Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

Solved Problems

Solved Problems on Eulers Theorem :

++

Q. If u= + + +log{ ++ }

Find x. +y +
Let u=v+w

V(tx,ty,tz)=v(x,y,z)
= v(x,y,z)
v is homogenous function of degree 6.
EuLer theorem for v we can write

x. +y + =6v

(i)

w(tx,ty,tz)= w(x,y,z)
w is homogenous function of degree o
Hence by Euler theorem for w
x.

+y + =0w=0

(ii)

Equation (i) +(ii) we get ;

x{ +

} + { +

}+z{ +

} =6v

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

x +y + =6v

=6 + +

()

Q. u=

, x=rcos

Y=rsin

P.T x. +y =u

( ( ))

u=

u(xt,yt)=

( ( ))
+

= u(x,y)

u is homogenous of degree(1)

x +y =u

Q. u = ++

+
2

Solved Problems

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

+ +

u(xt,yt) = +++

= { + +

( )

+ +

( )

= { + +

+ +

( )

}= (, )

u is homogenous function of degree 2

by Eulers theorem for u,

x +y = ()
x +y + =0
u=f(v)
prove that

x +y =nv ()
Deduce that if u=logv
Then

x +y =

Solved Problems

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

Solved Problems

Since v is homogenous function of degree n, by Eulers

theorem for v

x +y=nv

(*)

But u=f(v)
u v xy

=
.
=
().

(i)

And

=
.
=
().

(ii)

(i) x +(ii) y

x +y= () {

= ()

(from *)

Now if u=logv=f(v)

()=

+ }

+ =nv =n
Hence proved

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

++

w= {

Q. Let v= + +

Solved Problems

++

u=v+w

V(xt,yt,zt)= v(x,y,z)
= v(x,y,z)
v is homogenous function of degree 4.

+ +z=4v

(i)

now,
w= {

++

++

(w)=cosw=

++

=f(x,y,z)

++

F(xt,yt,zt)= f(x,y,z)

f is a homogenous function of degree and f=()

by corollary (ii)
x.

()

+y + =

= {}= cotw

()

(ii)
5

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

Solved Problems

(i)+(ii)

x +y +z =4vcotw
=4 + + cot { {

++

}}

++

Q. If u=log( + )
P.T.

(i) x +y =3
(ii)

=3

Solution:
u=log( + )
()= = + =f(x,y)
Then f(xt,yt)= (, )
f is a homogenous function of degree 3.
And f= ()
by corollary (ii)

()

x +y =

()

= =3
6

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

Solved Problems

by corollary (iii)

=g(u)( () )

()

g(u)= () =
, () =
L.H.S of (1)=3 (01)=3

Q. P.T. sin2u(14 )

+
u= { }

solution:
() = =

= (, )

f(xt,yt)= (, )
u is homogenous function of degree 2 by corollary 3.
+ + = ()( () )
()

Where g(u)= ()

(i)

Partial Derivatives

g(u)= =

Eulers Theorem

Solved Problems

= . =

L.H.S of (i) =sin2u(2cos2u1)

(ii)

=sin2u(2(12 ) )
=sin2u(14 )

ans3

From (ii) or =2sin2u.cos2usin2u

=sin4usin2u

ans2

From (iii) or =using sin(sinu) of ans2

=2cos3u.sinu

Q. u=cosec =
f(xt,yt)=

ans1

=f(x,y)

(, )

f is a homogenous function of degree

f= (u)
by corollary (3)

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

Solved Problems

+ + = ()( () )
()

Where g(u)= () = (.) =

(i)

()= { }

=tanu{ ( + ) + }

=tanu{ + }

Q. If ++ + + +=1

(i)

Where u is homogenous function of degree and in x,y,z

P.T.
+ + =2nu=2(x +y + )
Solution:
Differentiate (i) w.r.t. x

( +)

+ + + + =

=ux {( +) + ( +) + ( +)}

( +) =uxf where. f={( +) + ( +) + ( +)}

9

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

Solved Problems

Similarly

( +)

=uyf

(3)

=uzf

(4)

( +)

From (2),(3),(4)

u +u + = ( +) + (+) + ( +)

= {( +) + ( +) + ( +)}

= f
=

u +u + =

(5)

u is a homogenous function of deg n

By Enter theorem xyx+ yuy+ zuz = nu (6)
From (s) & (6)

=2nu

i.e.

=nu

Now,
(2)x +(3)y + (4)z
10

Partial Derivatives

Eulers Theorem

( +)

+ ( +) + ( +)=f(x + + )

2{( +) + ( +) + ( +)} = ()
2=fnu

=
Hence proved

11

Solved Problems