You are on page 1of 7

TYPES OF ROCKS

Igneous rock -(derived from the Latin word igneus meaning of fire, from ignis meaning
fire) forms through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. This magma can be
derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.
Typically, the melting of rocks is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in
temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition.
Sedimentary rocks-are formed at the earth's surface by the accumulation and
cementation of fragments of earlier rocks, minerals, and organisms or as chemical
precipitates and organic growths in water (sedimentation). This process
causes clastic sediments (pieces of rock) or organic particles (detritus) to settle and
accumulate, or for minerals to chemically precipitate (evaporite) from a solution. The
particulate matter then undergoes compaction and cementation during at moderate
temperatures and pressures (diagenesis).
Metamorphic rocks-are formed by subjecting any rock typesedimentary rock, igneous
rock or another older metamorphic rockto
different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was
formed. This process is called metamorphism; meaning to "change in form". The result is
a profound change in physical properties and chemistry of the stone. The original rock,
known as the protolith, transforms into other mineral types or other forms of the same
minerals, by recrystallization.[3] The temperatures and pressures required for this process
are always higher than those found at the Earth's surface: temperatures greater than 150 to
200 C and pressures of 1500 bars.[6] Metamorphic rocks compose 27.4% of the crust by
volume.

INDUSTRY OF ROCKS
Piedra Systems Incorporated-started in 1993 as Piedra Product Systems under Rebtrade
International Corporation. From being a product line it rapidly became a strong leader in
the manufactured stone veneer industry. Manufactured Stones With the solid reputation
for innovation and high quality products, Piedra Product Systems evolved into an
independent organization. In 1998, Piedra Systems Incorporated was established taking
its name to high level of products. The company devised and reinforced its goal to meet
the increasing demands for cultured stones and other decorative stone finishes. Piedra
Systems Incorporation has invested considerably in research and development providing
continuous product development and monitoring to ensure that its product consistently
meets high quality standard needed by its clients and its industry. Piedra Systems, Inc. is
guided with TRUST and COMMITMENT in providing reliable products, SAFETY to our

people and to the environment. RESPECT the needs and requirement of our customers
and excellent PERFORMANCE in both products and services. With that foundation,
Piedra Sytems Inc. will continue to provide products of superior quality, excellent
innovations and commitment to serve the needs of every client worldwide.
Rock Energy-Established in 1997, Rock Energy International Corporation began its
minerals and bulk logistics services with its own importation of 8,000 metric tons of coal.
By the end of year 2007 the annual volume of coal sold by the company reached an
average of 140,000 metric tons. Since then the company had gained the trust of the better
and leading companies in various industries that uses coal as a source of energy in their
manufacturing process.
In year 2009, Rock Energy acquired and developed a fully covered coal storage facility
for 8,000 metric tons; this is known as Coal Store 1. This facility provides added
confidence to small boiler users (SBU). Customers are assured of relative stable and dry
coal especially during the rainy season. In addition, RockEnergy developed a coal
discharging port known as Store 2. This coal discharging facility can handle barges up to
5,000 metric tons. The storage area of 7,000 square meters known as Coal Store 2 can
handle up to 20,000 metric tons of coal or other dry bulk minerals.

PROPERTIES OF ROCKS
Porosity- is a measure of how much of a rock is open space. This space can be between
grains or within cracks or cavities of the rock.
Hardness-is a measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent
shape change when a compressive force is applied.
Abrasivity- is a method for measuring the abrasive effect that the components of the
toothpaste have on the tooth, particularly on enamel and dentin. It involves using
standardized abrasives compared against the test sample.
Durability-the ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage.
Deformability-To alter the shape of by pressure or stress.
Permeability-in fluid mechanics and the earth sciences (commonly symbolized as , or
k) is a measure of the ability of a porous material (often, a rock or an unconsolidated
material) to allow fluids to pass through it.
Tensile strength-the resistance of a material to breaking under tension.

IMPORTANCE OF ROCK
Rocks have a broad range of uses that makes them significantly important to
human life. For instance, rocks are used in construction, for manufacturing substances
and making medicine and for the production of gas. Rocks are also extremely vital to
scientists as they provide clues about the Earths history.
Rocks can broadly be classified into three categories: sedimentary, igneous and
metamorphic rocks. These classes, which are based on the rock's origin, determine the
structure and use of the rock.
Rocks are important in the making of many objects, such as plates, jewelry and
toothpaste. Most houses are also built of materials obtained from rocks. Some of the most
valuable rocks used in the manufacturing of items include graphite, slate, limestone,
gypsum and pyrite. These types of rocks help in the production of stationery and the
building of houses. Coal, which is an organic rock made mainly from plant materials, has
various uses. It can be used in the production of gas, and its residue is used in making
plastics and several synthetic materials.
Rock mining provides employment opportunities for casual workers, especially in
places where formal jobs are difficult to find. Rocks contribute greatly to the economy of
a country or region where they are found. Rocks are also used in the medicine industry.
Bismuth is helpful for people with stomach upsets, while silver is used in the
manufacturing of dental equipment.

USAGE OF ROCK
Many of the rocks of the Earth's crust are extremely useful. Some are quarried for use in
construction and road building. All hard rocks can be used directly as building stone.
These include nearly all igneous and metamorphic rocks, such as granite and slate. Since
rocks used for building are bulky and low in value, they tend to be used in areas close to
where they outcrop. Other rocks are used as industrial raw materials. Rocks widely used
in manufacturing processes include;

Home furnitures

Building and Stablishment

Monuments and Sculptures

Jewelries and Accessories

OTHER INFORMATION
Does soapstone lather like soap?
Soapstone is a typically gray, bluish, green or brown colored metamorphic rock made
primarily of talc, with varying amounts of chlorite, micas, amphiboles, carbonates and
other minerals. It gets its name from its soapy feel and softness but does not 'lather'. It
is a very soft stone but also dense and heat resistant. It has been used for carving, making
cook ware, countertops, tiles, wall panels, woodstoves, and as molds for casting metal
objects.
What is Scoria?
Scoria is a dark-colored igneous rock with abundant round bubble-like cavities called
vesicles. It ranges in color from black or dark gray to deep reddish brown. Small pieces
look like the ash produced in a coal furnace resulting in particles of scoria being called
"cinders" and the small volcanoes that erupt scoria to be called "cinder cones".
What is a Petoskey Stone?
Petoskey stone formed by the fossilization of an ancient coral, hexagonaria. and are
found in the Gravel Point Formation of the Traverse Group. They are fragments of a coral
reef originally deposited during the Devonian period, about 350 million years ago. The
name Petoskey is a derivation of the name Pet-O-Sega, the name given to the son of a
Frenchman who married an Ottawa Indian princess and later became the tribes' chief.
Why do some rocks glow in the dark?
Some minerals fluoresce under UV light due to impurities known as activators. The
activator absorbs ultraviolet radiation, and in reaction emits a combination of visible light
(color). Sometimes the activator electrons get stuck in their high-energy state and the
mineral will continue to glow after the UV light is switched off. This is called
phosphorescence. Common minerals that fluoresce are Calcite and Fluorite.

Is petrified wood really wood turned to stone?


The literal answer is that unless it turns to coal , it doesn't. Petrifaction consists of two
process: permineralization, where mineral rich water soaks into the wood and minerals
begin to precipitate out of the solution, and replacementwhere the wood itself begins to
disintegrate and minerals take the place of the original tissues.

INDUSTRIAL
MATERIALS AND
PROCESS
(ROCKS)
SUBMITTED BY:
BILUGAN, ABBYLYN
BARTOLO, MARGIE
JAVIER, MARY ROSE
LAMSEN, WILMINA
RAMOS, JERICO

SECORATA, KRIZZA JANE


TOLENTINO, JOHN MENARD

You might also like