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X
i=1
(2
i1
1) 2
X
1
i=1
This follows from the fact that the probability you win on the ith
toss is 2i , and the fact that if you win on the ith toss then you
have lost 2i1 1 by that point.
Note that for i 2, 1/2 2i 1/4 so that the sum is infinite.
So the expectation of the amount of money lost before winning
is infinite!
If a group gives the wrong answer, the lecturer can say that all
students in the group do not understand the topic. In that case,
no further questions need to be asked.
On the other hand, if the group gives the correct answer the
lecturer can assume that at least one student understands the
topic and only then will a second stage of the assignment need
to be administered.
In the second stage each of the students are asked questions
individually and submit their answers individually without any
collaboration among the students.
and
= 1 (1 0.05)20 .
P(A)
10
X
i=1
10
X
E(IAi )
P(Ai )
i=1
= 10
= 1.
1
10
So
P(N = 0) exp(1)
p)
we obtain that
np and the standard deviation is np(1
X
0
0
1
1
Y
0
0
1
1
C0
0
0
1(U)
1(U)
C1
-1(U)
-1(U)
1
1
The (U) after an entry in the table means that entry was
unobserved.
(i) Do the data seem to show that the new treatment procedure
is a success in hospital A as well as hospital B?
(ii) Next, combine the data from hospital A and hospital B.
Estimate an overall death rate for the new treatment. Do the
data seem to indicate the new treatment procedure is a
success?
(iii) Do your conclusions from parts (i) and (ii) seem to
disagree? Explain.
Standard
New
Total
Hospital A
Survive Die Total
5
95
100
100
900 1000
105
995 1100
Hospital B
Survive Die Total
500
500 1000
95
5
100
595
505 1100