taken at the
correct exposure.
c) improve radiographic contrast.
d) should not be used when x-ray are being used.
9. Radiographic sensitivity, in the context of the minimum detectable flaw size, depend on:
a) graininess of the film.
b) the unsharpness of the flaw image in the film.
c) the contrast of the image in the film.
d) all three of the above.
10. Accidental exposure of radiographic film to gamma ray source will most likely result in:
a) a fogged film.
b) an increase in radiographic contrast.
c) light spots over the film.
d) a yellow stain.
11. Black crescent shaped marks on an exposed radiographic film will most likely have resulted from:
a) crimping the film after exposure.
b) crimping the film before exposure.
c) sudden extreme temperature changes while processing.
d) warm of exhausted fixer.
12. Reticulation resulting in a puckered or netlike film surface is probably caused by:
a) crimping film after exposure.
b) sudden extreme temperature change while processing.
c) water or developer on unprocessed film.
d) excessive object to film distance.
13. An IQI on the source side of the object is used to indicate:
a) the quality of the radiographic technique.
b) the density of the film.
c) the amount of film contrast.
d) the exact size of flaws in the part.
14. Fluorometallic intensifying screens will:
a) partially filter out scatter radiation.
b) transform x-ray energy into visible or ultraviolet to which photographic emulsion is sensitive.
c) decrease the graininess of the image when using gamma rays.
d) both (a) and (b) are true.
15. A double wall exposure requires the sensitivity to be assessed:
a) by taking only one wall thickness into account when calculating sensitivity.
b) by taking both wall thickness into account when calculating sensitivity.
c) by using the penumbra formula.
16. Very slow radiographic film:
a) are low contrast film.
b) are usually high contrast film.

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c) display a characteristic curve to the left of faster film if superimposed onto the same graph.
d) give grainy appearance to the final radiograph.
17. Why is replenisher added to a developer solution?
a) To harden the emulsion.
b) To keep the activity of the developer relatively stable.
c) To improve subject contrast.
d) To prevent yellow fog.
18. Black drying marks on radiographs can be minimized by:
a) using a fresh fixer solution.
b) cascading water during the rinse cycle.
c) rapid drying of wet film.
d) immersing wet film for one or two seconds in a wetting agent tank prior to drying.
19. The small area in the x-ray tube from which the x-radiation emerges from is called the:
a) filament.
b) focal spot.
c) cathode.
d) focusing cap.
20. Density is a logarithmic ratio of:
a) 10 candelas of transmitted light compared to the incident light.
b) the incident light divided by the transmitted light.
c) the reflected light compared to the transmitted light.
d) 10 lux divided by the transmitted light coming through the radiograph in the area of interest.
21. Two different gamma isotope type, e.g. Co 60 and Ir 192, of same activity:
a) will produce different wavelengths of radiation.
b) will produce the same intensity and wavelength of radiation.
c) will produce the same qualities but may produce different intensities of radiation.
d) will require the same radiographic exposure to produce the same density on resultant
radiographs.
22. How may the presence of back scatter be determined:
a) By using an IQI.
b) By using densitometer.
c) By attaching lead symbol to the back of film cassette and exposing the film.
d) It is not possible to detect the presence of back scatter.
23. What is the purpose of the stop bath during manual film processing?
a) To change the expose silver salt to black metallic silver.
b) To eliminate water spot and streaks.
c) To neutralize the developer and stop the developing process.
d) None of the above.
24. How is it possible to compensate for a large x-ray tube focal spot size to reduce penumbra?
a) Increase the kilovoltage.
b) Use lead screens.

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c) Increase the specimen to film distance.

d) None of the above will reduce penumbra.
25. Calcium tungstate screens used in industrial radiography are usually used to:
a) improve definition in radiographic images.
b) improve contrast in radiographic images.
c) decrease exposure time.
d) make films with multi million volt radiation.
26. The penetrating ability of gamma rays is governed by:
a) their wavelength.
b) exposure time.
c) milliamperage.
d) source to film distance.
27. The two most common causes for excessively high density radiographs are:
a) insufficient washing and over development.
b) contaminated fixer and insufficient washing.
c) over exposure and contaminated fixer.
d) over exposure and over development.
28. When radiography apart which contains a large crack, they will appear on the radiograph as:
a) a dark, intermitted or continuous line.
b) a light, irregular line.
c) either a dark or light line.
d) a fogged area on the radiograph.
29. When struck by x-rays or gamma rays, lead screens emitted:
a) alpha particles.
b) beta particles.
c) fast neutrons.
d) ultra violet light.
30. The ability to detect a small discontinuity of defect on a radiograph is called:
a) radiographic contrast.
b) radiographic sensitivity.
c) radiographic density.
d) radiographic definition.