Preview Test: Test 4:

7/7/14 5:20 PM

Preview Test: Test 4: Landforms

Description This test covers the physical geography of landforms you will see at Earth's

surface that result from processes of weathering, mass wasting, rivers and
glaciers. Thus, this test is based on the lectures and readings associated
with lectures starting with "Diastrophism vs. Degradation" and ending with
"Glacial Landforms".

Instructions Select the best answer for each question.

Timed Test This test has a time limit of 1 hour.This test will save and submit automatically when the
time expires.
Warnings appear when half the time, 5 minutes, 1 minute, and 30 seconds
remain.[The timer does not appear when previewing this test]
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Question 1

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An asymmetrical hill of bedrock in the accumulation zone of a glacier typically has what
features on the up-glacier side? What is this hill called? Why do these features occur only on
the up-glacier side? Select the option that best answers these questions.
a.

b.

c.

The hill is called a pingo, and they usually occur in sets of a dozen or more. Pingos
typically display a botryoidal texture in the bedrock that is produced when the
glacier ice abrades the drumlin.
The hill is called a stoss and lee. These hills typically display grooves in the
bedrock and glacial polish that is produced when the glacier-carried sand and
boulders abraded the hill.
The hill is called a rouche mountenee, and they usually occur in sets of a dozen or
more. Rouche mountenees typically display a botryoidal texture in the bedrock that
is produced when the glacier ice abrades the drumlin.

d.

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Page 1 of 19

The hill is called a drumlin, and they usually occur in sets of a dozen or more.
Drumlins typically display a botryoidal texture in the bedrock that is produced when
the glacier ice abrades the drumlin.

Question
2

At glacial maximum, large areas of the

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were exposed to air. Select

the best

answer to fill in the blank.

a. continental shelf
b. sand dunes
c.
d.

pingos
subduction zones

Question
1 points
3
Long (several football fields), narrow cigar-shaped hills called
indicate the direction of a(n)
glacier.

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can

a. lateral moraines; continental

b. stoss and lee; alpine

c. pingos; continental
d.

Question
4

drumlins; continental

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Glacial crevasses are

in a glacier. The can form by
or
. Please select the best answers that fills in these blanks.
a.

holes; places where strong winds erode holes in the glacier; places where
meltwater erodes holes in the glacier

summer

b.
c.

pinnacles; encountering an ice fall; encountering an under-glacier lake

fractures; places where strong winds erode linear fractures in the glacier; places
where summer meltwater erodes linear fractures in the glacier
d. fractures; extension of ice; compression of ice

Question
5

points

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Today, you can drive from Salt Lake City, Utah, to Reno, Nevada straight across flat
desert grabens.
How did this change in the last ice age?
a.

the grabens were filled glacial loess

b.

the grabens were filled with forests that could grow due to the colder and wetter
climate
c.
d.

the grabens were filled to glacial ice

the grabens were filled with giant lakes

Question
6

The last ice age started about

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years ago, sending Earth into a series of

year-long cycles between glacial and interglacial fluctuations. Fill in the blanks
with the best answers.
a.

10,000; 100,000

b.

2.5 million; 100,000 year long

c.
d.

4.5 billion; 1 million

100,000; 10,000

Question
1 points
7
What changes as snow undergoes a metamorphosis to glacial ice?

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a.
b.

the specific humidity of the air bubbles increases over time as this change
the content of air bubbles gradually increases

c.
d.

occurs

the color transitions from the white of snow to the purple of glacial ice
the density gradually increases

Question
1 points Save Answer
8
What is at the bottom of an alpine glacier that would allow it to move fast?
a. a combination of melt water and pulverized rock (silt)
b.

c.

d.

ice that suddenly melts when it encounters a hot zone caused by the pressure of
a thick glacier, and then the ice that suddenly refreezes when it leaves these hot
zones
a mixture of ice and boulders of rock that have been plucked out of the base
the glacier

of

ice that suddenly melts when it encounters a hot zone caused by the pressure of a
thick glacier

Question
1 points Save Answer
9
Stone rings, pingoes, and rock glaciers and other
activity became more
common during ice ages. Select the best answer to fill in the blank.
a. spodosolic
b.

fluvial

c. periglacial
d. colluvial

Question
10

points

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ASU students come from all over the world. Many come from places that are cold (e.g.
northeastern USA; Washington State). So this question is about these locations. Long
Island

and Cape Code in the northeastern USA and hills in eastern Washington are made
up of glacial till. What do these ridges of till in these places tell you about what this
place was like in the last ice age?
a.

They tell you the maximum extent of lakes that used to be in front of these ice caps -that the shorelines of these ancient lakes left behind these sand dunes that formed on
the margins of the ancient lake shorelines.

b. They tell you the maximum extent of lakes that used to be in front of these ice
caps - that the shorelines of these ancient lakes left behind these beach ridges.
c. They tell you the maximum extent of the ice caps -- that the ice cap reached

these places and left behind these end moraines.

d.

They tell you the maximum extent of the ice caps -- that the ice cap reached these
places and left behind these glacial trimlines.

Question 11
1 points Save Answer
What is a major difference between how a glacial tributary meets the main
glacier and how a stream tributary meets the main stream?
a.

b.

c.

d.

Smaller glacial tributaries meet a main glacier at angles smaller than 30

degrees, but rivers tend to meet at larger angles approaching right angles of
90 degrees.
Smaller glacial tributaries meet a main glacier at right angles, but rivers tend
meet at much smaller angles of less than 30 degrees.

Smaller glacial tributaries meet a main glacier at their base, but rivers meet at their
top surfaces.
Smaller glacial tributaries meet a main glacier at their top surfaces, but rivers
at the bottom of their channels.

Question
12

The
separates the accumulation zone and the
best answer that fills in the blanks.
a.
b.

to

cirque line; morainal zone

equilibrium line; ablation zone

points

meet

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of a glacier. Select the

c.

medial line; morainal zone

trim line; morainal zone

d.

Question
1 points Save Answer
13
A large area of ice separates from the moving section of a continental glacier.
It stagnates and melts in place. What landforms would you expect to see?
a. lateral moraines, end moraines and a few recessional moraines
b. ground moraines; glacial flour; and drumlins

c. pingoes; stone stripes; and stone garlands

d. kames, kettles and eskers

Question
14

points

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You can see hanging valleys, fjords, patternoster lakes, and glacial staircases
landforms in association with the same basic feature. What is that feature?
a.
b.
c.
d.

glacial cirque
ablation zone of a glacier
morainal zone of a glacier
glacial trough

Question
15

points

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Louis Agassiz fought the general perception of the Catholic Church that giant boulders
in the Alps were caused by
, instead of glaciers. Select the best answer to
fill the blank.

a. massive landslides
b.
c.

invaders during the "crusades"

the actions of heretics

d. Noah's flood

Question
16

points

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The most popular explanation to explain glacial-interglacial cycles over timescales

of 100,000 years was proposed by Milankovitch over a century ago. What did
Milankovitch think changed over time to explain these glacial cycles?
a.

Eccentricity of Earth's orbit changes over time and influences the receipt of solar
radiation.

b. All of the other aspects were part of the hypothesis proposed by Milankovitch. Thus,
this is the best answer.
c. Precession of Earth's orbit changes over time and influences the receipt of
solar radiation.
d.

Obliquity of Earth's orbit changes over time and influences the receipt of solar
radiation.

Question 17

points

Loess is

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occurs on the occurs for several miles in front of ancient ice caps. In the
United States the largest area of loess can be found
. Fill in the blanks with the
best answer.

a. dust; in the midwest, particularly Iowa

b. pingos; in Michigan along the Arctic coast
c.

d.

Question
18

glacial meltwater outwash plains; in the northeastern USA, particularly

Hampshire

New

glacial meltwater outwash plains; in the lower Mississippi River Valley,

particularly Mississippi

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Fences and old tomstones twisted and tilting downhill give you visual clues that
what process is operating?

a.

debris flow

b.

rotational slump

c.

creep

d.

talus accumulation

Question 19
Before a rock on a cliff can fall, what must happen
first?

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points

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a. Detachment
b. Deposition of colluvium
c. Erosion
d. Rock fall

Question
20

The angular rocks on the southside of Tempe Butte (and the vast majority of other
similar mountains), are called
and are typically found on
.

a. colluvium; slopes where gravity transportation dominates

b. alluvium; places where rivers like the Salt River used to flow
c. strata; bedrock
d. calcrete; exposures protected from the sun

Question
21

points

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A slope that gets progressively steeper the higher it goes up towards the crest give
you visual clues that what process is operating?

a. overland flow of water

b. creep
c. debris flow

rotational slump

d.

Question
22

points

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points

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What process pushes a creeping soil particle away from the slope?
a. gravity
b. wetting
c. erosion
d. weathering

Question
23

Please examine this diagram. [Remember, the class logon is gph111 and the
password is gaia]

The question: This diagram portrays a particular type of water flow exchange
between a river channel and the surrounding landscape.
is the term used to
describe the type of flow in the diagram on the left. Select the best answer.
a. influent

b. effluent

c. perennial
d. baseflow

Question
24

The removal of groundwater from an aquifer often causes

. Please fill in the blanks with the best answers.
a. a rolling topography; viscous internal circulation currents
b. subsidence; dissolution
c. subsidence; compaction

d. a rolling topography; dissolution

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from

Question

25

points Save Answer

is a good example of a permeable layer. Please select the best answer

that fills in the blank.
a.

gravel

b. granite rock
c. mudstone
d. shale

Question

26

For overland flow to occur

best answer.
a.

points Save Answer

. Please complete the sentence with the

The vegetation has to be thick in order to keep the water from getting into the ground,
and hence it runs off as overland flow.

b. The rate of precipitation has to exceed the infiltration capacity of the soil.
c. The vegetation has to be removed to allow a conduit for water to infiltrate the
ground.
d.

Question

The ability of the soil to absorb precipitation has to exceed the rate of precipitation.
Both are typially measured in millimeters per hour.

27

points Save Answer

Please examine this diagram. [Remember, the class logon is gph111 and the password
is gaia]

The question: This diagram identifies stream orders. First-order tributaries are labeled
with a 1. Second-order tributaries are labeled with a 2. is the stream order of the
single question mark. Select the best answer.
Q27. The single question mark is a 2nd order stream. The double question mark is
a 3rd order stream. So read the question carefully in the test version you are taking
I.

Second order stream

II. Third order stream

III. A stream between second and third order
IV.

A fourth order stream

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Question
28

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is a major reason why higher drainage densities occur in deserts.

Please select the best answer that fills in the blank.
a. The low permeability of desert slopes

b. The convex-upward shape of desert slopes

c. The high permeability of desert slopes

d. The high infiltration rates of desert slopes

Question
29

points

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Please examine this diagram. [Remember, the class logon is gph111 and the
password is gaia]
The question: Each diagram shows the hydrograph for a river that occurs in different
environments. Which hydrograph would you expect to see in a desert stream or an
urban stream?
I. Any of these hydrographs could occur in a desert setting. Thus, the best answer
is all three.
II.

Hydrograph labeled B
III.

IV.

Hydrograph labeled A
Hydrograph labeled C

Question
1 points Save Answer
30
Explain the steps involved in how the oil or pesticide or some other
contaminant dumped in the desert away from the city gets into your drinking
water.
Q30. You should be able to figure this one out. And please report low-life subhumans to
the police who dump contaminants.
a. This is a "free" question. All I ask is that you report the low-life subhumans who do
this illegal and immoral activity to the police.
b.

This is a "free" question. All I ask is that you report the low-life subhumans who
do this illegal and immoral activity to the police.
c.

d.

This is a "free" question. All I ask is that you report the low-life subhumans who do
this illegal and immoral activity to the police.
People dump waste in a location where they think nobody will see, like in the
middle of the desert. As precipitation infiltrates into the ground, it carries the waste
with it to the water table. Then, when a city expands into the desert and new wells
are dug, people drink the contaminated water.

Question 31
abundant
vegetation.
Q31 and Q32 have
a pull-down menu
with different sorts
of answers. The
best way to study
for these is to
review this
presentation:
http://www.asu.edu
/courses/gph111/Br
eezeLectures/27Infi
ltrateOrNot/27Publi
shInOrOut/index.ht
m

Question 32
impermeable
slopes.

Question
33

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are best associated with a landscape of permeable slopes with

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is best associated with a desert landscape of

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Diastrophism produces relief on Earth's surface. Degradation reduces relief on

Earth's surface. This is a simple question about definitions and concepts. What
process is associated with degradation?

a. Normal faulting
b. Folding

c. Mineral decay (weathering)

d. Thrust faulting

Question 34
What role do joints play in weathering?
a.

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they relax the rock, dude, so it can decay in place without worrying about the
consequences
b. they are the ways that volcanic lava can emerge onto the surface to extrude basalt
flows
c.

they supply acids to decay hard rock

d.

they provide ways for water to penetrate into hard rock

Question
35

points

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Granite experiences chemical weathering from hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation, and

chelation. What evidence would you expect to see in the natural landscape (e.g. at South
Mountain, northern McDowell Mountains, Usery Mountains and other places in Arizona)
after these processes decayed granite?
a. grus and core stones
b. dolines, typically lined up in a linear sequence along joints
c. columnar jointing exposed inf aces
d. meter-thick pressure release shells

Question
36

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The jagged appearance of alpine scenery is usually attributed to what process?

a. diastrophism
b. volcanic processes and then the contraction that results after lava flows cool into
columns
c. dissolution
d. frost weathering

Question
37

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The rocks of the Sonoran Desert are commonly coated by such rock coatings as orange
iron films and black rock varnish. You can see these rock coatings on landscaping
boulders around the Tempe Campus and at Tempe Butte (A-Mountain). Where do the
ingredients of the rock coatings come from?

a.

They are "sweated" out of fresh minerals in the middle of the underlying rock by
the heat of the desert sun
b.

c.

They come from salt crystals that are blown up from agricultural fields the
surround the Phoenix area.
they come from the products of rock weathering

d.

They come from dust derived from the interaction of meteorites and comets
Earth's magnetic field.

Question
38

points

and

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In a desert landscape, what general process limits the speed of landscape degradation?
Put another way, WHAT FACTOR LIMITS THE RATE OF LANDSCAPE DENUDATION
(EROSION)
in a desert landscape:
a.

b.
c.

d.

the rate of transportation of the detached weathered particles

the rate of physical and chemical weathering detaching particles

the rate of overland flow that transports the detached weathered particles
the rate of erosion of the detached weathered particles

Question
39
Limestone reacts with

points

to form caves?

a. carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and calcium (Ca) in a dissolved form

b. carbonic acid (H2CO3)
c. calcium (Ca) and carbonate (CO3--)

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d.

bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Question 40

points

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points

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Karst landscapes are produced by what

process?
a.

Grussification of rocks like granite

b.
c.

Hydration of clay-bearing rocks like shale and schist.

Oxidation of iron-beaching rocks like basalt.

d. Dissolution of rocks like limestone.

Question 41
How would a rising base level influence deposition in a stream?

a. Rise base level would cause deposition of sediment by the stream

b. Rising base level would cause the stream to incise and develop stream

terraces

c. Rising base level would do nothing to a stream.

d. Rising base level would cause the stream to become more braided.

Question
42

points

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When the Grand Canyon formed, the base level of every tributary upstream
was
resulting in freezing the pattern of streams in the form of
in the blanks with the best answers.

a. sent in avulsions; abandoned oxbow lakes

b. dropped; entrenched meanders
c. buried by sediment; distributary drainages
d. raised; deltas

. Fill

Question
1 points Save Answer
43
Oxbow lakes tell you something about the history of a stream. What?
a.the location where an aquiclude meets the effluent outflow from the stream
b.the location where groundwater recharge emerges as baseflow
c. the next position of the stream channel
d.the former position of the stream channel

Question
44

points

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One of these characteristics does NOT fit a meandering stream. Which one?

lots of silt and clay on banks

islands in the middle of the channel
common in humid areas
deep depth and narrow width, hence low width:depth ratio
a.lots of silt and clay on banks
b.islands in the middle of the channel
c. deep depth and narrow width, hence low width:depth ratio
d.common in humid areas

Question
1
45
What is the connection between bankfull discharge and avulsions?

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a. avulsions occur when the discharge is high enough in a flood so that the stream gets
out of its banks, and then settles down into a new course after the flood recedes
b. avulsions are positively correlated with the discharge of a stream found between the
banks, using the Chezy manning equation
c. avulsions do not occur when discharge is below the bank and water seeps through the
sandy river bottom
d.

avulsions occur when the discharge erodes the sides of the stream banks

Question 46

points

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In the Chezy-Manning
equation

where V is velocity, S is the slope, Rh is hydraulic radius, n is roughness and K is

constant, how would you change the roughness of the streambed to slow the velocity
of a stream?

a. increase the roughness

b. decrease the roughness
c. shorten the roughness
d. lengthen the roughness

Question
1 points
47
Ephemeral flowing rivers are associated with what physical geography system
components?

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a. flows during wet seasons; flows when water table is high; found in semi-arid
b. flows when it rains hard; the water table is always below the channel; found in
deserts
c.

flows year round; discharge supplied by base level; found in wet climates
d.

flows year round; discharge supplied in part by base flow; found in deserts

areas

Question

48

points

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In the Chezy-Manning equation

where V is velocity, S is the slope, Rh is hydraulic radius, n is roughness and K is

constant, how would you change S to slow the velocity of a stream?
a.

decrease the slope

b.

lengthen the slope

c.

shorten the slope

d.

increase the slope

Question 49
Suspended load in streams are typically composed of:

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points

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a. gravel
b. clay and silt
c. hard water

d. sand

Question 50
In the Chezy-Manning
equation

where V is velocity, S is the slope, Rh is hydraulic radius, n is roughness and K is a

constant.

You have a job as a town planner, and you want to increase the velocity of the stream
to move it fast through your town. You think about the variables in Mannings
equation. You decide it would be easiest to increase the velocity of a stream by:

a. decrease the hydraulic radius of the stream by making the channel wide and

shallow

increase the roughness of the steram

decrease the slope of the stream
increase the hydraulic radius of the stream by making the channel deep and

narrow

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