1.

Which of the following primarily studies the patterns of growth and change that
occur throughout life?
Developmental psychology
2. Which of the following is true of cross-sectional research?
It compares people of different ages at the same point in time.
3.
Dr. Edward is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time as part of a
research study, while Dr. Janice is comparing the performance of different people
of various ages at the same time. Dr. Irwin is using a _____ research design; Dr.
Jenner is using a _____ design.
longitudinal; cross-sectional
4.
Cross-sectional research designs provide information about age _____ in
development between different age groups. Longitudinal research designs
provide information concerning _____ in behavior over time.
differences; changes,
5.
Dona is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills.
She selects a group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every six
months over a two-year period. In this example, Dona is using a(n) _____
research design.
Longitudinal
6.
Which of the following statements CORRECTLY identifies an advantage or a
disadvantage of the developmental researchers' research designs?
Longitudinal - indicate changes in behavior over time
7.
The difference between cross-sectional research design and longitudinal
research designs is that:
Longitudinal studies assess change in behavior over time, whereas crosssectional studies assess differences among groups of people.
8. A normal fertilized egg, or zygote, contains _____ pairs of chromosomes.
23
9.

Which of the following chromosomal combination is present in a typical female

child?
XX
10.
The one-celled entity formed by the union of an egg and sperm is called a:
zygote.
11.
Two weeks after conception, the developing fertilized egg is called a(n) _____.
embryo
12.
The longest part of a pregnancy, from the 8 th week through to birth, is the _____
period.
Fetal
13.
Sensitive or critical periods in development can occur:
either before or after birth.
14.
Clarissa's mother was thirty-eight years old when she gave birth to her. Clarissa
suffers from an intellectual disability and doctors have diagnosed that her
condition was due to the extra chromosome that she had received at the moment
of conception. Identify the condition afflicting Clarissa.
Down syndrome
15.
A teratogen is:
an environmental agent that can produce a birth defect.
16.
Dennis's mother had consumed a substantial amount of alcohol during her
pregnancy; Dominic's intelligence is below normal, his growth is slowed, and his
facial features are slightly deformed. Ellis's mother had also consumed a small
amount of alcohol, and Ellis shows some but not all of the problems Dennis
displays. Dennis suffers from _____; Ellis suffers from _____.
fetal alcohol syndrome; fetal alcohol effects
17.
Girls typically experience the adolescent growth spurt _____ than do boys.
2 years earlier

18.
During the Vietnam War, Michael moved from the United States to Canada to
avoid the draft. He didn't want to go to war because he was afraid he might be
killed or seriously injured. Michael's reasons for not going to war reflect the
_____ stage of moral reasoning established by Kohlberg.
Preconventional
19.
Jack registered as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He believes
that it is wrong to take human life. He is willing to serve time in jail, rather than
take part in an armed conflict. Jack's reasons for not going to war reflect the
_____ stage of moral reasoning established by Kohlberg.
Postconventional
20.
The primary criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is:
its potential lack of generality across cultures
21.
Jacques is thirteen years old. On Monday, Jacques announces to his parents
that he wants to be called "Jack." On Wednesday, he says he wants to drop out
of school. On Friday, he says he wants to get a tattoo and become an architect.
In Erikson's terms, Jacques is most likely experiencing the _____ crisis.
identity-versus-role-confusion
22.
According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis of intimacy versus isolation occurs:
during the early adult years.
23.
According to Erikson, people enter the generativity-versus-stagnation stage
during _____.
middle adulthood
24.
Which of the following statements reflects a genuine contribution of Erikson's
theory of psychosocial development?
He recognized that psychosocial development is essentially a lifelong process.
25. Which alternative below best approximates the frequency of adolescent
suicide?
It is among the top five leading causes of death among teenagers; every 90
minutes, a teenager commits suicide.
26.

From the late teens into the mid-20s, individuals are in a transitional phase that
developmental psychologists call _____adulthood.
Emerging
27.
The time at which a woman's menstrual cycle slows down and stops is called:
Menopause
28.
Which of the following figures best approximates the percentage of married
women with school-age children who work outside the home?
75%
29.
Which theory of aging suggests that human cells have a built-in time limit to their
reproduction and that they are no longer able to divide after a certain time?
Genetic preprogramming theory
30.
Age-related declines are more apparent in _____ memory than in _____
memory.
episodic; semantic
31.
According to the _____ theory of aging, aging produces a gradual withdrawal
from the world on physical, psychological, and social levels.
Disengagement
32.
Bea is 70 years old and works part-time at a discount store. She has kept herself
busy by engaging in various activities she enjoyed during middle adulthood. She
volunteers occasionally at a local food bank, and enjoys the company of her
family and the members of her bridge club. According to the _____ theory of
aging, Bea is aging successfully.
Activity
33.
According to Elisabeth Kbler-Ross, which of the following is the stage in which a
person aware of his impending death is likely to try to think of ways to postpone
death and dedicate their lives to religion?
Bargaining
34.
At the preconventional level of moral development, individuals decide right and
wrong based on
punishments or rewards.

35.
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, individuals who are willing
to risk their lives and freedom for a belief operate on the ___________ level of
moral development.
Postconventional
36.
According to Kohlberg, which of the following phrases describes the basis of
moral reasoning in early childhood?
Don't get caught.
37.
The Eisenbergs want to raise their children to be highly moral individuals. They
should provide their children with
Information on expected behaviors.
38.
Recent research on prosocial behavior in children has found that
a supportive parenting style is related to more prosocial behavior in children.
39.
Puberty marks the onset of
adolescence.
40.
Erikson described early adulthood as a period during which the person is building
a network of social relationships and making close contact with potential mates.
The crisis experience at this time is known as
intimacy vs. isolation.