Indonesia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates:

5S 120E

Republic of Indonesia
Republik Indonesia

Flag

Coat of Arms

Motto: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (Old Javanese)

"Unity in Diversity"

National ideology: Pancasila[1][2]

Anthem: Indonesia Raya

"Great Indonesia"

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Capital
and largest city
Official languages

Jakarta
610.5S 10649.7E

Indonesian

Religion

Recognized:[a]
Islam
Protestantism
Catholicism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism

Demonym

Indonesian

Government

Unitary presidentialconstitutiona
l republic

President

Joko Widodo

Vice-President

Jusuf Kalla

Legislature

People's Consultative Assembly

Upper house

Regional Representative Council

Lower house

People's Representative Council

Formation

Dutch East India Company

20 March 1602

Dutch East Indies

1 January 1800

Japanese occupation

9 March 1942

Independencedeclared fro

17 August 1945

m theNetherlands

United States of

27 December 1949

Indonesia (USI)

USI dissolved

17 August 1950

Area

Land

1,904,569 km2 (15th)

735,358 sq mi

Water (%)

4.85

Population

2015 estimate

255,461,700[3]

2010 census

237,424,363[4] (4th)

Density

124.66/km2 (84th)
322.87/sq mi

GDP (PPP)

2016 estimate

Total

$3.010 trillion[4] (8th)

Per capita

$11,633[4] (102nd)

GDP (nominal)

2016 estimate

Total

$936.955 billion[4](16th)

Per capita

$3,620[4] (117th)

Gini (2010)

35.6[5]
medium
0.684[6]

HDI (2014)

medium 110th
Currency

Indonesian rupiah(Rp) (IDR)

Time zone

various(UTC+7 to +9)

various (UTC+7 to +9)

Summer (DST)

Date format

DD/MM/YYYY

Drives on the

left

Calling code

+62[7]

ISO 3166 code

ID

Internet TLD

.id

a.

^a The government officially recognises only six

religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman
Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, andConfucianism.[8]

Indonesia ( /ndni/ IN-d-NEE-zh or /ndonizi/ IN-doh-NEE-zee; Indonesian: [ndonesia]), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik
Indonesia [rpublik ndonesia]), is a sovereign transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast
Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the
world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands.[9][10] It has an estimated
population of over 260 million people (September 2016) and is the world's fourth most populous
country, most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country.
The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.
i

Indonesia's republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president. Indonesia
has 34 provinces, of which five have Special Administrative status. Its capital and most populous city
is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern
part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia,Palau,
and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member
of ASEAN and a member of theG-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the
world's 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 8th largest by GDP at PPP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century,
when Srivijaya and then laterMajapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed
foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE,
and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign
powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders and Sufi scholars brought the now-

dominant Islam,[11][12] while European powers broughtChristianity and fought one another to
monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a
half centuries of Dutch colonialism starting from Amboina and Batavia, and eventually all of the
archipelago including Timorand West Papua, at times interrupted by Portuguese, French and
British rule, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since
been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, mass
slaughter, corruption, separatism, a democratisation process, and periods of rapid economic
change.
Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups. The largest and
politically dominant ethnic group are the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by
a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a
history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal
Ika"("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country.
Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness
that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural
resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Agriculture mainly
produces rice, tea, coffee,spices and rubber. Indonesia's major trading partners are Japan,
the United States and the surrounding countries of Singapore,Malaysia and Australia.
onesia derives from the Greek translation of the Indus River and the word nsos, meaning "Indian
island".[13] The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia.
[14]
In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an Englishethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesiansand, his
preference, Malayunesiansfor the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago".
[15]
In the same publication, a student of Earl's, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a
synonym forIndian Archipelago.[16][17] However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications
were reluctant to use Indonesia. Instead, they used the terms Malay Archipelago (Maleische
Archipel); the Netherlands East Indies (Nederlandsch Oost Indi), popularly Indi; the East (de
Oost); and Insulinde.[18]
After 1900, the name Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands,
and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression. [18] Adolf Bastian, of the
University of Berlin, popularised the name through his bookIndonesien oder die Inseln des
Malayischen Archipels, 18841894. The first Indonesian scholar to use the name was Suwardi
Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a press bureau in the Netherlands with the
name Indonesisch Pers-bureauin 1913.[14]