1.

The basic elements of the nervous system are called:

neurons
2. As many as _____ neurons throughout the body are involved in the control of behaviour.
1 trillion
4. A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons is called:
Dendrite
5. An axon is a(n):
long, slim, tubelike structure extending from a neuron.
6. Terminal buttons are found at the end of:
Axons
7. Dendrite is to axon what _____ is to _____.
receiving; sending
8. Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses
when one neuron communicates with another?
Dendrite cell body axon
9. Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. A similar insulating function is
performed in the nervous system by the:
myelin sheath.
12. Regarding action potentials, which of the following statements is TRUE?
The action potential moves from one end of the axon to the other like a flame moving along a
fuse.
13. Regarding mirror neurons, which of the following statements is ACCURATE?
Mirror neurons are involved in empathy and language acquisition, but not in face recognition.
14. A synapse is a(n):
Gap
15. Which of the following statements regarding inhibitory messages is TRUE?
Inhibitory messages decrease the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
16. The reabsorption of neurotransmitters by a terminal button is termed as:
reuptake
17. Which neurotransmitter is described INCORRECTLY?
GABAan excitatory neurotransmitter inhibited by alcohol or tranquilizers
18. The neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in:

movement, attention, and learning.

19. The brain's special physical capacity for change is referred to as its
plasticity.
21. Which of the following is a role of the autonomic nervous system?
Monitors essential processes
22. Your brain has instructed your muscles to move so that you avoid an oncoming bicyclist.
Which division of the nervous system carried this information to your muscles?
Somatic Nervous System
24. Which of the following are the two integrated parts of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
27. Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for physiological symptoms
such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach?
Sympathetic
28. Who is relying most heavily on their mirror neurons?
Chie is taking a golf lesson from the local pro.
29. If a doctor told you that insufficient nutrients were being transported from your blood vessels
to your neurons, you might suspect from that the problem was in your ___________ cells.
glial
30. The nucleus of a neuron is located in the
Cell body
31. Which of the following best describes how information is transmitted within a neuron?
dendrite cell body axon
37. The physical space between two neurons is called the
synapse.
38. The neural message being delivered in a synaptic transmission is carried across the synaptic
gap by ___________ substances.
Chemical
40. ___________ is a neurotransmitter that is produced in insufficient amounts in many
Alzheimer's patients.
Acetylcholine
41. A neurotransmitter that plays a role Parkinson's disease is
Dopamine

42. Kenny is taking medication to help control some of the symptoms that he experiences from
Parkinson disease. If he is given too much of the medication, Kenny might start to exhibit
symptoms associated with
schizophrenia.
44. "Running has become an important part of my life. After a good three miles, I begin to feel
euphoric. This positive feeling stays with me most of the day." This runner is describing the
production of endorphins.
45. Which of the following neurotransmitter plays an important role in human bonding?
Oxytocin
46. Based on the research on oxytocin, if Julia finds herself in a stressful situation she is most
likely to
Call a friend
47. The practice of women bringing food to other women during times of crisis may have been
triggered by which neurotransmitter?
Oxytocin
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of glial cells?
They communicate messages within the nervous system.
You cannot fire a gun softly, or flush a toilet halfway. Like an action potential, gun fire and a
toilet's flush follow the _____ law.
All-or-none
The state in which there is a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts within a neuron is
known as the _____ state.
Resting
Walter has a degenerative condition that eats away at his myelin sheath. We can expect that his
cognitive abilities will
decrease in proficiency.
The all-or-nothing principle refers to
Action Potentials
Neurotransmitters are stored in
Terminal Buttons
A neurotransmitter that plays a role Parkinson's disease is
dopamine.
Depression is associated with low levels of what neurotransmitter?
Serotonin

Which division of the nervous system is composed of all the

sensory and motor nerves?
Peripheral nervous system
After finishing a psychology test, you try to relax by engaging in
some meditation techniques. Doing these exercises should
increase the response of the ___________ nervous system and
result in slower heart and respiration rates and less muscular
tension.
Parasympathetic
At a job interview, you broke out into a cold sweat and felt your
heart pounding. These symptoms were most likely produced by
your ___________ nervous system.
Sympathetic
Which of the following is true for when a neuron is in its resting state?
The fluid outside the axon has a positive charge.
You are sitting in a public place next to a new acquaintance to whom you are attracted. You feel this person's
hand touch yours. You move your hand to return the gesture. Your heart beats faster, and you feel "butterflies"
in your stomach. Your hand movement was initiated by your ___________ nervous system, while your
increased heart rate and stomach contractions were initiated by your ___________ nervous system
somatic; autonomic
___________ can be defined as neurons that communicate only with other neurons.
Interneurons
At the end of the axon, at each synapse, is a(n) _________ containing tiny sacs of neurotransmitters
terminal button
A cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons is called:
dendrite.
At a job interview, you broke out into a cold sweat and felt your heart pounding. These symptoms were most
likely produced by your ___________ nervous system.
Sympathetic

Within the brain, ____________ receive, integrate, and generate messages.

Neurons
The axons of some neurons are wrapped in a fatty ____________.
myelin sheath

Depression is associated with low levels of what neurotransmitter?

Serotonin
When a neuron is at rest, the charge difference between the inside and the outside of the axon is -70 millivolts
(mV). This value is the __________ of the neuronal membrane.
resting potential

The _______________ serves the involuntary systems of the body, such as the internal organs and glands.
autonomic nervous system

Sarah has major depressive disorder. The medication she takes to treat her symptoms likely increases the
availability of ____________ in her brain.
Serotonin

If a doctor told you that insufficient nutrients were being transported from your blood vessels to your neurons,
you might suspect from that the problem was in your ___________ cells.
Glial

_______________ is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Glutamate

___________ is a neurotransmitter that is produced in insufficient amounts in many Alzheimer's patients.

Acetylcholine
The all-or-nothing principle refers to
action potentials.
Of the following, ____________ is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
GABA
Which neurotransmitter is described INCORRECTLY?
GABAan excitatory neurotransmitter inhibited by alcohol or tranquilizers
A(n) _______________ contains a nucleus and other components needed for cell maintenance and function.
Soma
______ can be defined as the chemically charged particles that predominate in bodily fluids and are found both
inside and outside cells.
Ions

A neurotransmitter that plays a role Parkinson's disease is

Dopamine

The basic elements of the nervous system are called:

Neurons

At a job interview, you broke out into a cold sweat and felt your heart pounding. These symptoms were most
likely produced by your ___________ nervous system.
Sympathetic
_______________ is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Glutamate
Information is transmitted between neurons by means of chemicals called ___________.
Neurotransmitters
The two main branches of the autonomic nervous system are the _____________ and the ___________.
sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system

The reabsorption of neurotransmitters by a terminal button is termed as:

Reuptake

Karl catches a football and runs down the field toward the end zone, attempting to score a touchdown.
Neurologically, ________________ are taking prompts from Karl's brain and transmitting this information to
his legs, commanding them to run.
motor neurons

______________ is involved in voluntarily controlling muscles and is released during feelings of pleasure or
reward.
Dopamine

An example of the process of enzymatic degradation is when ACh neurotransmitters are broken down by the
the enzyme __________.
AChE

Neurotransmitters are stored in

terminal buttons.

Walter has a degenerative condition that eats away at his myelin sheath. We can expect that his cognitive
abilities will
decrease in proficiency.

The _____________ transmits electrical impulses toward the adjacent neuron.

Axn

The neurotransmitter _________________ controls muscle movement and plays a role in mental processes
such as learning, memory, attention, sleeping, and dreaming.
Acetylcholine

Within the brain, ____________ receive, integrate, and generate messages.

Neurons

___________ can be defined as neurons that communicate only with other neurons.
Interneurons

_________________ increase the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a(n) ____________ neurotransmitter.

Inhibitory

The myelin sheath insulates the ___________ so that the impulse travels more efficiently and strengthens the
connection to adjacent neurons.
Axn
_____________ are the cells that process and transmit information throughout the nervous system.
Neurons
During the process of reuptake, excess neurotransmitter _________.
is returned to the presynaptic neuron for storage in vesicles and future use

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for physiological symptoms such as increased
heart rate and butterflies in the stomach?
Sympathetic

At a job interview, you broke out into a cold sweat and felt your heart pounding. These symptoms were most
likely produced by your ___________ nervous system.
Sympathetic

______________ is involved in voluntarily controlling muscles and is released during feelings of pleasure or
reward.
Dopamine

Information is transmitted between neurons by means of chemicals called ___________.

Neurotransmitters

___________ is a neurotransmitter that is produced in insufficient amounts in many Alzheimer's patients.

Acetylcholine
Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. A similar insulating function is performed in the
nervous system by the:
myelin sheath.

Cocaine blocks reuptake of the neurotransmitter ____________, thereby increasing its availability in the
synaptic cleft and stimulating feelings of euphoria.
Dopamine

At the end of the axon, at each synapse, is a(n) _________ containing tiny sacs of neurotransmitters.
terminal button

"Running has become an important part of my life. After a good three miles, I begin to feel euphoric. This
positive feeling stays with me most of the day." This runner is describing the
production of endorphins.
The all-or-none principle states that:
once the threshold has been crossed, an action potential either fires or it does
not.

Who is relying most heavily on their mirror neurons?

Chie is taking a golf lesson from the local pro.
Which of the following does information in neural transmission, that always travels in one direction in the
neuron go through the last?
Synapses

Without the neurotransmitter ______________, the nervous system would literally be out of control, never
ceasing activity.
gamma-aminobutyric acid
The _____________ transmits electrical impulses toward the adjacent neuron.
Axn
A neurotransmitter that plays a role Parkinson's disease is
Dopamine
At a job interview, you broke out into a cold sweat and felt your heart pounding. These symptoms were most
likely produced by your ___________ nervous system.
Sympathetic

Depolarizing the membrane during an action potential first involves the flow of ___________ ions into the
membrane.
Sodium

The information in neural transmission which always travels in one direction in the neuron first goes through
the ____________.
Dendrites

The junction between the axon and the adjacent neuron is known as the __________.
Synapse

Which division of the nervous system is composed of all the sensory and motor nerves?
Peripheral nervous system
After finishing a psychology test, you try to relax by engaging in some meditation techniques. Doing these
exercises should increase the response of the ___________ nervous system and result in slower heart and
respiration rates and less muscular tension.
Parasympathetic

Neurotransmitters that do not bind with the postsynaptic neuron are sometimes taken back up into the
presynaptic neuron in a process called ___________________.
Reuptake
___________ are the central nervous system cells that provide structural support, promote efficient
communication between neurons, and remove cellular debris.
Glial cells
An example of the process of enzymatic degradation is when ACh neurotransmitters are broken down by the
the enzyme
AChE

The ______________ is the impulse of positive charge that runs one way down an axon.
action potential

______________ plays a role in dreaming and in controlling emotional states such as anger, anxiety, and
depression.
Serotonin
Any sensation one receives activates ____________ which take the message to the brain for processing.
sensory neurons
The cell body of a neuron is called a(n) ________.

Soma
The __________ potentials bring the neuron closer to threshold, while the _______ potentials bring it farther
away from threshold.
excitatory; inhibitory