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4. 4. Tsunami "Wave Train"Many people have the mistaken belief thattsunamis are
single waves. They are not.Instead tsunamis are "wave trains" consistingof
multiple waves. The chart below is a tidalgauge record from Onagawa, Japan
beginningat the time of the 1960 Chile earthquake. Timeis plotted along the
horizontal axis and waterlevel is plotted on the vertical axis. Note thenormal rise
and fall of the ocean surface,caused by tides, during the early part of thisrecord.
Then recorded are a few waves a littlelarger than normal followed by several
muchlarger waves. In many tsunami events theshoreline is pounded by repeated
large waves.
5. 5. Cosmic impacts Submarine landslides Seismic activities Heavy
rainfall Icefalls Volcanic eruptions
earthquakes occur beneath the see, the water above the deformed area is
displayed from its equilibrium position..Waves are formed as the displaced water
mass, which acts under the influence of gravity, attempts to regain its equilibrium
10. 10. Accumulated Seismic EnergyAs the stuck plate continues to descend into the
mantlethe motion causes a slow distortion of the overriding plage.The result is an
accumulation of energy very similar to theenergy stored in a compressed spring.
Energy canaccumulate in the overriding plate over a long period oftime - decades
or even centuries.
11. 11. Tsunamis occur most frequently in the PacificOcean, but are a global
phenomenon; they are possiblewherever large bodies of water are found,
including inland lakes, wherethey can be caused by landslides.Japan is a nation
with the most recordedtsunamis in the world. The earliest recorded disaster
being thatof the 684 A.D.
12. 12. .Tsunami is one of the earths disaster. It was a Japanese wordmeaning
harbor wave, used as the scientific term for a classof abnormal sea wave that
can cause catastrophicdamage when it hits a coastline..Tsunamis can be
generated by an undersea earthquake,an undersea landslide, the eruption of an
undersea volcano,or by the force of an asteroid crashing into the ocean.
13. 13. It caused the entire planet to vibrate by as much as 1 cm (0.5 inches), and
triggered other earthquakes as far away as Alaska. This earthquake had the
longest duration, that is lasted for the longest amount of time, ever observed,
lasting approximately 10 minutes. The magnitude of the earthquake was 9.3 on
the Richter scale. The earthquake that caused the Sumatran tsunami is the
second largest to ever be recorded on a seismograph.
14. 14. A 10 year old tourist named Tilly Smith, who had studied tsunamis at school,
noticed the receding tide and frothing bubbles, and told her parents there was
going to be a tsunami. Her parents told the rest of the beach and everyone was
evacuated safely. There were no Tsunami Warning Systems in the Indian
Ocean on the 26th December 2004. Had there had been, many lives could have
been saved.
15. 15. View of a Tsunami Taken By A Satellite
16. 16. By Impact Events like Meteorite impacts By Volcanic Eruptions. By The
Landslides. Mainly By The Earthquakes. GENERATION OF TSUNAMIS A
Tsunami is generated when a large amount of water is displaced which is done-:
17. 17. Large vertical movements of earths crust can occur at plate boundaries
which are called faults. The Sea floor abruptly deforms and displaces the sea
water lying above. Earthquakes The Major Cause
18. 18. The fast-moving water associated with the inundating tsunami can crush
homes and other coastal structures. For a typical ocean Depth of 4000m, a
tsunami moves with a speed about 700km/hr. Tsunamis may reach a maximum
vertical height onshore above sea level, often called a run up height, of 10, 20,
and even 30 meters.
21. 21. An earthquake felt near a body of water may be considered an indication that
a tsunami will shortly follow. Often no advance warning of an approaching
Tsunami Signs Of An Approaching Tsunami
22. 22. Tsunami warning system alert the people before the wave reaches the
shore Tsunami walls for the reduction in the damage. Early warnings come
from the nearby animals as they sense danger and flee to higher grounds.
WARNINGS AND PREVENTION
23. 23. WHO estimates five million people are without basic needs. In Thailand,
more than 4,000 are feared dead and dozens of deaths are reported in Malaysia,
Myanmar and Maldives. Around 10,000 killed in India. Tsunami death toll
tops 118,000.
24. 24. Calong, A land of 13,000 vaporized by Tsunami
25. 25. The Tsunami That Struck Thailand OnDecember 26, 2004
26. 26. Still working for the betterment of the victims. Highly successful because of
the close and constant involvement of the affected communities. Building
enough homes to accommodate five families a week. Responded to the
emergency in hours. The Islamic Relief
27. 27. New houses were provided. ITC distributed over 1 lakh shirts to the victims.
Rice, mats, medicines were provided. Donations done under the Prime
Minister Relief Fund. RELIEF WORKS IN INDIA
28. 28. Stay out of low lying danger areas until an all-clear is issued by competent
authority. Never go down to the shore to watch tsunami. Stay away from all low
lying coastal areas. Tsunami warnings can be made to aware peoples. Loss of
life and property can be reduced by proper planning.