= + Hone Engineering Guides + DL Subscriptions // Pull Techaical Avicles } New Articles Alerts > Weekly Digest Newsleter Calculate reactive power of the capacitor bank and improve power factor ett] EL wu TM mu Calealate reactive power of the capacitor bank snd improve power factor (on photo: Automatic Capacitor Banks with os-load break switch; credit: RTR Energia) Dimensioning of the capacitor bank For the dimensioning of the capacitor bank to be installed in order to improve the power factor of a plant, i is necessary to calculate correctly the power factor according to the consumption or to the losd cycle of the plant, This in order to avoid che intake of excess reactive energy, which is a condition normaly forbidden by power supply authorities To caty out ditbuted or group power Factor conection, tt necesay ¢0 ate the cony of the single load oF ofthe group of loads (as ‘This can be carried out as follows: 1, Direetly — through dizect measuring by means of a power factor meter 2, Indirectly — through the reading of che active and reactive energy meters ‘The power ficior mater is a measuring instrument able to display the power factor cosy according to which the load is absorbing energy. The reading of the instrament shall be earied out in different moments of the load cycle, so that an average power factor value can be obtained, Ifthe readings of the active and reactive energy absorbed by the load or by the whole of the loads constituting the factory ateas during a work cycle are available, the average power factor can be calculated as follows: pulcrcahengmenrg preci teow iwhere -E, ° a ee (c { ozta_) } «gan gy she ws of ea ete cng eal he ging of he work Gl Epp Ep) + Bppand Rage ate the values of active and reactive energy red atthe end of the work eye Calculation of the necessary reactive power (nce the power factor (cospl) of the installation and the power factor to be obtained (cosy2) are known, itis possible to calculate the reactive power of the capacitor bank neceseary ro improve the power Factor Indicating by: + P= the installed active power + ‘ey — the phase displacement angle before power factor correction 'o « 2 ~ the phase displacement angle to be obtained with the power factor correction the power oF the capacitor bank Qe is Once the inal cong is known, Table 1 allows to Q, = (tgo,- top) “P=K =P cleiate Gn koae per KA installed) the power of the Q, capacitor bank necessary to obtain a defined power factor. In a three-phase system, the capacitor bank constituted by chree capacitors having the same czpacitance, ean be delta connected or star connected. When selecting the connection modality, it is necessary to keep into account that with delta connection, each capacitance is subject to the supply line-to-line voltage, but, a the same level of generated reactive power, it has a value equal 1o 1/3 of the value it will have in ease of star In the low Q,=Q,— C,=3-C, 3 2 = @-Cy-Us = Qos= 3-0 Cy-U; > Cy; Qoy = 3-0 Cy “Cy v3 voltage field, where insulation problems are less important, the delta connection is usually preferred for the capacitor bank, since it allows a smaller sing of the capacitances of each phate. Power factor correction table Example calculation Ina plant with active power equal to 300 KW at 400 V and eosp= 0.75, we want to increase the power factor up to 0.90, In the table 1 shove, at the intersection between the row “initial cose" 0.75 with the column “final cos" 0.9, a value of 0.398 for the coefficient K is obtained “Therefore a capacitor bank is necessary with power Qe equal t: Qe= K+ P= 0398» 300 19.4 kwar ‘The factor K ean be determined slso using the following nomographs Figure 1 Nomograph for the calculation of the correction power As showa in the figure, tracing « line segment from the value ofthe initial cosy to the value to be obtained, the intersection of che line with the middle graduated scale, gives the value of K which, multiplied by the active power P of the load, defines the necessary reactive power Qc. Reference Power futr coretion and harmon fring in eetrical ples by ABB Related electrical guides & articles // Share with engineers // pulcrcahengmenrg preci teow a0.80 os + Subscinsions percent teow ir About Author // TTA = sed oy Initist cosp [oso 08 | os | om | os | oss | os¢ | oss | 96 | oor | a98 | 050 1 Se EE TT seid menses 06 ‘osis| 0646 | over | om | cass | oso | cscs | assr | asa | 1015 | 1oee | 1.123 | 1265 ‘engines, programmer and oe fone| one [om oe [one [ape tomer [ape [ater ae ae en nae vat efor ore Fae [are Tome me Too aam (a8 1] secede denn of LY ‘oes [oase| ost | oesa | oes | ori2 | o7«s | 0775 | ost | oser | oass | ogss | asos | tte | high power busbar trunking ee eae eer fe Pate ao Cae oe foe eee ee fase Sat foe oe oa a ae ae a S12 inns, gad 070 ‘0270 | 0400 | osse | 056s | osee | osrs | css? | o6sa | o729 | 0770 | ost7 1.020 industry fascilities. 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