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Einstein at Lincoln

Did Einstein speak about racism at Lincoln University? Here is the text of the email:

Heres something you probably dont know about Albert Einstein. In 1946, the Nobel
Prize-winning physicist traveled to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, the alma
mater of Langston Hughes and Thurgood Marshall and the first school in America to
grant college degrees to blacks. At Lincoln, Einstein gave a speech in which he
called racism "a disease of white people," and added, "I do not intend to be quiet
about it." He also received an honorary degree and gave a lecture on relativity to
Lincoln students.

In fact, many significant details are missing from the numerous studies of Einsteins
life and work, most of them having to do with Einstein's opposition to racism and his
relationships with African Americans.

Einstein continued to support progressive causes through the 1950s, when the
pressure of anti-Communist witch hunts made it dangerous to do so. Another
example of Einstein using his prestige to help a prominent African American
occurred in 1951, when the 83-year-old W.E.B. Du Bois, a founder of the NAACP, was
indicted by the federal government for failing to register as a "foreign agent" as a
consequence of circulating the pro-Soviet Stockholm Peace Petition. Einstein offered
to appear as a character witness for Du Bois, which convinced the judge to drop the
case.

In the wake of the monumental effort to digitize Einstein's life and genius for the
masses, let's hope that more of us will acknowledge Einstein's greatness as a
champion of human and civil rights for African-Americans as one of his greatest
contributions to the world.

Origins: The e-mail reproduced above is an excerpt from a 2007 Harvard University
Gazette article about a talk given by Fred Jerome and Rodger Taylor, authors of the
2006 book Einstein on Race and Racism. As related in that article, Jerome and Taylor
undertook their effort in order to "recognize and correct many significant details
missing from the numerous studies of Einstein's life and work, most of them having
to do with Einstein's opposition to racism and his relationships with African
Americans:

Nearly fifty years after his death, Albert Einstein remains one of America's foremost
cultural icons. A thicket of materials, ranging from scholarly to popular, have been
written, compiled, produced, and published about his life and his teachings. Among
the ocean of Einsteinia scientific monographs, biographies, anthologies,
bibliographies, calendars, postcards, posters, and Hollywood films however, there
is a peculiar void when it comes to the connection that the brilliant scientist had
with the African American community. Virtually nowhere is there any mention of his
relationship with Paul Robeson, despite Einsteins close friendship with him, or
W.E.B. Du Bois, despite Einsteins support for him.

This unique book is the first to bring together a wealth of writings by Einstein on the
topic of race. Although his activism in this area is less well known than his efforts on
behalf of international peace and scientific cooperation, he spoke out vigorously
against racism both in the United States and around the world.
In May 1946, Einstein made a rare public appearance outside of Princeton, New
Jersey (where he lived and worked in the latter part of his life), when he traveled to
the campus of Pennsylvania's Lincoln University, the United States' first degreegranting black university, to take part in a ceremony conferring upon him the
honorary degree of doctor of laws. Prior to accepting that degree, he delivered a
ten-minute speech to the assembled audience in which he called upon the United
States to take a leading role in preventing another world war and denounced the
practice of segregation. Because mainstream U.S. newspapers reported little or
nothing about the event, a full transcript of Einstein's speech that day does not
exist the only existing record of his words is a few excerpts pieced together from
quotes reproduced in coverage by the black press:
The only possibility of preventing war is to prevent the possibility of war.
International peace can be achieved only if every individual uses all of his power to
exert pressure on the United States to see that it takes the leading part in world
government.

The United Nations has no power to prevent war, but it can try to avoid another war.
The U.N. will be effective only if no one neglects his duty in his private environment.
If he does, he is responsible for the death of our children in a future war.

My trip to this institution was in behalf of a worthwhile cause. There is a separation


of colored people from white people in the United States. That separation is not a
disease of colored people. It is a disease of white people. I do not intend to be quiet
about it.

The situation of mankind today is like that of a little child who has a sharp knife and
plays with it. There is no effective defense against the atomic bomb ... It can not
only destroy a city but it can destroy the very earth on which that city stood.
As the authors of Einstein on Race and Racism noted, Einstein's comments about
segregation at Lincoln University reflected his own experiences in both his native
Germany and his adopted home in the United States and were part of a pattern of
his attempting to ameliorate the effects of discrimination:
According to Jerome and Taylor, Einsteins statements at Lincoln were by no means
an isolated case. Einstein, who was Jewish, was sensitized to racism by the years of
Nazi-inspired threats and harassment he suffered during his tenure at the University
of Berlin. Einstein was in the United States when the Nazis came to power in 1933,
and, fearful that a return to Germany would place him in mortal danger, he decided
to stay, accepting a position at the recently founded Institute for Advanced Study in
Princeton, N.J. He became an American citizen in 1940.
But while Einstein may have been grateful to have found a safe haven, his gratitude
did not prevent him from criticizing the ethical shortcomings of his new home.

"Einstein realized that African Americans in Princeton were treated like Jews in
Germany," said Taylor. "The town was strictly segregated. There was no high school
that blacks could go to until the 1940s."

Einsteins response to the racism and segregation he found in Princeton (Paul


Robeson, who was born in Princeton, called it "the northernmost town in the South")
was to cultivate relationships in the town's African-American community. Jerome and
Taylor interviewed members of that community who still remember the whitehaired, disheveled figure of Einstein strolling through their streets, stopping to chat
with the inhabitants, and handing out candy to local children.

One woman remembered that Einstein paid the college tuition of a young man from
the community. Another said that he invited Marian Anderson to stay at his home
when the singer was refused a room at the Nassau Inn.

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