Casuality investigation as per MS ACT 1958

Investigations & Enquiries - Preliminary inquiry: - When an officer appointed under the Act receives information about the Shipping casualty, he is
required to conduct a Preliminary inquiry into the accident. The purpose of the preliminary enquire is to establish the following:a) a shipping casualty has occurred within the meaning of the act,
b) the details of the voyage leading to the casualty
c) The events that led to the casualty
d) The extent to which loss of life or loss of property has occurred due to the shipping casualty.
e) The causes that led to the casualty including acts of incompetency, negligence or misconduct of the person / persons concerned.
The preliminary inquiry which is held under Section 359 of the M.S. Act is a departmental inquiry and the proceedings of such enquiries are not
released to the public.
In conducting the preliminary inquiry, the inquiry officer has the following responsibilities :
To inform the central government and the state government concerned where necessary of the details of the shipping causalities occurring within
their jurisdiction.
To go on board the Ship and inspect the same including machinery and equipment but not unnecessarily detaining or delaying her from
proceedings on any voyage.
to enter and inspect any premises to facilitate the completion of the preliminary inquiry.
To summon persons he thinks fit to take statement to complete the preliminary inquiry.
To demand the production of all logbooks, documents or papers he considers necessary for the inquiry.
To submit a report to the central government.
If any person refuses to attend and answer or to produce necessary evidence or impede the inquiry officer should call his attention to the powers
given to him. In case he still refuses, he can take action under Chapter X of the Indian Penal Code.
Persons who may be present at the examination:- Where the owner or agent of a ship, a casualty to which is being investigated, signifies his
desire to be present during the inquiry, he may be permitted to be present but only while witnesses belonging to the ships in which he is directly
interested but only while witnesses belonging to his ships in which he is directly interested are being examined and he must be requested to
remain silent. He may take note of evidence, if he desires but should not interfere examination of a witness. Barring this, no person is to be
present in the room during the examination of the witness excepting the deponent, the officer conducting the inquiry and his clerk and if necessary
an interpreter. Professional lawyers are not admitted into the proceedings of preliminary inquiry.
Formal investigation: whenever it appears that the event leading to a ship casualty, demand a formal investigation by the court, the Director
General of Shipping by virtue of powers delegated to him under Section 360 of M.S. Act may direct the same to be held. On receipt of the order of
the Director General the proper officer shall make an application to the court as empowered under Section 361. The objective of the court
empowered under Section 361 is not to punish anyone who may have been at fault but to throw light on the cause of the causality and to consider
steps to prevent such causalities in future. Only first class Magistrates are empowered to conduct these formal investigations.
The courts are assisted by assessors possessing the requisite technical knowledge and are independent of all the interest concerned. The
assessors are appointed by the court out of the list which is maintained by the Directorate.
Where formal investigation involves or appears likely to involve any question regarding cancellation or suspension of Certificate of Competency of
Master, Mate or Engineer, the court shall be assisted by not less than 2 assessors having the requisite experience in Merchant Marine Service.
Apart from the officer on whose application the investigation is undertaken and any person upon whom a notice of investigation has been served
any other interested parties may be permitted to appear at investigation and become a party to the proceedings.
On the appointed time and place for holding the investigation the court can proceed with investigation, whether the parties upon whom notices of
investigation have been served are present or not.

Report of the court. Unless the cancellation or suspension of any officers' certificate is not involved, the court need not tell its decision in open
court. It may sent or deliver to the parties a copy of the report as required by Section 369 of the M.S. Act to be transmitted to the central
government. The court should submit its report to the central government in duplicate. Where the cancellation of suspension of officers certificate
of Competency is involved, the court may deliver its decision in open court and also send or deliver to the parties a copy of the report to be
transmitted to the central government. When the certificate is suspended and the court has recommended that a certificate of lower grade should
be issued, the same shall be issued by the Directorate General of Shipping through the Principal Officer concerned .
Powers to cancel Certificate of Competency. The Certificate of competency may also be cancelled by central government under provision of
Section 377 of the M.S. Act.
WRECK AND SALVAGE
Wreck and salvage: The provision regarding wreck and salvage are contained in part XIII of the M.S. Act, 1958.
This part of the M.S. Act, 1958, contains provisions for the following:Appointment of receivers of wreck;
Duties and powers of receivers of wreck;
Procedure for reporting, custody and disposal of wrecks;
Salvage payable for saving life, cargo or wreck;
Power of the Central Government to make rules respecting wreck and salvage.
In accordance with Section 404 of the M.S. Act, 1958, the Central Government has made rules to carry out the purposes of part XIII of the said
Act. These rules are called "The Merchant Shipping (Wreck & Salvage) Rules, 1974".
These rules provide for the following matters :The procedure to be followed by receiver of wreck in respect of the taking possession of wrecks and their disposal ;
The fees payable to receivers in respect of the work done by them,
The procedure to be followed for dealing with claim relating to ownership of wrecks ;
The appointment of valuers in salvage cases;
The principles to be followed in awarding salvage and the apportioning of salvage ;
The procedure to be followed for dealing with claims for salvage ;
The detention of property in the custody of a receiver of wreck for the purpose of enforcing payment of salvage .
SEARCH & RESCUE ARRANGEMENTS AROUNG THE COASTS OF INDIA
Under Regulation 15 of Chapter 5 of the International Convention for Safety of life at Sea, the Govt. of India has an obligation to ensure that
necessary arrangements are made for the rescue of persons in distress at sea.
When a Ship or an aircraft is in distress around the coast of India, assistance may be given not only by ship in the vicinity but by also the following
authorities :Coast Radio Stations operated by the Department of Telecommunication and the port Radio Stations operated by the concerned port authorities
maintaining listening watch on distress frequencies.
Mercantile Marine Department
Indian Navy

Indian Air Force

Air Traffic Control Centres
Indian Coast Guard
When a Radio Signal is received on a distress frequency it is transmitted to ships at seas and various authorities including the nearest naval
authority and the Indian Coast Guard to initiate and co-ordinate the research and rescue operations. Radio distress calls and distress traffic have
absolute priority over other maritime traffic. During distress communication no transmission is allowed from any ship or coast Radio Station which
may interfere with the search and rescue operations. The details of the search and rescue procedures are contained in detail in Indian Notice No.
7 of Notices to Maritime special Edition 1994.