Monique A.

Gray

Experiment 1
Quantitative Analysis
Experiment 1: Calibration Of and Choosing Glassware

Introduction
The fundamental goal of this experiment is to explore and understand the various
techniques used for measuring solutions with various types of volumetric glassware. Also, to
understand the significance of precision and accuracy, and how these concepts are affected
by the types and choices of glassware used to measure specific volumes of solutions. In
order to calculate the value of uncertainty, the standard deviation and relative standard
deviation will be calculated and evaluated closely.
Experimental Procedure
Calibration of Pipets
-

Weight a clean dry 50mL beaker five times and records each measurement precisely.
Using the 1mL pipet, fill with water to the designated line and dispense water into the
50mL beaker and weight five times. Record each measurement precisely. Repeat four
more trials of this procedure for the 1mL pipet. (Make sure beaker is dried between
each trial)
Using the 2mL pipet, fill with water to the designated line and dispense water into the
50mL beaker and weight five times. Record each measurement precisely. Repeat four
more trials of this procedure for the 2mL pipet. (Make sure beaker is dried between
each trial)
Using the 5mL pipet, fill with water to the designated line and dispense into the 50mL
beaker and weight five times. Record each measurement precisely. Repeat four more
trials of this procedure for the 5mL pipet. (Make sure beaker is dried between each
trial)
Take the average of each individual trial for each pipet used. Then take the total
average of all the individual averages.
Calculate the standard deviation and the relative standard deviation.

Calibration of Volumetric Glassware

-

Weight a clean, dry 10mL volumetric flask five times. Record each measurement
precisely.
Weight a clean, dry 25mL volumetric flask five times. Record each measurement
precisely.
Weight a clean, dry 50mL volumetric flask five times. Record each measurement
precisely.
Fill a 10mL volumetric flask to the designated mark and weight the flask five times.
Record each measurement precisely. Repeat four more trials of this procedure for the
10mL volumetric flask.
Fill a 25mL volumetric flask to the designated mark and weight the flask five times.
Record each measurement precisely. Repeat four more trials of this procedure for the
25mL volumetric flask.

Monique A. Gray
-

Experiment 1

Fill a 50mL volumetric flask to the designated mark and weight the flask five times.
Record each measurement precisely. Repeat four more trials of this procedure for the
50mL volumetric flask.
Take the average of each individual trial for each pipet used. Then take the total
average of all the individual averages.
Calculate the standard deviation and the relative standard deviation.

Data
Table 1. Dry weight of Volumetric Glassware in grams (g).
50mL Beaker
32.0477g
32.0482g
32.0479g
32.0480g
32.0480g

Dry Weights Of Volumetric Glassware

10mL
25mL Volumetric 50mL Volumetric
Volumetric Flask
Flask
Flask
8.986g
18.523g
35.966g
8.987g
18.521g
35.967g
8.987g
18.523g
35.966g
8.986g
18.524g
35.966g
8.986g
18.523g
35.965g

Table 2. Wet weights of the 1mL Pipet in grams (g).

Trial 1
33.082g
33.083g
33.082g
33.081g
33.082g

Wet Weights of 1mL Pipet

Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
33.113g
33.107g
33.070g
33.114g
33.106g
33.068g
33.112g
33.106g
33.068g
33.113g
33.105g
33.067g
33.111g
33.107g
33.067g

Trial 5
33.074g
33.074g
33.073g
33.073g
33.072g

Table 3. Wet weights of the 2mL Pipet in grams (g).

Trial 1
34.079g
34.080g
34.079g
34.078g
34.078g

Wet Weights of 2mL Pipet

Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
34.106g
34.074g
34.135g
34.107g
34.072g
34.134g
34.106g
34.073g
34.135g
34.105g
34.074g
34.134g
34.105g
34.073g
34.134g

Trial 5
34.084g
34.083g
34.084g
34.083g
34.085g

Table 4. Wet weights of the 5mL pipet in grams (g).

Wet Weight of the 5mL Pipet
Trial 1
36.972g
36.971g
36.972g
36.973g
36.972g

Trial 2
37.014g
37.013g
37.014g
37.013g
37.013g

Trial 3
36.944g
36.944g
36.945g
36.943g
36.943g

Trial 4
36.996g
36.995g
36.996g
36.997g
36.997g

Trial 5
36.959g
36.958g
36.959g
36.960g
36.958g

Monique A. Gray

Experiment 1

Table 5. Wet weights of the 50mL volumetric flask in grams (g).

Wet Weight of the 50mL Volumetric Flask
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
85.745g
85.753g
85.766g
85.794g
85.743g
85.754g
85.764g
85.794g
85.746g
85.756g
85.763g
85.794g
85.743g
85.755g
85.764g
85.795g
85.742g
85.755g
85.765g
85.793g
weights of the 25mL volumetric flask in grams (g).
Wet Weights of the 25mL Volumetric Flask
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
43.293g
43.368g
43.343g
43.294g
43.368g
43.340g
43.293g
43.368g
43.341g
43.292g
43.367g
43.340g
43.294g
43.367g
43.339g

Trial 1
43.350g
43.351g
43.351g
43.350g
43.349g

Trial 5
85.801g
85.800g
85.799g
85.799g
85.799g

Table
6.
Wet

Trial 5
43.355g
43.354g
43.354g
43.353g
43.353g

Table 7. Wet weights of the 10mL volumetric flasks.

Wet Weights of the 10mL Volumetric Flask
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
18.918g
18.901g
18.897g
18.916g
18.901g
18.897g
18.919g
18.899g
18.896g
18.918g
18.899g
18.899g
18.917g
18.900g
18.896g

Trial 1
18.922g
18.922g
18.923g
18.923g
18.922g

Trial 5
18.818g
18.817g
18.818g
18.818g
18.817g

Calculations
To calculate the average weight of a trial. You add all the data points collected in the specific
trial and then divide that total number by the number of of data points there are.

Mean Calculation

x 1 + x 2+ x 3 + x 4 + x 5
n

Example: Mean Calculation (Using the data for trial 1 of the 10mL pipet)

Monique A. Gray

Experiment 1

18.922 g+18.922 g+ 18.923 g+18.923 g+18.922 g

5
= 18.9224g

Standard Deviation Formula

2

x 5avg

x 4avg 2 +
x 3avg 2+
x 2avg 2+
x 1avg 2+

Relative Standard Deviation Formula

standard deviation
x 100
total average

Example: Standard Deviation Calculation- (Using data for wet weight of 1mL Pipet)

g
g
33.1126 g33.0886

g
33.0732 g33.0886

g
33.0690 g33.0886

2
33.1062 g33.0886 g 2+
33.0820 g33.0886 2 +

= 0.009844542

Example: Relative Standard Deviation Calculation- (Using data for wet weights of 1mL pipet)

Monique A. Gray

Experiment 1

0.009844542
x 100
33.0886
= 0.029752066 %
Averages, Standard Deviation, and Relative Standard Deviation of
the Wet Weights of the 1mL Pipet
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Average
33.0820 33.1126g
33.1062g
33.0732g
33.0690g
g
Total Average
33.0886
Standard
0.009844542
Deviation
Relative
Standard
0.029752%
Deviation Standard Deviation, and Relative Standard Deviation of
Averages,
the Wet Weights of the 2mL Pipet
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Average
34.077g 34.1058g
34.0732g
34.1344g
34.0838g
Total Average
34.09484
Standard
Deviation
Relative
Standard
Deviation

0.012731737

0.0373421%

Averages, Standard Deviation, and Relative Standard Deviations of

the Wet Weights of the 5mL Pipet
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Average
36.972g 37.0134g
36.9438g
36.9962g
36.9588g
Total Average
36.97684
Standard
0.000787989
Deviation
Relative
Standard
0.002131%
Deviation
Averages, Standard Deviation, and Relative Standard Deviation of
the Wet Weights of the 10mL Volumetric Flask
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Average
18.9224 18.9176g
18.9000g
18.8970g
18.8176g
g
Total Average
18.89092
Standard
Deviation

0.021213857

Monique A. Gray
Relative
Standard
Deviation

Experiment 1

0.1122966%

Averages, Standard Deviation, and Relative Standard Deviation of

the Wet Weights of the 25mL Volumetric Flasks
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Average
43.3502 43.2932g
43.3676g
43.3406g
43.3538g
g
Total Average
43.34108
Standard
Deviation
Relative
Standard
Deviation

0.014232459

0.0328383%

Averages, Standard Deviation, and Relative Standard Deviations of

the Wet Weights of the 50mL Volumetric Flask
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Trial 5
Average
85.7438 85.7546g
85.7644g
85.794g
85.7996g
g
Total Average
85.77128
Standard
Deviation

0.024489416

Relative
Standard
Deviation

0.028552%

Conclusion
The overall objective of this experiment was to understand the how accuracy and precision
are greatly affected by the types of volumetric glassware we use. Also, how accurately we
dispense solution into a particular volumetric glassware affect precision and accuracy. Using
the SD (standard deviation) and RSD (relative standard deviation, my team was able to
visually see and understand the error in our measurement and how even though we thought
we were dispensing the correct amount of solution into the glassware, we still had a
sufficient amount of uncertainly and error associated with our measurements.
Thus, a lot of factor could have contributed to the error we obtained. For example, we could
have not been accuracy feeling the glassware or precisely reading the measurements. Also,
if the glassware isnt property dried between each trial it could cause minor/major error
depending on the volume of the glassware. Even not properly using the scale could cause
major error. Another factor that could cause error is not properly performing the calculations.
Minor errors in calculation could potentially lead to major error associated with the
experiment.

Monique A. Gray

Experiment 1

I have noticed that the smaller the glassware the harder it is to read. Thus, my calculation
illustrated that smaller glassware is associated with greater error. My calculated error for my
volumetric glassware was 0.1122966% for the 10mL volumetric flask, 0.0328383% for the
25mL volumetric flask, and 0.028552% for the 50mL flask. As you can see the error
decreased as the volume of the glassware grew. Therefore, when weighting and
measurement solution it is always better to use the bigger glassware and glassware that is
appropriate for that particular measurement.
Post-Lab Questions
When referring to measuring 20mL, 49mL, 56mL of solution with a 50mL buret, it is best to
measure 49mL with a 50mL buret because for that volume of solution it would just be the
appropriate amount to measure and also it will accumulate less error when youre reading
and measuring the solution. For the 20mL of solution, if you were to measure out that
amount using a 50mL buret you would obtain a great amount for error because there would
be a great amount for of uncertainly when trying to accurately for the 20mL mark. The best
thing to do would be to measure out 20mL of solution with as big of a buret as possible but
also with the most appropriate volume as possible. For example maybe using a 20mL buret
on 30mL buret would work. For measuring out the 56mL, it wouldnt be the best idea to
measure it with a 50mL buret because a 50mL buret can only hold 50mL of solution and
then you would have to measure out 6mL using a 50mL buret and that would produce a
huge amount of error.
We are given:
Volume of base is 43.56mL, SD of 0.89mL
Molarity of Base is 0.1012M, SD of 0.0025
Volume of Acid is 50mL, SD of 0.05mL.

V 1 M 1 V 2 M 2
(43.56mL) (0.1012M) = (50mL) (x)
x = 0.08816544M

Percent Error=

.89100 2 .0025100 2 .05100 2

+
+
=3.206243908%
43.56
.1012
50

) (

) (

Monique A. Gray

Experiment 1