BIOLOGY EXERCISES

I.

Introduction to Biology

________________________ 1. This was a period in the history of Biology that is characterized by

uncritical accumulation of information, mainly derived from the practical necessities of
obtaining food, materials for clothing and shelter, etc. The accumulation of knowledge was
not recorded nor was the scientific method a part of the procedure about life.
________________________ 2. What is the other term for external growth?
________________________ 3. Refers to the entire physical universe and all of the organisms in
it.
________________________ 4. What is the study of birds?
________________________ 5. What is the making of careful observation and experiments, and
later using the data gathered to formulate general principles?
________________________ 6. What is the study of fungi?
________________________ 7. What is the study of normal functions of living things?
________________________ 8. What is the constructive building up phase of metabolism?
________________________ 9. Who made studies on genetics?
________________________ 10. He is referred to as the father of Medicine.
________________________ 11. This is referred to as the exact knowledge or tested and verified
human experiences.
________________________ 12. He gave the most outstanding contributions to evolution.
________________________ 13. What is the other term for internal growth?
________________________ 14. He described the blood circulation in man which contributed to
physiology.
________________________ 15. This is referred to as the classification and naming of living
things.

________________________ 16. What is the study of insects?

________________________ 17. He is referred to as the father of Modern Microbiology.
________________________ 18. What is the study of tissues?
________________________ 19. This is the ability to create another one of the same kind.
________________________ 20. This was a period in the history of Biology which is characterized
by curiosity about the structure of living things.
________________________ 21. This is referred to as the science of heredity.
________________________ 22. This is defined as various vital life processes which include all
the changes that the material taken as food undergoes.
________________________ 23. This refers to the properties and conditions which distinguish the
plants and animals from inorganic matter and dead organisms.
________________________ 24. This was a period in the history of Biology which was marked by
great curiosity about natural phenomena and the ability to organize biological knowledge
and record it.
________________________ 25. This is the study of the relationships of living things with one
another and with their environments.
________________________ 26. He is referred to as the last biologist of antiquity.
________________________ 27. He is referred to as the Father of Taxonomy.
________________________ 28.
________________________ 29.
cell theory.

The three scientists who established the concept of the

________________________ 30.
________________________ 31. This is referred to as the destructive or the breaking down phase
of metabolism.
________________________ 32. He was the great ancient scientist who studied all the areas of
science.
________________________ 33. He established Comparative Physiology.
________________________ 34. This is referred to as the study of reptiles and amphibians.

________________________ 35. This is referred to as the study of diseases in plants.

II.

Basic Chemistry

________________________ 1. These are referred to as the negatively charged particles of an

atom.
________________________ 2. This refers to the gravitational attraction exerted by a large body
of matter on an object.
________________________ 3. These types of matter have definite volume but have no definite
shape.
________________________ 4. These are the most important organic compound that contains
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, plus nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and iron.
________________________ 5. These are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids.
________________________ 6. These are compounds that usually does not have carbon atoms.
________________________ 7. These are those whose compositions in terms of its elemental
constituents does not change when subjected to processes like freezing, boiling,
evaporation, condensation, recrystallization, and solution.
________________________ 8. Anything that occupies space and has mass.
________________________ 9. These are substances that are responsible for narrowing the heart
arteries.
________________________ 10.
________________________ 11.

Give 3 examples of metal elements.

________________________ 12.
________________________
________________________

13.
Kinds of pure

14.

substances

________________________ 15.
________________________

16.
Two inorganic compounds found in the skeleton

________________________
involves the transfer of
from one atom to

17. This
electrons
another.

________________________
is the vitamin essential
normal blood clotting?

18. What
for

________________________ 19. This is referred to as fruit sugar.

________________________ 20. This is a nucleic acid responsible for heredity.
________________________ 21. This is a mineral that is an important factor in hosting immune
defenses and for normal sense of taste.
________________________ 22. This is necessary in hemoglobin formation.
________________________ 23. What is the other name for Vitamin B12?
________________________ 24. This is also called as dextrose or blood sugar.
________________________ 25. The basic food group which includes citrus fruits, raw cabbage,
salad greens, and tomatoes.
________________________ 26.
________________________ 27.
________________________ 28.

Food sources of cobalt

________________________ 29.
________________________ 30.
________________________ 31. Basic building blocks of carbohydrates.
________________________ 32. Involved sharing of electrons.
________________________ 33. These are the large and most complex organic molecules.
________________________ 34. These are also called intermediate elements.
________________________ 35. Compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms.

________________________ 36. This is made up of two or more pure substances jumbled

together either homogenously or heterogeneously.
________________________ 37. These are the positively charged particles of an atom.
________________________ 38. This is a mixture of sub-atomic particles, nuclei, and electrons.
________________________ 39. This refers to the quantity of matter on an object.
________________________ 40. Properties which can be observed without changing the
substance into some new kind of matter.
________________________ 41. This is also called as animal starch.
________________________ 42. These are lipids found in egg yolk.
________________________ 43. These are substances that speed up the chemical reactions in
the body.
________________________
________________________

44.
Examples of homogenous mixtures

________________________
________________________

45.
46.

Examples of organic compounds

________________________
essential for the
of thyroxine and
cell oxidation.

47.
48. This is
synthesis
stimulates

________________________ 49. This is a Vitamin B Complex needed for healthy circulatory

system and for maintaining healthy and beautiful skin.
________________________ 50. This is composed of one glucose molecule and one galactose
molecule.
________________________ 51. This is also called pyridoxine.
________________________ 52. This is also called tocopherol or anti-sterility.
________________________ 53. This is the basic food group that includes the leafy, green and
yellow vegetables.
________________________ 54. This is a Vitamin B Complex that helps the body convert
carbohydrates, fats, and protein into energy.

________________________ 55. This refers to the ability of a substance to react with other
substances.
________________________ 56. These are substances that neither have a definite volume or a
definite shape.
________________________ 57. These are good conductors of heat and electricity.
________________________ 58. Basic building blocks of protein.
________________________ 59. This is also called as table sugar.
________________________ 60. This is a nucleic acid responsible for protein synthesis.
________________________ 61. This indicates the number of atoms present in a molecule.
________________________ 62. This is the tiny central part of an atom.
________________________ 63. Mixtures wherein the components cant be easily identified or
distinguished even with the aid of a powerful microscope.
________________________ 64. Bonds important in biological systems and it forms only between
a few small electronegative atoms.
________________________ 65. Vitamins that are also called as ascorbic acids.
________________________ 66. This is a Vitamin B Complex essential for cell metabolism and
absorption of carbohydrates.
________________________ 67. This is a mineral needed for the normal function of all cells
especially of the bone marrow, nervous system, and gastrointestinal system.
________________________ 68. This is needed by the body so it can use iron to create
hemoglobin.
________________________ 69. This is the basic food group that includes bread, breakfast
cereals, and flour.
________________________ 70. These are materials that have definite volume and definite
shape.
________________________ 71. This is also referred to as the universal solvent.
________________________ 72. These show the lines of the blood, connecting one atom to
another.

________________________ 73. These are organic compounds, usually of plant origin, needed by
man and animals for normal growth and development.
________________________ 74. These are substances produced by specific parts of the body to
enable these parts to function well.
________________________ 75. This is a mineral that helps regulate and normalize muscle
reactions.
________________________ 76. These are composed of 2 glucose molecules.
________________________ 77. This is also referred to as retinol or anti-xeropthalmia.
________________________ 78. These help neutralize antigens.
________________________ 79. These are the simplest but the most abundant organic
compounds.
________________________ 80. Basic building blocks of lipids.

III.

The Cell

________________________ 1. This is the part of the plant that manufactures the food or it is
where photosynthesis takes place.
________________________ 2. This is also referred to as supportive tissues.
________________________ 3. This is also referred to as nerve cells.
________________________ 4. Tissues that form the protective outer covering of the plant.
________________________ 5. These have a hard, relatively rigid matrix with inorganic salts,
calcium carbonate, and calcium phosphate.
________________________ 6. What is the protoplasm inside the nucleus?
________________________ 7. This is a vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved
substances upward in the plant body and supports the aerial parts of the plant.
________________________ 8. Cells that contains only the plasma membrane and no cell wall.
________________________ 9. Colorless or white plastids.
________________________ 10. These are many, movable short hair-like structures projecting
the cell membrane of some plant or animal cells.
________________________ 11. Tissues that have great capacity to respond to stimuli since they
can easily be stimulated and can transmit impulses rapidly.
________________________ 12. This is the part of the plant that functions in internal transport
and supporting the plant.
________________________ 13. These are fundamental tissues that have cells with thin primary
walls and no secondary walls.
________________________ 14. This is the part of the seed that provides the food of the embryo.
________________________ 15. This is an animal tissue found in the covering or lining of all free
body surfaces, both internal and external, like the skin and lining of the digestive tract.
________________________ 16. These are meristems responsible for the increase in length of
plants.

________________________ 17. This is a vascular tissue that transports material both up and
down the plant and also transports the organic materials like amino acids and
carbohydrates.
________________________ 18. This is the central and usually the edible part of the fruit.
________________________ 19. This is a plant tissue that contains cells that functions as tubes
or ducts through which water substances move.
________________________ 20. These are dark-stained bodies which are visible when the cell is
not dividing. They are responsible in protein synthesis.
________________________ 21. He contributed to the extension of the cell theory. He stated that
all living cells come from other living cells; and that there is no spontaneous creation of cells
from non-living organisms.
________________________ 22. These are systems of membrane-enclosed canals forming a
network in the cytoplasm, which serves as routes of transport for the materials within the
cell.
________________________ 23. These are minute finger-like projections of the cell membrane.
These are sites of osmosis where fluid may pass in and out of the cell.
________________________ 24. He discovered the nucleus of the cell.
________________________ 25. This is a tissue that is very variable, but its intercellular matrix
contains numerous fibers. Cells and fibers are embedded in an amorphous ground
substance, which is a mixture of water, protein, carbohydrates, and lipids.
________________________ 26. This encloses and protects the entire cell. It is triple-layered
containing proteins and lipids.
________________________ 27. What is the female reproductive part of the flower?
________________________ 28. This is the inner part of the fruit that closely adheres to the
seed.
________________________ 29. These are tissues that are composed of embryonic cells capable
of active cell division.
________________________ 30. This is the jelly-like living substance of the cells.
________________________ 31. This is the powerhouse of the cell. They appear as rounded
cylinders or globules enclosed by membranes.
________________________ 32. These are in-pocketings of the cell membrane filled with water.

________________________ 33. This contains one or two centrioles which are small, dark bodies
located above the nucleus.
________________________ 34. These are lined on their outer surfaces by small particles called
ribosomes.
________________________ 35. These are cells that have large vacuoles for storage of water.

IV.

Organ Systems
a. Integumentary and Muscular Systems

________________________ 1. This is a special growth of the epidermis that is made up of

hardened skin cells.
________________________ 2. This is also referred to as corneum or cuticle.
________________________ 3. This pushes against the oil glands to to help lubricate the hair
shafts; it also causes the hair to stand when a person is frightened.
________________________ 4. What is the largest organ of the human body?
________________________ 5. These are glands that give off small amount of liquid waste
mater.
________________________ 6. This is a muscle that bends a joint and brings a limb closer to the
body.
________________________ 7. These are muscles that are attached to the skeleton, causing the
bones to move.
________________________ 8. This is the top layer of the skin, which is also responsible for the
color of the skin.
________________________ 9. This is a special regulator of the heart that gives of rhythmic
stimulations that cause the heart muscle to contract.
________________________ 10. This is also referred to as the heart muscle.
________________________ 11. This is the inability of the muscle to contract due to
accumulation of lactic acid and the depletion of the adenosine triphosphate.
________________________ 12. This is also referred to as the dermis.

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________________________ 13. These are glands that give off oily substances that make the
hair smooth and glossy.
________________________ 14. This is the muscle that straightens the joint and bring the limb
away from the body.
________________________ 15. This is the end of the muscle that normally does not move and is
closest to the central part of the body.
________________________ 16. This is the layer composed of closely woven network of
connective tissues. It contains blood vessels, glands, nerves, and hair follicles.
________________________ 17. This helps regulate body heat.
________________________ 18. This is the skin below the nail.
________________________ 19. This is the end of the muscle that is attached to the bone that it
moves.
________________________ 20. This is needed to be stimulated to operate the skeletal muscles.
________________________ 21. What is the coating that encloses the hair root?
________________________ 22. This is a substance that grows out of the skin of mammals.
________________________ 23. This is the tissue that makes it possible for a person or animal to
move from place to place.
________________________ 24. This is also referred to as the cardiac muscle.
________________________ 25. This is the waste that collects in the muscle.

b. Skeletal and Digestive Systems

________________________ 1. What is produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and flows
into the small intestine?
________________________ 2. What is the enzyme of the saliva that breaks down the protein
into amino acids?
________________________ 3. What is composed of the bones of the jaws, hyoid, and the
larynx?

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________________________ 4. What is made up of the bones of the arms and the legs?
________________________ 5. What is the flexible, bony framework of any vertebrate animal?
________________________ 6. Where is the process of digestion completed?
________________________ 7. What are animals with two legs called?
________________________ 8. What are the bones of the palms called?
________________________ 9. What is the bone of the upper arm called?
________________________ 10. What is the enzyme of the saliva that converts some of the
starches into sugar?
________________________ 11. This is a digestion process by which a food particle is acted upon
and changed into simple forms within the cell. The digestion itself takes place within the cell.
________________________ 12. Tiny, finger-like projections that make up the mucous membrane
of the small intestine that increases the area through which the absorption takes place.
________________________ 13. Strong bands of flexible tissue that holds bones together and
keeps them in place.
________________________ 14. What are the bones of the sole called?
________________________ 15. What are the bones of the wrist called?
________________________ 16. A process by which large food particles are broken down into
simple absorbable forms.
________________________ 17. What is the digestive juice in the stomach called?
________________________ 18. A digestion process by which food is broken down into a
digestive cavity.
________________________ 19. What is made up of the bones of the head, neck, and the trunk?
________________________ 20. What are the bones of the thighs called?
________________________ 21. What are the bones of the toes called?
________________________ 22. What is the thick liquid in the stomach that is a product of food
that are partly digested called?
________________________ 23. What is the enzyme that is responsible for changing fats into
fatty acids and glycerol?

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________________________ 24. This is also referred to as the brain box.

________________________ 25. What are the final waste products of digestion that will pass out
of the body through the rectum and the anus called?

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