Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLD
FDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
SRU
(GXDUGR:HLVV
5DIDHO4XLUR]
$QQHWWH6DQWRVGHO5HDO
$EULOGH
81(6&2,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3ODQHDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/DVGHQRPLQDFLRQHVHPSOHDGDVHQHVWDSXEOLFDFLyQ\ODIRUPDHQTXHDSDUHFHQSUHVHQ
WDGRVORVGDWRVTXHFRQWLHQHQRLPSOLFDQSRUSDUWHGHOD81(6&2RGHO,,3(MXLFLR
DOJXQRVREUHODFRQGLFLyQMXUtGLFDGHQLQJXQRGHORVSDtVHVWHUULWRULRVFLXGDGHVR
]RQDVFLWDGRVRGHVXVDXWRULGDGHVQLUHVSHFWRGHODGHOLPLWDFLyQGHVXVIURQWHUDV
(VWDSXEOLFDFLyQKDVLGRQDQFLDGDJUDFLDVDODVXEYHQFLyQGHOD81(6&2\DODV
FRQWULEXFLRQHVGHYDULRV(VWDGRV0LHPEURVGHOD81(6&2FX\DOLVWDJXUDDOQDO
GHHVWHYROXPHQ
,PSUHVLyQHQHOWDOOHUJUiFRGHO,,3(
&RPSRVLFLyQ6DELQH/HEHDX
'LVHxRGHODWDSD&RULQQH+D\ZRUWK
)RWRGHODWDSD81,&()2VFDU
,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3ODQHDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
UXH(XJqQH'HODFURL[3DULV
LQIRUPDWLRQ#LLHSXQHVFRRUJ
KWWSZZZXQHVFRRUJLLHS
IIEP/WD/140556/R1
81(6&2$EULOGH
QGLFH
6LJODV
/LVWDGHFXDGURV
6XPDULRHMHFXWLYR
([HFXWLYH6XPPDU\
&DStWXOR,
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
DSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
$QQHWWH6DQWRVGHO5HDO
,QWURGXFFLyQ
&UHFLPLHQWRGHPDWUtFXODDSDUWLUGHODREOLJDWRULHGDG
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD\SDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODVPRGDOLGDGHV
HQODH[SDQVLyQGHODFREHUWXUD
'LVWULEXFLyQGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDV
D 2SRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVR
E 2SRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDSHUPDQHFHUHQODHVFXHOD\FRQFOXLUHOQLYHO
F 2SRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
G $OJXQDVUHH[LRQHVVREUHODDFWXDOVLWXDFLyQGHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHV
HGXFDWLYDVHQVHFXQGDULD
$PDQHUDGHFLHUUH
$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
%LEOLRJUDItD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
&DStWXOR,,
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
5DIDHO4XLUR](VWUDGD\(GXDUGR:HLVV
,QWURGXFFLyQ
(VWUXFWXUD\RUJDQL]DFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
D (GXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
E (GXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRU
/DUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQHOFRQWH[WR
GHODVSROtWLFDVGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
&XUUtFXOR\HQVHxDQ]D
E /DUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUGH
E /DSULPHUDYHUVLyQGHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODU
F 3URJUDPDVLQQRYDGRUHVGHRSHUDFLyQGHOFXUULFXOXP
/DJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYD\ODVFRQGLFLRQHVPDWHULDOHV
HLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVGHODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULD
D /DJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYDHQODVSURSXHVWDVRFLDOHV
&RQFOXVLRQHVEDODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDGHODVUHIRUPDV
%LEOLRJUDItD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
&DStWXOR,,,
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
(GXDUGR:HLVV
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDVDWLVIDFFLyQ
GHODGHPDQGD\GLVWULEXFLyQGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDV
2SRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
'LPHQVLRQHVTXHFRQGLFLRQDQODHQVHxDQ]D
/DDGHFXDFLyQFXUULFXODU
,QQRYDFLRQHVHQODGLPHQVLyQGHJHVWLyQ
/DDFWXDOL]DFLyQ\IRUPDFLyQGHPDHVWURV
3HUVSHFWLYDV
%LEOLRJUDItD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
6LJODV
$10(%
$FXHUGR1DFLRQDOSDUDOD0RGHUQL]DFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
%iVLFD
&(1(9$/
&HQWUR1DFLRQDOSDUDOD(YDOXDFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
6XSHULRU
&,'(
&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\'HVDUUROORGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
&,19(67$9 &HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\GH(VWXGLRV$YDQ]DGRVGHO,31
&1$
&XUVRV1DFLRQDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
&20,(
&RQVHMR0H[LFDQRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD
&21$&\7
&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH&LHQFLD\7HFQRORJtD
&21$)(
&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH)RPHQWR(GXFDWLYR
&21$32
&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH3REODFLyQ
'*(
'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH(YDOXDFLyQ
'*00(
'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH0DWHULDOHV\0pWRGRV(GXFDWLYRV
',(
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV
('86$7
6LVWHPDGH7HOHYLVLyQ(GXFDWLYD
(1$+
(VFXHOD1DFLRQDOGH$QWURSRORJtDH+LVWRULD
(;$1,,
([DPHQ1DFLRQDOGH,QJUHVRDOD(GXFDFLyQ0HGLD6XSHULRU
*()(
*UXSRGH(VWXGLRVSDUDHO)LQDQFLDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
,'5&
,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW5HVHDUFK&HQWUH
,,3(
,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3ODQHDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQGH
81(6&2
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
6LJODV
,/&(
,QVWLWXWR/DWLQRDPHULFDQRGH&RPXQLFDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD
,0-89(
,QVWLWXWR0H[LFDQRGHOD-XYHQWXG
,1$
,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH$SUHQGL]DMHGH&RVWD5LFD
,1(*,
,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH(VWDGtVWLFD*HRJUDItDH,QIRUPiWLFD
,31
,QVWLWXWR3ROLWpFQLFR1DFLRQDO
,6&((0
,QVWLWXWR6XSHULRUGH&LHQFLDVGHOD(GXFDFLyQGHO(VWDGR
GH0p[LFR
2&'(
2UJDQL]DFLyQSDUDOD&RRSHUDFLyQ\HO'HVDUUROOR
(FRQyPLFR
2(,
2UJDQL]DFLyQGH(VWDGRV,EHURDPHULFDQRV
25($/&
2FLQD5HJLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ81(6&2SDUD$PpULFD
/DWLQD
3(1
3UXHEDVGH(VWiQGDUHV1DFLRQDOHV
3,6$
3URJUDPD,QWHUQDFLRQDOSDUDOD(YDOXDFLyQGHO(VWXGLDQWH
3521$3
3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ3HUPDQHQWHGHORV
0DHVWURVGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFDHQ6HUYLFLR
6($
6HFXQGDULDSDUD$GXOWRV
6(%\1
6XEVHFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD\1RUPDO
6(,7
6XEVHFUHWDULDGH(GXFDFLyQH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ7HFQROyJLFD
6(3
6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
617(
6LQGLFDWR1DFLRQDOGH7UDEDMDGRUHVGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
7*$
7DOOHUHV*HQHUDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
81$0
8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO$XWyQRPDGH0p[LFR
81(6&2
2UJDQL]DFLyQGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVSDUDOD(GXFDFLyQ
OD&LHQFLD\OD&XOWXUD
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
/LVWDGHFXDGURV
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
DSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
$QQHWWH6DQWRVGHO5HDO
&XDGUR
,QFUHPHQWRGHPDWUtFXOD\GHHVFXHODVSRUPRGDOLGDGGHHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULD
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRVHLQFUHPHQWRHQSRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
-yYHQHVGHDxRVTXHQRDVLVWHQDODHVFXHODSRUSHUWHQHQFLD
RQRDSREODFLyQKDEODQWHGHOHQJXDLQGtJHQDHQSRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
$OXPQRVGHWHUFHUJUDGRSRUPRGDOLGDG\HVFRODULGDGGHODPDGUH
VHJ~QQLYHOHQHVFDODGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUD
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
6XPDULRHMHFXWLYR
(VWHYROXPHQSUHVHQWDWUHVDUWtFXORVTXHDQDOL]DQHOSURFHVRGHUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHPSUHQGLGRHQ0p[LFRHQODGpFDGDGH(Q
HVWHSDtVODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDFRPSUHQGHHOQLYHOHGXFDWLYRGHWUHVDxRV
TXHVLJXHDORVVHLVDxRVGHODHGXFDFLyQSULPDULD\DQWHFHGHDORVGRVRWUHV
DxRVGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRU(VHO~OWLPRFLFORGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
\FRPRSDUWHGHOSURFHVRGHUHIRUPDGHVGHWLHQHFDUiFWHUREOLJDWRULR
(ODQiOLVLVVHIRFDOL]DHQGRVJUDQGHVFLFORVGHUHIRUPDTXHFDUDFWHUL]DURQ
DOSHUtRGRXQSULPHUFLFORLQLFLDGRHQ\FRQWLQXDGRFRQHO3URJUDPD
GH'HVDUUROOR(GXFDWLYR\XQVHJXQGRFLFORHQPDUFDGRHQHO
3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ
(OWUDEDMRGH$QQHWWH6DQWRVGHO5HDOSUHVHQWDHOHPHQWRVSDUDHYDOXDU
ODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHO(VWDGRIHGHUDOGHUHVSRQGHUDOFDUiFWHUREOLJDWRULRGH
ODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDPHGLDQWHHODQiOLVLVGHLQGLFDGRUHVGHHTXLGDG\
FDOLGDG$GHPiVGHDQDOL]DUHOWRWDOGHOSDtVHQHODQH[RHVWDGtVWLFRVHRIUHFHQ
GDWRVVREUHORTXHVXFHGHHQODVHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV
(Q OD DFWXDOLGDG OD HGXFDFLyQ VHFXQGDULD HQ 0p[LFR SUHVHQWD
WUHV PRGDOLGDGHV SULQFLSDOHV VHFXQGDULD JHQHUDO VHFXQGDULD WpFQLFD
\ WHOHVHFXQGDULD (Q DJRVWR GH DWHQGtD D DOXPQRV HQ
HVFXHODV$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHQODVHFXQGDULD
JHQHUDOHQVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDV\HQWHOHVHFXQGDULDVTXHIXHOD
PRGDOLGDGTXHPiVFUHFLyHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV
3HVHDORVDYDQFHVHQPDWHULDGHFREHUWXUDODDXWRUDUHFRQRFHTXHHO
(VWDGRWRGDYtDQRKDORJUDGRDVHJXUDUODVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDTXHWRGRVORV
MyYHQHVDFFHGDQDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDDOLQLFLRGHOPLOHQLRSRFRPiVGH
XQPLOOyQ\PHGLRGHMyYHQHVQRHVWDEDQLQFOXLGRVHQODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
\GHVWDFDTXHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVR\SHUPDQHQFLDVHKDQGLVWULEXLGR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
GHVLJXDOPHQWHHQWUHORVHVWDGRV\FRQUHVSHFWRDODVPXMHUHV\DORVMyYHQHV
TXHKDEODQOHQJXDLQGtJHQD
&RQUHVSHFWRDODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHHOGRFXPHQWRDQDOL]D
UHVXOWDGRVGHH[iPHQHVGHHYDOXDFLyQGHODFDOLGDGWDQWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
3,6$FRPRQDFLRQDOHV3UXHEDVGH(VWiQGDUHV1DFLRQDOHV\([DPHQGH
,QJUHVRDOD(GXFDFLyQ0HGLD6XSHULRU/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHO3,6$PXHVWUDQ
TXHPHQRVGHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVPH[LFDQRVGHTXLQFHDxRVORJUyDOFDQ]DU
HOQLYHOPiVDOWRGHDSWLWXGOHFWRUDPLHQWUDVTXHHOQLVLTXLHUDORJUyXQ
SXQWDMHVXFLHQWHSDUDDOFDQ]DUHOQLYHOPiVEDMRGHGHVHPSHxR
/DDXWRUDFRQFOX\HTXHODUHIRUPDLQLFLDGDHQVHFHQWUyHQUHDOL]DU
FDPELRVHQODHVWUXFWXUD\FRQWHQLGRVGHOFXUUtFXOXPSHURQRVHSUHJXQWySRU
ODVFRQGLFLRQHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV\QRUPDWLYDVTXHSRVLELOLWDUtDQVXDSOLFDFLyQ
HIHFWLYDHQODVDXODV(O3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQTXH
SURSRQHJHQHUDUXQDEDVHWpFQLFDVROYHQWHHQORVGLYHUVRViPELWRVGHO(VWDGR
RULHQWDUHOFXUULFXOXPDODIRUPDFLyQGHFRPSHWHQFLDVJHQHUDOHV\GLVHxDU
QXHYDVHVWUDWHJLDVGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQSDUDGRFHQWHVGLUHFWLYRV\HTXLSRWpFQLFRV
LQWHQWDVXSHUDUHVRVDVSHFWRV
&RPSOHPHQWDULDPHQWHHOWUDEDMRGH5DIDHO4XLUR]\(GXDUGR:HLVV
DQDOL]DORVDYDQFHV\OLPLWDFLRQHVGHFDGDXQRGHORVFLFORVGHODUHIRUPDFRQ
UHVSHFWRDORVDVSHFWRVFXUULFXODUHVORVSURJUDPDVLQQRYDGRUHVGHRSHUDFLyQ
GHOFXUULFXOXPODJHVWLyQHVFRODU\ODIRUPDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHGRFHQWHV
\GLUHFWLYRV
&RQUHVSHFWRDOFXUUtFXOXPHOGRFXPHQWRVHxDODTXHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODU
GHHVWDEOHFLGDGXUDQWHHOSULPHUFLFORGHUHIRUPDVFDPELyODWUDGLFLRQDO
RUJDQL]DFLyQSRUiUHDVDXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQSRUDVLJQDWXUDVFRQHODUJXPHQWRGH
TXHODRUJDQL]DFLyQSRUiUHDVKDEtDFRQWULEXLGRDODLQVXFLHQFLDHQODDGTXLVLFLyQ
GHXQDIRUPDFLyQGLVFLSOLQDULDRUGHQDGD\VyOLGDSRUSDUWHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
1RREVWDQWHORVDXWRUHVFRQVLGHUDQTXHUHVXOWDH[FHVLYDODFDQWLGDGDVLJQDWXUDV
\TXHQRVHWXYRHQFXHQWDDSRUWHVGHQXHYDVGLVFLSOLQDVFRPRHFRQRPtD
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
VRFLRORJtDDQWURSRORJtD7DPELpQVHFXHVWLRQDQTXHHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRXQSODQ
GHHVWXGLRVQDFLRQDO~QLFRQRWRPyHQFRQVLGHUDFLyQODKHWHURJHQHLGDGGH
LQWHUHVHV\FXOWXUDVMXYHQLOHVGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV/RVHQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]D
\ODVRULHQWDFLRQHVVREUHHYDOXDFLyQVRQFRQVLGHUDGRVODSDUWHPiVFRQVLVWHQWH
\YDOLRVDGHHVWDUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUSHURTXHORVPLVPRVHVWiQOLPLWDGRVSRUOD
H[FHVLYDFDQWLGDGGHFRQWHQLGRVHVWDEOHFLGRV\SRUODIRUPDHQTXHpVWRVIXHURQ
SODVPDGRVHQORVOLEURVGHWH[WR
$FRQWLQXDFLyQDQDOL]DQXQDSULPHUDYHUVLyQGHGHODUHIRUPD
GHOFXUULFXOXPFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDOVHJXQGRFLFORGHUHIRUPDVVHxDODQGR
TXHWUDWDGHVXEVDQDUODVGHFLHQFLDVGHWHFWDGDVHQODUHIRUPDDQWHULRU
DWHQGLHQGR PHMRU D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV GH ORV DGROHVFHQWHV UHGXFLHQGR HO
Q~PHURGHDVLJQDWXUDVSRUDxR\ODFDQWLGDGGHFRQWHQLGRVDLPSDUWLUHQ
FDGDXQD\HVWDEOHFLHQGRXQSOD]RPiVODUJRSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHORVOLEURV
GHWH[WRHVFRODUHV
7DPELpQ GHVFULEHQ DOJXQRV SURJUDPDV LQQRYDGRUHV GH RSHUDFLyQ
GHO FXUULFXOXP OD WHOHVHFXQGDULD OD SRVWSULPDULD UXUDO \ VHFXQGDULD
FRPXQLWDULDHO3URJUDPD6HFXQGDULD6LJOR;;,\ODVHFXQGDULDDGLVWDQFLD
SDUDDGXOWRV
(QFXDQWRDODVSROtWLFDVJHQHUDOHVGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDVHDQDOL]DOD
GHVFHQWUDOL]DFLyQDGPLQLVWUDWLYDIHGHUDOL]DFLyQGHVWDFDQGRTXHVLELHQIXH
LPSOHPHQWDGDUiSLGDPHQWHSUHVHQWDD~QPXFKDVFDUHQFLDVHQODLQWHJUDFLyQ
HQWUHORVVHUYLFLRVTXHDQWHVHUDQIHGHUDOHVFRQORVHVWDWDOHV
&RQUHVSHFWRDODIRUPDFLyQGHPDHVWURV\GRFHQWHVVHGHVFULEHHO
QXHYRSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHSUHVHQWDQGRHOSHUOGHHJUHVRHVWDEOHFLGR
\DQDOL]DQGRODVSRWHQFLDOLGDGHV\GHELOLGDGHVGHOQXHYRSODQ$VLPLVPR
LGHQWLFDQGRVPHFDQLVPRVTXHIXQFLRQDQHQODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVPDHVWURV
HQVHUYLFLRHOTXHVHSURPXHYHDWUDYpVGHODGLVWULEXFLyQGHOD6(3GHOLEURV
SDUDHOPDHVWURGHVHFXQGDULD\HOTXHVHGDDWUDYpVGHORVFXUVRV\WDOOHUHV
GHOSURJUDPDGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
&RQUHVSHFWRDODJHVWLyQHVFRODUORVDXWRUHVUHVFDWDQHOFRQVHQVR
HVWDEOHFLGRGXUDQWHHOVHJXQGRFLFORGHUHIRUPDVSDUDHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGH
XQDSROtWLFDFHQWUDGDHQHODXOD\HQODHVFXHODPHGLDQWHHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGR
GHORVGRFHQWHV&RPRHMHPSORVGHDFFLRQHVHQODJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYDVH
SUHVHQWDQWUHVSURJUDPDVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQSUR\HFWRHVFRODUHO3URJUDPD
HVFXHODVGHFDOLGDGOD5HQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYDGHODVHVFXHODV
S~EOLFDVGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD\OD2SHUDFLyQGHSUR\HFWRHVFRODUHQ
ODVVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVGHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDODQDOL]DQGRODVIRUWDOH]DV\
GHELOLGDGHVGHFDGDXQR
7DPELpQ VH VHxDOD OD QHFHVLGDG GH IRUWDOHFHU OD IRUPDFLyQ GH ORV
HTXLSRVWpFQLFRVUHJLRQDOHVSDUDGLVPLQXLUODGHVLJXDOGDGUHJLRQDOHQOD
FDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDOODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHGRFHQWHV\ODDVHVRUtDSHGDJyJLFD
HQODVHVFXHODV(OSUR\HFWR5HQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYDGHODV
HVFXHODVS~EOLFDVGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHVXQEXHQHMHPSORGHFyPR
DYDQ]DUHQHVWHSURFHVR
/RVDXWRUHVFRQFOX\HQTXHORVWUHViPELWRVGHOD5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD
(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULDTXHGHEHQVHUIRUWDOHFLGRVSDUDPHMRUDUODHQVHxDQ]D
VRQHOFXUULFXOXPODJHVWLyQHVFRODU\ODIRUPDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHORV
PDHVWURV
)LQDOPHQWHHOWUDEDMRGH(GXDUGR:HLVVUHDOL]DXQDVtQWHVLVGHORV
GRVWUDEDMRVDQWHULRUHVSUHVHQWDQGRSHUVSHFWLYDV\GHVDItRVGHODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULD
'HVWDFDTXHHQORV~OWLPRVGLH]DxRVVHKDKHFKRXQLPSRUWDQWHHVIXHU]R
SRU KDFHU OD VHFXQGDULD DFFHVLEOH D ODV SREODFLRQHV UXUDOHV SHTXHxDV \
GLVSHUVDVDWUDYpVGHODH[SDQVLyQGHODRIHUWD\GHXQSURJUDPDGHD\XGDV
HFRQyPLFDVDIDPLOLDV/DVWHFQRORJtDVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRPXQLFDFLyQKDQ
WHQLGRXQLPSXOVRPX\LPSRUWDQWHHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGH
ODWHOHVHFXQGDULD6HxDODTXHD~QKD\PXFKRSRUKDFHUHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQ
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
6XPDULR
UHODFLyQFRQODSREODFLyQLQGtJHQD\TXHVHUiFDGDYH]PiVGLItFLOOOHJDUD
ORVJUXSRVPiVYXOQHUDEOHV\SREODFLRQHVPiVGLVSHUVDV
$XQTXHKD\DYDQFHVHQHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHODVWDVDVGHHVFRODUL]DFLyQODV
HYDOXDFLRQHVGHODSUHQGL]DMHPXHVWUDQTXHQRVHKDORJUDGRXQLYHUVDOL]DUHO
DFFHVRDFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDV(OUHWRSULPRUGLDOHVWUDQVIRUPDUODVHVFXHODV
\HQFRQWUDUQXHYDVIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DUHODSUHQGL]DMH
$VLPLVPRSODQWHDTXHHOSURFHVRGHUHIRUPDQRVHKDHQIRFDGRHQ
0p[LFR DO SUREOHPD GH DUWLFXODFLyQ HQWUH ORV GRV QLYHOHV GH OD DQWLJXD
HGXFDFLyQPHGLDODEiVLFD\ODPHGLDVXSHULRU$ODXPHQWDUORVQLYHOHVGH
HVFRODUL]DFLyQHQHOQLYHOPHGLRVXSHULRU\UHTXHULUVHHVHWtWXORHQ]RQDV
XUEDQDVFRPRUHTXLVLWRSDUDHPSOHRVIRUPDOHVVHSRQHHQFXHVWLyQHOVHQWLGR
GHODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDV
/DIHGHUDOL]DFLyQHGXFDWLYDKDYXHOWRPiVFRPSOHMDODQHJRFLDFLyQFRQ
UHVSHFWRDOQDQFLDPLHQWRHQWUHHOQLYHOQDFLRQDO\ORVHVWDGRVVLHQGRHQ
ORVHVWDGRVPiVSREUHVGRQGHJHQHUDOPHQWHODLPEULFDFLyQHQWUHHVWUXFWXUDV
DGPLQLVWUDWLYDV\HVWUXFWXUDVVLQGLFDOHVVRQPiVSURQXQFLDGDV
(OSUREOHPDGHODGHVLJXDOGDGUHJLRQDOVHPDQLHVWDWDPELpQHQORV
HTXLSRVWpFQLFRVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHODFDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDOGHODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGH
GRFHQWHV\GHODDVHVRUtDSHGDJyJLFDHQODVHVFXHODV(OUHWRHVGHVDUUROODUOD
FDSDFLGDGWpFQLFDHQORVHVWDGRVORVVHFWRUHV\ODVHVFXHODVORFXDOUHTXLHUH
GHVDUUROODUHQSDUDOHORHVWUDWHJLDVGHIRPHQWRDODGHVFHQWUDOL]DFLyQGHOD
LQYHVWLJDFLyQHLQQRYDFLyQ\GHYROYHUODIDFXOWDGGHGHFLVLyQDORVHVWDGRV
\DODVHVFXHODV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([HFXWLYH6XPPDU\
7KLVERRNSUHVHQWVWKUHHSDSHUVRQWKHORZHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ
UHIRUPSURFHVVWDNLQJSODFHLQ0H[LFRVLQFHWKHV,Q0H[LFRORZHU
VHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQLVRIWKUHH\HDUVGXUDWLRQLWIROORZVWKHVL[\HDUVRI
SULPDU\HGXFDWLRQDQGSUHFHGHVWKHWZRRUWKUHH\HDUVRIXSSHUVHFRQGDU\
HGXFDWLRQ/RZHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQLVWKHQDOOHYHORIWKHEDVLFHGXFDWLRQ
V\VWHPDQGDVSDUWRIWKHUHIRUPSURFHVVKDVEHHQFRPSXOVRU\VLQFH
7KLVERRNDQDO\]HVWZRGLIIHUHQWF\FOHVRUSHULRGVRIWKHUHIRUPSURFHVV
DRQHWKDWLQLWLDWHGLQDQGIROORZHGE\WKH'HYHORSPHQW(GXFDWLRQ
3URJUDPPH DQG E DQRWKHU WKDW LQLWLDWHG ZLWK WKH 1DWLRQDO
(GXFDWLRQ3URJUDPPH
7KHSDSHUZULWWHQE\$QQHWWH6DQWRVGHO5HDOSUHVHQWVHOHPHQWVZLWKZKLFK
WRHYDOXDWHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWLQLWLDWLYHVWRDFKLHYHWKHJRDORIFRPSXOVRU\
VHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ6KHDQDO\]HVWKHVLWXDWLRQLQWKHZKROHFRXQWU\DQG
DOVRSURYLGHVLQIRUPDWLRQRQHDFKLQGLYLGXDOVWDWH
1RZDGD\VVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQLQ0H[LFRLVRUJDQL]HGLQWKUHHPDLQ
VWUHDPVJHQHUDOVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQWHFKQLFDOVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQDQG
WHOHYLVLRQEDVHGORZHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQSURJUDPPHWHOHVHFXQGDULD
,Q$XJXVWVWXGHQWVZHUHHQUROOHGLQVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQLQ
VFKRROVDSSUR[LPDWHO\SHUFHQWRIZKLFKZHUHLQJHQHUDOVHFRQGDU\
HGXFDWLRQSHUFHQWLQWHFKQLFDOVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQDQGSHUFHQWLQ
WHOHVHFXQGDULDWKHVWUHDPZKLFKKDVVHHQWKHKLJKHVWJURZWKLQUHFHQW
\HDUV
$OWKRXJKWKHLQFUHDVHLQHQUROPHQWUDWHVLVDFNQRZOHGJHGWKHDXWKRU
SRLQWVRXWWKDWWKHJRYHUQPHQWKDVQRW\HWDFKLHYHGWKHQHFHVVDU\FRQGLWLRQV
WRJXDUDQWHHDOO\RXWKDFFHVVWRVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ$WWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH
PLOOHQQLXPRYHUPLOOLRQ\RXQJSHRSOHZHUHQRWHQUROOHGLQVHFRQGDU\
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HGXFDWLRQ6KHDOVRVKRZVWKDWWKHRSSRUWXQLWLHVRIDFFHVVLQJVHFRQGDU\
HGXFDWLRQDUHXQHTXDOO\GLVWULEXWHGDPRQJWKHVWDWHVDQGDOVRZLWKUHJDUGWR
ZRPHQDQGLQGLJHQRXVSRSXODWLRQV
7KHSDSHUDQDO\]HVWKHUHVXOWVRILQWHUQDWLRQDOTXDOLW\DVVHVVPHQWVVXFK
DV3,6$DVZHOODVWKRVHRIQDWLRQDODVVHVVPHQWV7KH3,6$UHVXOWVVKRZV
WKDWOHVVWKDQSHUFHQWRI\HDUROG0H[LFDQVWXGHQWVDFKLHYHWKHKLJKHVW
OHYHOVLQUHDGLQJDSWLWXGHWHVWVZKLOHSHUFHQWRIWKHVWXGHQWVGRQWUHDFK
WKHORZHVWOHYHO
6DQWRVFRQFOXGHVWKDWDOWKRXJKWKHUHIRUPZDVIRFXVHGRQFKDQJLQJ
WKHVWUXFWXUHDQGFRQWHQWVRIWKHFXUULFXOXPLWGLGQWLQYHVWLJDWHWKHLQVWLWXWLRQDO
FRQGLWLRQVDQGUHJXODWLRQVUHTXLUHGWRLPSOHPHQWWKLVUHIRUPLQWKHFODVVURRP
6KHFRQVLGHUVWKDWWKH1DWLRQDO(GXFDWLRQ3URJUDPPHDWWHPSWV
WRJLYHDWHFKQLFDOEDVHE\ZKLFKWRLPSURYHWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKH
UHIRUPWRRULHQWDWHWKHFXUULFXOXPWRJHQHUDOVNLOOVGHYHORSPHQWDQGWR
GHVLJQLQQRYDWLYHVWUDWHJLHVIRUWKHFRQWLQXDOWUDLQLQJDQGXSGDWLQJRIWKH
NQRZOHGJHRIWHDFKHUVSULQFLSDOVDQGWHFKQLFDOWHDPV
7KHSDSHUE\5DIDHO4XLUR]DQG(GXDUGR:HLVVDQDO\]HVWKHVFRSHV
DQGOLPLWVRIHDFKUHIRUPF\FOHZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHFXUULFXOXPLQQRYDWLYH
SURJUDPPHVVFKRROPDQDJHPHQWDQGWKHWUDLQLQJRIWHDFKHUVDQGSULQFLSDOV
DQGNHHSLQJWKHPXSWRGDWH
5HJDUGLQJFXUULFXOXPWKHSDSHUVWDWHVWKDWWKHUHIRUPWKDWRI
GXULQJWKHUVWUHIRUPF\FOHFKDQJHGWKHWUDGLWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQLHE\
DUHDVLQWRDQRUJDQL]DWLRQE\VXEMHFWVLQRUGHUWRKHOSSURYLGHDEHWWHUDQG
PRUHHIFLHQWOHDUQLQJSURFHVV+RZHYHUWKHDXWKRUVSRLQWRXWWKDWWKH
TXDQWLW\RIVXEMHFWVUHPDLQVWREHH[FHVVLYHDQGWKDWQHZGLVFLSOLQHVVXFKDV
HFRQRP\VRFLRORJ\DQGDQWKURSRORJ\DUHQWLQFOXGHG7KHFUHDWLRQRIDQDWLRQDO
FXUULFXOXPXQLIRUPIRUWKHZKROHFRXQWU\LVDOVRFRQWHVWHGZLWKWKHDUJXPHQW
WKDWLWGRHVQWWDNHLQWRDFFRXQWWKHGLYHUVLW\LQWKHLQWHUHVWVDQGFXOWXUHVRI
WKH\RXWKVDQGDGROHVFHQWV:KLOHWKHWHDFKLQJDSSURDFKHVDQGDVVHVVPHQW
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
6XPPDU\
VWUDWHJLHVDUHFRQVLGHUHGWKHPRVWYDOXDEOHSDUWRIWKHUHIRUPWKHH[FHVVLYH
DPRXQWRIFRQWHQWLQHDFKVXEMHFWDQGWKHWH[WERRNVXVHGDUHFRQVLGHUHGWKH
ZHDNHVWSRLQWVRIWKHUHIRUP
7KHDXWKRUVJRRQWRDQDO\]HDUVWYHUVLRQRIWKHQHZFXUULFXOXP
UHIRUPGDWLQJIURPZKLFKLVLQFOXGHGLQWKHVHFRQGF\FOHRIWKHUHIRUP
SURFHVV7KLVUHIRUPWULHVWRUHVROYHVRPHRIWKHIDLOXUHVLGHQWLHGLQWKH
IRUPHUJLYLQJVSHFLDODWWHQWLRQWRDGROHVFHQWVQHHGVUHGXFLQJWKHQXPEHURI
VXEMHFWVWDNHQSHU\HDUDQGWKHDPRXQWRIFRQWHQWLQHDFKRQHDQGDOORZLQJ
DGHTXDWHWLPHIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWH[WERRNV7KHDXWKRUVDOVRGHVFULEH
VRPHLQQRYDWLYHSURJUDPPHVVXFKDVWKHWHOHYLVLRQEDVHGORZHUVHFRQGDU\
HGXFDWLRQSURJUDPPH7HOHVHFXQGDULD&21$)(VUXUDOFRPPXQLW\EDVHG
ORZHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQSURJUDPPH3RVWSULPDULD&RPXQLWDULD5XUDO
;;,FHQWXU\VHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ6HFXQGDULD6LJOR;;,DQGGLVWDQFH
VHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQIRUDGXOWV6HFXQGDULDD'LVWDQFLDSDUD$GXOWRV
7KH DXWKRUV DQDO\]H WKH DGPLQLVWUDWLYH GHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQ LQ EDVLF
HGXFDWLRQSROLFLHVKLJKOLJKWLQJLWVIDVWLPSOHPHQWDWLRQEXWDOVRLGHQWLI\LQJ
VRPHGLIFXOWLHVLQLWVLQWHJUDWLRQEHWZHHQWKHIRUPHUQDWLRQDOVHUYLFHVDQG
WKRVHSURYLGHGE\WKHLQGLYLGXDOVWDWHV
:LWKUHVSHFWWRWHDFKHUWUDLQLQJWKHQHZFXUULFXOXPIURPLV
GHVFULEHGDQDO\]LQJWKHJUDGXDWHSUROHDQGLWVVFRSHVDQGOLPLWV7ZRW\SHV
RILQVHUYLFHWUDLQLQJIRUWHDFKHUVDUHLGHQWLHGDRQHSURPRWHGE\WKH6(3
RIFHWKURXJKWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIERRNVDQGEDQRWKHURUJDQL]HGE\WKH
XSGDWLQJSURJUDPPHWKURXJKFRXUVHVDQGZRUNVKRSV
5HJDUGLQJVFKRROPDQDJHPHQWWKHDXWKRUVKLJKOLJKWWKHFRQVHQVXV
HVWDEOLVKHGGXULQJWKHVHFRQGF\FOHRIUHIRUPVUHJDUGLQJSROLFLHVFHQWUHGLQ
WKHFODVVURRPDQGLQVFKRROVDQGDQDO\]HWKUHHSURJUDPPHVWKDWDUHIRFXVHG
RQWKHLPSURYHPHQWRIWKHVFKRROSURMHFW4XDOLW\VFKRROV(VFXHODVGH
&DOLGDG2UJDQL]DWLRQDODQGSHGDJRJLFDOUHQHZDORIWKHSXEOLFVHFRQGDU\
VFKRROV5HQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYDGHODVHVFXHODVS~EOLFDVGH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDDQG2SHUDWLRQRIWKHVFKRROSURMHFWLQWKHJHQHUDO
VHFRQGDU\VFKRROVRIWKHIHGHUDOGLVWULFW2SHUDFLyQGHOSUR\HFWRHVFRODU
HQODVVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVGHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
7KHDXWKRUVDOVRPHQWLRQWKHQHHGWRVWUHQJWKHQWKHWUDLQLQJRIUHJLRQDO
WHFKQLFDOWHDPVLQRUGHUWRUHGXFHLQHTXDOLWLHVDPRQJUHJLRQVZLWKUHVSHFWWR
WUDLQLQJXSGDWLQJDQGSHGDJRJLFDODVVHVVPHQWRIVFKRROV7KHSURJUDPPH
2UJDQL]DWLRQDODQGSHGDJRJLFDOUHQHZDORIWKHSXEOLFVHFRQGDU\VFKRROVLV
DQH[DPSOHRISUDFWLFHRULHQWHGWRZDUGVLPSURYLQJWKLVSURFHVV
7KHDXWKRUVFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHWKUHHPDLQDUHDVQHHGLQJDWWHQWLRQLQRUGHU
WRDFKLHYHDFRPSUHKHQVLYHVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQUHIRUPDUHFXUULFXOXP
VFKRROPDQDJHPHQWDQGWHDFKHUWUDLQLQJ
)LQDOO\(GXDUGR:HLVVVSDSHUSUHVHQWVDV\QWKHVLVRIWKHWZRFKDSWHUV
PHQWLRQHGDERYHDQGHYRNHVVRPHSHUVSHFWLYHVDQGFKDOOHQJHVRIVHFRQGDU\
HGXFDWLRQLQ0H[LFR+HUHFRJQL]HVWKDWLQWKHODVWWHQ\HDUVWKHJRYHUQPHQW
KDVPDGHDQLPSRUWDQWHIIRUWWRH[WHQGVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQWRVPDOOUXUDO
YLOODJHVWKURXJKH[SDQGLQJWKHRIIHURIVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQDQGE\SURYLGLQJ
QDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHWRIDPLOLHV,QIRUPDWLRQDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQWHFKQRORJLHV
KDYHDOVREHHQVWUHQJWKHQHGHVSHFLDOO\ZLWKWKHWHOHVHFXQGDULDVWUHDP+H
SRLQWVRXWWKDWWKHUHLVDQHHGWRIRFXVSROLFLHVRQLQGLJHQRXVSRSXODWLRQVDQG
KHIRUHVHHVWKDWLWZLOOEHLQFUHDVLQJO\GLIFXOWWRUHDFKWKHPRVWYXOQHUDEOH
JURXSVDVZHOODVUHPRWHYLOODJHVDQGSRSXODWLRQV
$OWKRXJKHQUROPHQWUDWHVKDYHLQFUHDVHGOHDUQLQJDVVHVVPHQWVVKRZ
ZHDNQHVVHVLQLQFUHDVLQJDFFHVVWRJHQHUDOVNLOOV7KHFKDOOHQJHLVWRWUDQVIRUP
VFKRROVDQGQGQHZZD\VRIRUJDQL]LQJWKHWHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJSURFHVV
:HLVVJRHVRQWRVWUHVVWKDWWKHGHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQSURFHVVKDVQWWDNHQLQWR
DFFRXQWKRZORZHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQOLQNVWRXSSHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ
,QFUHDVHGHQUROPHQWVLQXSSHUVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQDQGWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
6XPPDU\
WKHODWWHULQQGLQJIRUPDOHPSOR\PHQWLQXUEDQDUHDVTXHVWLRQVLQSDUWWKH
VHQVHDQGIXWXUHRIWHFKQLFDOVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ
7KHGHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQRIHGXFDWLRQKDVFRQVLGHUDEO\FRPSOLFDWHGWKH
QHJRWLDWLRQSURFHVVEHWZHHQWKHQDWLRQDOJRYHUQPHQWDQGWKHVWDWHVHVSHFLDOO\
LQWKHSRRUHUVWDWHVZKHUHWKHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWHDFKHUVXQLRQVDQG
WKHDGPLQLVWUDWLRQLVRIWHQFRQLFWLYH
7KHSUREOHPRILQHTXDOLW\DPRQJVWDWHVLVDOVRKLJKOLJKWHGGXHWRWKH
GLIIHUHQFHVIRXQGLQWKHUHJLRQDOWHFKQLFDOWHDPVLQFKDUJHRIWKHWHDFKHUV
FDUHHUVWKHLUFRQWLQXDOWUDLQLQJDQGWKHTXDOLW\RISHGDJRJLFDODGYLVRUVLQ
VFKRROV7KHFKDOOHQJHLVWRGHYHORSDQGVWUHQJWKHQWKHFDSDFLW\RIWKH
WHFKQLFDOWHDPVLQHDFKVWDWHE\GHFHQWUDOL]LQJUHVHDUFKDQGGHYROYLQJPRUH
GHFLVLRQPDNLQJSRZHUVWRWKHVWDWHVDQGVFKRROV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
$QQHWWH6DQWRVGHO5HDO
/LFHQFLDGDHQ3HGDJRJtDSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO$XWyQRPD
GH0p[LFR\'RFWRUDHQ(GXFDFLyQSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV'HGLFDGDDOHVWXGLRGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDGHVGH
$FWXDOPHQWHFRODERUDFRQOD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFDFRPR
UHVSRQVDEOHGHODJHQHUDFLyQ\DQiOLVLVGHLQIRUPDFLyQSDUDOD5HIRUPD
,QWHJUDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
&DStWXOR
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
HQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLD
FDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
,QWURGXFFLyQ
(QPDU]RGHFRQODPRGLFDFLyQGHORVDUWtFXORV\GHOD
&RQVWLWXFLyQ3ROtWLFDGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV0H[LFDQRVODHQVHxDQ]DVHFXQGDULD
DGTXLHUHFDUiFWHUREOLJDWRULRSDUDWRGRVORVFLXGDGDQRV(VWDGHFLVLyQLPSOLFD
SRUXQODGRTXHHO(VWDGR)HGHUDFLyQ(VWDGRV\0XQLFLSLRVGHEHLPSDUWLU
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDJUDWXLWD\ODLFDDWRGRVORVLQGLYLGXRV\SRURWURTXH
ORVSDGUHVGHIDPLOLDGHEHQKDFHUTXHVXVKLMRVRSXSLORVFRQFXUUDQDODV
HVFXHODVS~EOLFDVRSULYDGDVSDUDREWHQHUOD&RQVHFXHQWHPHQWHOD/H\
*HQHUDOGH(GXFDFLyQDSUREDGDHQMXOLRGHOPLVPRDxRSUHVFULEHHVWH
FDUiFWHUREOLJDWRULRHQVXVDUWtFXORV\&RQHVWDVUHIRUPDVDOD/H\VH
HVWDEOHFHXQDHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDREOLJDWRULDGHQXHYHJUDGRV
(VWH GRFXPHQWR HVWi HODERUDGR VREUH OD EDVH GH 6(%\1 'RFXPHQWR EDVH
5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD
\1RUPDO
/DDXWRUDGHOSUHVHQWHDUWtFXOR$QQHWWH6DQWRVGHO5HDOHVFRODERUDGRUDHQOD6HFUHWDUtD
GH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFDFRPRUHVSRQVDEOHGHODJHQHUDFLyQ\DQiOLVLVGHLQIRUPDFLyQSDUD
OD5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD
(QQRYLHPEUHGHVHHVWDEOHFHODREOLJDWRULHGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQSUHHVFRODUSDUD
ODSREODFLyQLQIDQWLOGHWUHVDFLQFRDxRV\SRUWDQWRHOFLFOREiVLFRVHH[WLHQGHDGRFH
JUDGRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(Q0p[LFRODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDVHFXUVDGHVSXpVGHKDEHUFRQFOXLGR
VHLVJUDGRVGHSULPDULD\HVUHTXLVLWRSDUDLQJUHVDUDOQLYHOPHGLRVXSHULRU
/RVHJUHVDGRVGHSULPDULDPHQRUHVGHGLHFLVpLVDxRVSXHGHQFRQWLQXDUVX
HGXFDFLyQEiVLFDHQDOJXQDGHODVWUHVPRGDOLGDGHVHVFRODUL]DGDVDVDEHU
JHQHUDOWpFQLFD\WHOHVHFXQGDULD
/DV HVFXHODV VHFXQGDULDV JHQHUDOHV VXUJLHURQ FRQ HO QLYHO PLVPR
DFWXDOPHQWHDWLHQGHQSREODFLRQHVXUEDQDV\UXUDOHV(VWiQRUJDQL]DGDVSDUD
TXHFDGDDVLJQDWXUDGHOFXUUtFXOXPVHDLPSDUWLGDSRUXQSURIHVRUHVSHFLDOL]DGR
HQODPDWHULD
/DV VHFXQGDULDV WpFQLFDV FRPSDUWHQ HVWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FRQ ODV
VHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVSHURVHGLVWLQJXHQSRUGHGLFDU GHIDFWRXQPD\RU
HVSDFLRFXUULFXODUDODVDFWLYLGDGHVWHFQROyJLFDVORTXHFRQIUHFXHQFLDLPSOLFD
UHGXFLUHOWLHPSRGHVWLQDGRDODVVHVLRQHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHGHODVDVLJQDWXUDV
DFDGpPLFDV/DVVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDVSXHGHQVHULQGXVWULDOHVDJURSHFXDULDV
SHVTXHUDVIRUHVWDOHVRLQGtJHQDV
/DWHOHVHFXQGDULDIXHFUHDGDHQFRQHOREMHWRGHEULQGDUHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULDDMyYHQHVTXHYLYHQIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQFRPXQLGDGHVUXUDOHV
3DUD ORV HJUHVDGRV GH SULPDULD PD\RUHV GH TXLQFH DxRV H[LVWHQ IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH
WUHVRSFLRQHVXQDHVFRODUL]DGDVHFXQGDULDSDUDWUDEDMDGRUHVHOVLVWHPDDELHUWR\OD
VHFXQGDULDSDUDDGXOWRV6($6LQHPEDUJRFRQYLHQHVHxDODUTXHHQDJRVWRGH
HO&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH)RPHQWR(GXFDWLYR&21$)(FRPHQ]yDRSHUDUFRQFDUiFWHU
H[SHULPHQWDOXQDQXHYDPRGDOLGDGHQFHUFDGHORFDOLGDGHVUXUDOHVFRQXQQ~PHUR
PX\UHGXFLGRGHKDELWDQWHVVHFXQGDULDVFRPXQLWDULDV
$XQTXHQRVLHPSUHH[LVWHFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQWUHHOSHUOSURIHVLRQDOGHOGRFHQWH\ODV
DVLJQDWXUDVTXHLPSDUWH
/D'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD7pFQLFDGHSHQGHGHOD6XEVHFUHWDULDGH
(GXFDFLyQH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ7HFQROyJLFD6(,7PLHQWUDVTXHODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDV
JHQHUDOHV\ODVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVHVWiQDGVFULWDVDOD6XEVHFUHWDULDGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD
\1RUPDODXQTXHHVHVWD~OWLPDTXLHQQRUPDWLYDPHQWHHVUHVSRQVDEOHGHUHJXODUHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODVHVFXHODVOD6(,7HPLWHVXVSURSLRVOLQHDPLHQWRV\RUGHQDGH
PDQHUDLQGLUHFWD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
SHTXHxDVDOHMDGDVGHORVFHQWURVXUEDQRVHQGRQGHUHVXOWDLQFRVWHDEOH
HVWDEOHFHUVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVRWpFQLFDV6LELHQSHUVLJXHORVPLVPRV
REMHWLYRVHGXFDWLYRV\RIUHFHHOPLVPRFXUUtFXOXPTXHODVRWUDVPRGDOLGDGHV
GLHUHHQODIRUPDGHRSHUDFLyQHQVXRUJDQL]DFLyQ\HQORVUHFXUVRVGLGiFWLFRV
TXHXWLOL]D
/DWHOHVHFXQGDULDUH~QHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODHGXFDFLyQHVFRODUL]DGD\
GHODHGXFDFLyQDGLVWDQFLDSXHVDXQTXHKDFHXVRGHPHGLRVHOHFWUyQLFRV
\GHPDWHULDOLPSUHVRHODERUDGRSDUDSURPRYHUHODXWRDSUHQGL]DMHGHVXV
DOXPQRVpVWRVDVLVWHQREOLJDWRULDPHQWHDODHVFXHODHVWiQVXMHWRVDXQ
KRUDULR\FXHQWDQFRQODSUHVHQFLDGHXQPDHVWURUHVSRQVDEOHGHOSURFHVR
GHHQVHxDQ]D6(3
$FWXDOPHQWHGHODPDWUtFXODQDFLRQDOHVDWHQGLGDSRUODVHFXQGDULD
JHQHUDOSRUODPRGDOLGDGWpFQLFD\SRUODWHOHVHFXQGDULD
(VWHDUWtFXORVHSURSRQHRIUHFHUHOHPHQWRVSDUDYDORUDUTXpWDQFHUFDR
TXpWDQOHMRVVHHQFXHQWUD0p[LFRGHKDFHUHIHFWLYRHOFDUiFWHUREOLJDWRULRGH
ODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDDVtFRPRGHVFULELUDOJXQRVGHORVIDFWRUHVDVRFLDGRV
FRQODLQHFDFLDHLQHTXLGDGGHHVWHWUDPRHGXFDWLYR(QVXSDUWHQDOPLUDORV
UHWRVSODQWHDGRVGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHOD5HIRUPDGHOQLYHOTXHDFWXDOPHQWH
VHHVWiUHDOL]DQGRHQHVWHSDtV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&UHFLPLHQWRGHPDWUtFXODDSDUWLUGHOD
REOLJDWRULHGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
\SDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODVPRGDOLGDGHV
HQODH[SDQVLyQGHODFREHUWXUD
(QWUH\FLFORHVFRODUTXHPDUFDHOLQLFLRGHODREOLJDWRULHGDG
GHODVHFXQGDULD\ODPDWUtFXODGHHVWHQLYHOFUHFLy(Q
YHLQWHGHORVWUHLQWD\GRVHVWDGRVHOLQFUHPHQWRGHPDWUtFXODUHEDVyODWDVD
QDFLRQDO&KLDSDV\4XLQWDQD5RRUHJLVWUDQFUHFLPLHQWRVGH\VyORHQ
HO(VWDGR&DSLWDOVHREVHUYDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQFHUFDQDD
(OLQFUHPHQWRGHPDWUtFXODH[SHULPHQWDGRSRUODPRGDOLGDGGHWHOH
VHFXQGDULDIXHFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHPD\RUTXHHOGHODVHVFXHODVJHQHUDOHV\
WpFQLFDV\H[SOLFDFDVLODPLWDGGHOFUHFLPLHQWRQDFLRQDOSXHVGHFDGDFLHQ
DOXPQRVTXHLQJUHVDURQDODVHFXQGDULDGXUDQWHHVRVQXHYHDxRVFXDUHQWD\
VLHWHORKLFLHURQYtDHVWDPRGDOLGDG
(VSUREDEOHTXHHVWDGLVPLQXFLyQVHGHEDHQSDUWHDOLQFUHPHQWRGHHVFXHODVHQORV
PXQLFLSLRVFRQXUEDGQRVPXQLFLSLRVGHO(VWDGRGH0p[LFRTXHFROLQGDQFRQHO'LVWULWR
)HGHUDO\TXHMXQWRFRQpVWHFRQIRUPDQHOiUHDPHWURSROLWDQDGHOD&LXGDGGH0p[LFR
HVGHFLUORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXHDQWHVGHEtDQGHVSOD]DUVHDODFLXGDGFDSLWDOSDUDHVWXGLDU
ODVHFXQGDULDDKRUDHQFXHQWUDQRSFLRQHVPiVFHUFDQDVDVXOXJDUGHUHVLGHQFLD
7DOH[SDQVLyQHVFRQVHFXHQWHFRQHOSDSHOHVWUDWpJLFRTXHHO3URJUDPDGH'HVDUUROOR
(GXFDWLYROHRWRUJyDHVWDPRGDOLGDGHGXFDWLYDHQODDPSOLDFLyQGHODRIHUWD
(QGLFKRGRFXPHQWRVHSURSXVRTXHSDUDHODxRVHDXPHQWDUtDSRUORPHQRV
HOQ~PHURGHWHOHVHFXQGDULDVHQHOSDtVUHVSHFWRGHODVH[LVWHQWHVHQHOFLFORHVFRODU
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR ,QFUHPHQWRGHPDWUtFXOD\GHHVFXHODVSRUPRGDOLGDG
GHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRVHLQFUHPHQWRHQSRUFHQWDMHV
0RGDOLGDG
0DWUtFXOD
'LI
(VFXHODV
*HQHUDO
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
7RWDO
'LI
)XHQWH6(3VLQIHFKD
(Q HO &XDGUR OD PRGDOLGDG JHQHUDO LQFOX\H ODV VHFXQGDULDV
SDUD WUDEDMDGRUHV pVWDV DWLHQGHQ D PHQRV GH GH OD PDWUtFXOD WRWDO
DOXPQRV\PXHVWUDQXQDJUDGXDO\DFHQWXDGDGLVPLQXFLyQGHVX
SDUWLFLSDFLyQHQODDWHQFLyQGHODGHPDQGD(QFDWRUFHHVWDGRVODH[SDQVLyQ
GHODFREHUWXUDYtDODWHOHVHFXQGDULDKDVLGRVXSHULRUDODWDVDQDFLRQDO
GHVWDFiQGRVH&KLDSDV*XDQDMXDWR+LGDOJR2D[DFD\7DEDVFRGRQGHHO
FUHFLPLHQWRGHHVWDPRGDOLGDGH[SOLFDHQWUH\GHOLQFUHPHQWRHVWDWDO
GHPDWUtFXODGXUDQWHORV~OWLPRVQXHYHDxRV\9HUDFUX]GRQGHDOFDQ]DVX
Pi[LPDSDUWLFLSDFLyQ&XDGURV\$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR&RQYLHQH
VHxDODUTXHDOLQLFLRGHORVQRYHQWDRFKRGHHVWRVFDWRUFHHVWDGRVUHJLVWUDEDQ
ORVtQGLFHVPiVDOWRVGHUH]DJRHQHOiPELWRQDFLRQDO
/DQRWDEOHSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODWHOHVHFXQGDULDHQODDPSOLDFLyQGHOD
FREHUWXUDVHUHODFLRQDFRQHOKHFKRGHTXHIXHFUHDGDSDUDRSHUDUHQORFDOLGDGHV
(OUH]DJRHVFRODUUHHUHDODSREODFLyQHQWUH\DxRVGHHGDGTXHKDGHMDGRGHDVLVWLU
DODHVFXHODVLQKDEHUFRQFOXLGRVXHVFRODULGDGEiVLFDREOLJDWRULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
UXUDOHVSHTXHxDVGHODVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVGHOSDtVDWLHQGHQHQWUHGRV\
FLQFXHQWDDOXPQRVGRQGHVLQOXJDUDGXGDVVHHQFXHQWUDEXHQDSDUWHGHO
UH]DJRGHVHFXQGDULDWDPELpQVHYLQFXODFRQHOKHFKRGHTXHHVPHQRVFRVWRVD
TXHODVVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHV\WpFQLFDV(QUHDOLGDGVLJXHVLHQGROD~QLFD
RSFLyQSDUDOOHYDUHOVHUYLFLRDSREODFLRQHVGLVSHUVDVOHMDQDV
/DUiSLGDH[SDQVLyQGHODWHOHVHFXQGDULDKDFLDODVORFDOLGDGHVPiV
DSDUWDGDVRGLVSHUVDVKDIDYRUHFLGRODSUHVHQFLDGHYHUVLRQHVHPSREUHFLGDV
GHOPRGHORGRQGHXQPLVPRSURIHVRUWUDEDMDFRQGRVyWUHVJUDGRVDOD
YH]7DQWRORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRFRPRORVFRPSRQHQWHVGLGiFWLFRVTXH
XWLOL]DHOPRGHORSURJUDPDVGHWHOHYLVLyQJXtDVGHDSUHQGL]DMH\OLEURV
GHFRQFHSWRVEiVLFRVHVWiQGLIHUHQFLDGRVSRUJUDGRHVFRODU$GHPiVORV
PDHVWURVFXPSOHQSDUDOHODPHQWHFRQIXQFLRQHVGLUHFWLYDV\QRUHFLEHQQLQJXQD
DVHVRUtDRFDSDFLWDFLyQIRUPDOSDUDGHVHPSHxDUHVWDVWDUHDVQLSDUDWUDEDMDU
HQVLWXDFLRQHVGHHQVHxDQ]DPXOWLJUDGR
$FWXDOPHQWHXQDTXLQWDSDUWHGHODVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVGHOSDtVVRQXQLWDULDV
RELGRFHQWHV(QFXDWURHVWDGRV&KLKXDKXD'XUDQJR6RQRUD
\=DFDWHFDVWDOSURSRUFLyQHVVXSHULRUD&LHUWDPHQWHPXFKDVGHHVWDV
HVFXHODVDWLHQGHQDXQQ~PHURPX\UHGXFLGRGHHVWXGLDQWHV\SRUWDQWROD
DVLJQDFLyQGHPiVPDHVWURVXQRSRUJUDGRQRHVODVROXFLyQPiVHFLHQWH(Q
SDUDOHORHOJDVWRQDQFLHURTXHLPSOLFDUtDFUHDUODVSOD]DVGRFHQWHVQHFHVDULDV
PiVGHFXDWURPLOHVGHPDVLDGRDOWRSDUDHOSUHVXSXHVWRGLVSRQLEOH
6REUDGHFLUTXHODWHOHVHFXQGDULDQRKDVLGRSULYLOHJLDGDFRPRHVWUDWHJLD
GHFUHFLPLHQWRSRUWRGRVORVHVWDGRV&LQFRGHHOORVHQFDEH]DGRVSRU%DMD
6LVHFRQVLGHUDQVyORORVJDVWRVSRUQyPLQDVHHVWLPDTXHHQHOFRVWRXQLWDULRSRU
DOXPQRGHWHOHVHFXQGDULDHUDPHQRUTXHHOGHODPRGDOLGDGJHQHUDO\LQIHULRU
DOGHODVHFXQGDULDWpFQLFD
(OPRGHORSUHYpTXHFDGDJUDGRLQLFLHVXVVHVLRQHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHFRQXQSURJUDPD
GH WHOHYLVLyQ TXH GXUD DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH TXLQFH PLQXWRV \ WUDEDMH GXUDQWH WUHLQWD \
FLQFRPLQXWRVPiVFRQHOSURIHVRUODVJXtDVGHDSUHQGL]DMH\ORVOLEURVGHFRQFHSWRV
EiVLFRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&DOLIRUQLDFODUDPHQWHRSWDURQSRUDPSOLDUODFREHUWXUDDWUDYpVGHODPRGDOLGDG
JHQHUDOPLHQWUDVTXHVLHWHPiVHQWUHORVTXHVREUHVDOHQ6RQRUD1XHYR
/HyQ\&RDKXLODORKLFLHURQPHGLDQWHODVVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDV$XQTXHVt
VHREVHUYDFLHUWDUHODFLyQHQWUHHOQLYHOGHPDUJLQDFLyQGHORVHVWDGRV\OD
PRGDOLGDGTXHKDQSULYLOHJLDGRSDUDDPSOLDUODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVRD
VHFXQGDULDORVGDWRVSDUHFHQLQGLFDUTXHHVWDGHFLVLyQWDPELpQHVFXHVWLyQ
GHWUDGLFLyQSROtWLFD\GHOSUHVWLJLRTXHVHKDQJDQDGRODVGLYHUVDVRSFLRQHV
DWUDYpVGHORVDxRVDOLQWHULRUGHORVHVWDGRV
'LVWULEXFLyQGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDV
(OFXPSOLPLHQWRHIHFWLYRGHODREOLJDWRULHGDGGHODVHFXQGDULDWLHQH
FXDQGRPHQRVGRVLPSOLFDFLRQHVSDUDHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR\SDUDODSROtWLFD
TXHORULJH(QSULPHUOXJDUHO(VWDGRGHEHDVHJXUDUODVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDTXH
WRGRVORVHJUHVDGRVGHSULPDULDDFFHGDQRSRUWXQDPHQWHDODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULD
\SHUPDQH]FDQHQHOODKDVWDFRQFOXLUODLGHDOPHQWHDORVTXLQFHDxRV(Q
VHJXQGRGHEHJDUDQWL]DUVHTXHODDVLVWHQFLDDODVHFXQGDULDUHSUHVHQWHSDUD
WRGRVORVDOXPQRVHOORJURGHORVREMHWLYRVGHDSUHQGL]DMHSURSXHVWRVSRUHO
FXUUtFXORFRP~QLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHVXVGHVLJXDOHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGD
\SXQWRVGHSDUWLGD
(QORVVLJXLHQWHVDSDUWDGRVVHGHVFULEHHOHVWDGRDFWXDOGHODVRSRUWX
QLGDGHVSDUDFXUVDUODVHFXQGDULD\SDUDORJUDUORVDSUHQGL]DMHVSURSXHVWRV
SRUHVWHQLYHOHGXFDWLYRFXDQGRORVGDWRVORSHUPLWHQVHSUHVHQWDQDQiOLVLV
SDUDYDORUDUDYDQFHVHQODGLVWULEXFLyQGHGLFKDVRSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDV
DSDUWLUGHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHODREOLJDWRULHGDGGHODVHFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
D 2SRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVR
(QMXOLRGHHOHJUHVRGHSULPDULDIXHHTXLYDOHQWHDGH
ORVDOXPQRVTXHLQLFLDURQVXHGXFDFLyQSULPDULDVHLVDxRVDQWHV$OLQLFLR
GHOVLJXLHQWHFLFORHVFRODUHOQ~PHURGHQXHYRVLQJUHVRVDSULPHUJUDGRGH
VHFXQGDULDUHSUHVHQWyGHTXLHQHVHJUHVDURQGHSULPDULDGRVPHVHVDWUiV
ORFXDOUHSUHVHQWDXQDPHMRUtDGHFDVLUHVSHFWRGHOFRHFLHQWHGHDEVRUFLyQ
REVHUYDGRHQ1RREVWDQWHWUHVHVWDGRVUHJLVWUDQtQGLFHVLQIHULRUHV
D\HQFRQMXQWRFRQFHQWUDQSRFRPiVGHODFXDUWDSDUWHGHODGHPDQGD
UHDOMRYHQQRDWHQGLGDHQHOSDtV&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
/RVGDWRVFHQVDOHVGHO,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH(VWDGtVWLFD*HRJUDItDH
,QIRUPiWLFD,1(*,SHUPLWHQDUPDUTXHDSHVDUGHORVDYDQFHVHQ
PDWHULDGHFREHUWXUDHO(VWDGRWRGDYtDQRKDORJUDGRDVHJXUDUODVFRQGLFLRQHV
SDUDTXHWRGRVORVMyYHQHVDFFHGDQDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD'HDFXHUGR
FRQHVWDIXHQWHDOLQLFLRGHOPLOHQLRSRFRPiVGHMRYHQFLWRVHQWUH
GRFH\TXLQFHDxRVGHHGDGGHOWRWDOGHSREODFLyQHQHVDVHGDGHVQR
HVWDEDQDVLVWLHQGRDODHVFXHOD\GHHOORVWUHVFXDUWDVSDUWHVQRWHQtDQJUDGR
DOJXQRGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
$GHPiVORVGDWRVLQGLFDQTXHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDDFFHGHUDOD
VHFXQGDULDVHGLVWULEX\HQGHVLJXDOPHQWH3RUHMHPSORPLHQWUDVTXHHQHO
'LVWULWR)HGHUDOVyORGHORVMyYHQHVGHTXLQFHDxRVQRDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
\GHHOORVQRFXHQWDFRQJUDGRDOJXQRGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ
&KLDSDVWDOHVSURSRUFLRQHVVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGH\&XDGUR
$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
/D RSRUWXQLGDG GH FRQFOXLU OD HGXFDFLyQ SULPDULD FX\D REOLJDWRULHGDGYLHQH GHVGH
SULQFLSLRVGHVLJORHQHOWLHPSRHVWDEOHFLGRHVPDUFDGDPHQWHLQIHULRUSDUDORVJUXSRV
LQGtJHQDV(QHOFLFORHVFRODUODHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOGHODSULPDULDLQGtJHQD
IXH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/RVGDWRVQDFLRQDOHVFRQUPDQTXHODVPXMHUHVFRQWLQ~DQWHQLHQGRPHQRU
SRVLELOLGDGTXHORVKRPEUHVGHDFFHGHUDODVHFXQGDULDXQDYH]QDOL]DGDOD
SULPDULD&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFRHVWDGHVLJXDOGDGGHJpQHURSDUHFH
HVWDUIXHUWHPHQWHYLQFXODGDFRQORVSDWURQHVFXOWXUDOHVTXHGDQSUHIHUHQFLD
DODHVFRODUL]DFLyQGHORVYDURQHVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQWUHODVSREODFLRQHV
PDUJLQDGDV
3RUVXSDUWHORVMyYHQHVLQGtJHQDVSUHVHQWDQXQDVLWXDFLyQGHUH]DJR
FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHPD\RUDODGHTXLHQHVQRKDEODQOHQJXDLQGtJHQD/DV
GLVSDULGDGHVSXHGHQDSUHFLDUVHHQHOVLJXLHQWHFXDGUR
&XDGUR -yYHQHVGHDxRVTXHQRDVLVWHQDODHVFXHODSRU
SHUWHQHQFLDRQRDSREODFLyQKDEODQWHGHOHQJXDLQGtJHQD
HQSRUFHQWDMHV
-yYHQHVGHDxRV
1RDVLVWHQDODHVFXHOD
+DEODQOHQJXDLQGtJHQD
3RUFHQWDMH
GHOWRWDO
3RUFHQWDMH
VLQSRVSULPDULD
1R
6L
)XHQWH,1(*,
/DGHVYHQWDMDGHJpQHURVHDFHQW~DHQWUHORVLQGtJHQDV1RHVJUDWXLWR
TXHHQWUHORVGRFHHVWDGRVTXHUHJLVWUDQODVPD\RUHVGHVLJXDOGDGHVHQWUHODV
RSRUWXQLGDGHVGHKRPEUHV\PXMHUHVSDUDFXUVDUODVHFXQGDULDSUHGRPLQH
ODSUHVHQFLDGHDOJXQDVGHDTXHOODVTXHWLHQHQODVPD\RUHVSURSRUFLRQHV
GHSREODFLyQLQGtJHQDHQQXHVWURSDtVDVDEHU&KLDSDV<XFDWiQ2D[DFD
&DPSHFKH3XHEOD4XLQWDQD5RR9HUDFUX]*XHUUHUR\6DQ/XLV3RWRVt
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
$HVFDODQDFLRQDOGHODVPXMHUHVHQWUHGRFH\FDWRUFHDxRVKDEOD
OHQJXDLQGtJHQD\GHODVMRYHQFLWDVHQHVDVHGDGHVTXHQRDVLVWHQDOD
HVFXHODVRQLQGtJHQDV&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
/DSREODFLyQPD\RUGHFDWRUFHDxRVTXHQRFXHQWDFRQLQVWUXFFLyQ
SRVSULPDULDHVUHHMRGHORVLQVXFLHQWHVHVIXHU]RVUHDOL]DGRVSDUDEULQGDUD
WRGRVORVMyYHQHVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDFXUVDUHVWHQLYHOHGXFDWLYR\HQVtPLVPD
FRQVWLWX\HXQDSDUWHLPSRUWDQWHGHODGHPDQGDUHDOGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
'HDFXHUGRFRQHO&HQVR,1(*,HQHVHDxRKDEtDDGXOWRV
VLQHVWXGLRVGHSRVSULPDULDHVGHFLUSRFRPHQRVGHODPLWDGGHOD
SREODFLyQGHTXLQFHDxRV\PiV(VWRVEDMRVSURPHGLRVHGXFDWLYRVRFXOWDQ
SURIXQGDVGLVSDULGDGHVHQWUHGLVWLQWRVJUXSRVVRFLDOHV0iVGHVHLVPLOORQHV
GHSHUVRQDVHQWUHORVPH[LFDQRVPiVSREUHVGHTXLQFHDxRV\PiVQRKDQ
DSUREDGRXQVRORJUDGRGHHGXFDFLyQSULPDULD(QODVORFDOLGDGHVPHQRUHV
DGRVPLOTXLQLHQWRVKDELWDQWHVHOUH]DJRGHSRVSULPDULDDVFLHQGHD\
HQODVFLXGDGHVFRQPiVGHFLHQPLOGHVFLHQGHD3RUVXSDUWHRFKR
GHFDGDGLH]DGXOWRVLQGtJHQDVFDUHFHQGHLQVWUXFFLyQVHFXQGDULD&XDGUR
$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
1RVHGLVSRQHGHGDWRVGHVDJUHJDGRVSDUDHVWHJUXSRGHHGDG
'XUDQWHODGpFDGDGHORVQRYHQWDHOUH]DJRDGXOWRGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDVHUHGXMR
\DTXHHQHOtQGLFHQDFLRQDOHUD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
E 2SRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDSHUPDQHFHUHQODHVFXHOD
\FRQFOXLUHOQLYHO
$HVFDODQDFLRQDOXQDTXLQWDSDUWHGHORVMyYHQHVHQWUHGRFH\TXLQFHDxRV
TXHDVLVWHQDODHVFXHODVHHQFXHQWUDFXUVDQGRXQJUDGRLQIHULRU
DOTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDVXHGDG\SRUWDQWRQRQDOL]DUiVXHVFRODULGDGEiVLFD
DOFXPSOLUORVTXLQFHDxRV$XQTXHHVWRVMyYHQHVQRKDQFDQFHODGRVXV
RSRUWXQLGDGHVGHFXUVDU\QDOL]DUODVHFXQGDULDSXHVFRQWLQ~DQDVLVWLHQGR
DODHVFXHODODH[WUDHGDGSXHGHVHULQGLFDGRUGHGHVHUFLyQSRWHQFLDO
'H ORV WUHLQWD \ GRV HVWDGRV WUHFH UHJLVWUDQ tQGLFHV GH UH]DJR SRU
H[WUDHGDGVXSHULRUHVDODPHGLDQDFLRQDOODVLWXDFLyQPiVJUDYHVHREVHUYD
HQHO(VWDGRGH&KLDSDV(QWRGRVORVHVWDGRVHOUH]DJRSRUH[WUDHGDG
HVPD\RUSDUDORVKRPEUHVTXHSDUDODVPXMHUHV$HVFDODQDFLRQDO\
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFRORTXHLQGLFDTXHDXQTXHODV
PXMHUHVWLHQHQPHQRUHVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDDFFHGHUDODVHFXQGDULDXQDYH]TXH
LQJUHVDQWLHQGHQDPDQWHQHUVHHQODHVFXHOD/DVGLIHUHQFLDVPiVDFHQWXDGDV
HQWUHJpQHURVVHREVHUYDQHQORVGRVHVWDGRVFRQPD\RUSUHVHQFLDGHSREODFLyQ
KDEODQWHGHOHQJXDLQGtJHQD(Q2D[DFD\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH\
HQ<XFDWiQ\
'XUDQWHHOFLFORHVFRODUDOXPQRVDEDQGRQDURQ
WHPSRUDO R GHILQLWLYDPHQWH OD HVFXHOD VHFXQGDULD HVWR HV GH ORV
LQVFULSWRV&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR7DOSURSRUFLyQUHSUHVHQWDXQOLJHUR
HPSHRUDPLHQWRGHODGHVHUFLyQUHVSHFWRGHOtQGLFHUHJLVWUDGRHQ
'HKHFKRFDWRUFHHVWDGRVUHJLVWUDQDXPHQWRGHVXVtQGLFHVGXUDQWH
'HGRFHRWUHFHSDUDSULPHURWUHFHRFDWRUFHSDUDVHJXQGR\FDWRUFHRTXLQFHSDUD
WHUFHUR
&RQEDVHHQODLQIRUPDFLyQUHFLHQWHJHQHUDGDSRUHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVHVWDWDOHVVHHVWLPD
TXHXQDTXLQWDSDUWHGHTXLHQHVKDQVLGRWLSLFDGRVFRPRGHVHUWRUHVVRQHQUHDOLGDG
HVWXGLDQWHVTXHVHFDPELDQGHHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRHVFRODUSRUWDQWRHOtQGLFHGHGHVHUFLyQ
LQWUDFXUULFXODUHVPHQRUDOUHSRUWDGRSRUODHVWDGtVWLFDRFLDO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HVWHSHULRGR(OFDVRPiVJUDYHORSUHVHQWDHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDOGRQGHHO
SRUFHQWDMHGHGHVHUFLyQVHKDLQFUHPHQWDGRGXUDQWHORV~OWLPRVRFKR
DxRVDOSDVDUGHD
(QWUHODVPRGDOLGDGHVHVFRODUL]DGDVODVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVUHJLVWUDQHO
tQGLFHSURPHGLRPiVHOHYDGR\ODVWpFQLFDVHOPHQRU/D
GHVHUFLyQHVPD\RUHQHOSULPHUJUDGR\PHQRUHQHOWHUFHUR
&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
/RVGDWRVGHOD6(3FRQUPDQTXHODSUREDELOLGDGGHGHVHUWDUGHOD
VHFXQGDULDHVPHQRUSDUDODVPXMHUHVTXHSDUDORVKRPEUHV\
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHHQWRGRVORVJUDGRV\PRGDOLGDGHV$OSDUHFHUHOORVHGHEH
HQEXHQDPHGLGDDODLQFRUSRUDFLyQPiVWHPSUDQDGHORVKRPEUHVDOPXQGR
ODERUDOSHURWDPELpQDOKHFKRGHTXHpVWRVUHSUXHEDQPiVTXHODVPXMHUHV
6LQGHVFRQRFHUODLQXHQFLDTXHWLHQHQFLHUWDVYDULDEOHVGHFRQWH[WR
VREUHODGHFLVLyQGHDEDQGRQDUORVHVWXGLRVFRPRODQHFHVLGDGGHPLJUDU
HQEXVFDGHPHMRUHVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHHPSOHRVHKDHQFRQWUDGRTXHOD
GHVHUFLyQHQVHFXQGDULDHVWiDVRFLDGDGHPDQHUDLPSRUWDQWHFRQHOSRFRR
QXORJXVWRGHORVMyYHQHVSRUODHVFXHODVHJ~QHO,QVWLWXWR0H[LFDQRGHOD
-XYHQWXG,0-89(
$GLIHUHQFLDGHORTXHRFXUUHHQODSULPDULDHQVHFXQGDULDORVDOXPQRV
TXHSHUPDQHFHQHQODHVFXHODSXHGHQSDVDUGHDxRDXQKDELHQGRUHSUREDGR
KDVWDFLQFRGHVXVPDWHULDV(QHVWHQLYHOSRUWDQWRORVtQGLFHVGHUHSUREDFLyQ
HTXLYDOHQDODSURSRUFLyQGHDOXPQRVTXHQRDFUHGLWDWRGDVVXVDVLJQDWXUDV
/DVHVFXHODVSDUDWUDEDMDGRUHVUHJLVWUDQDOWtVLPRVtQGLFHVGHGHVHUFLyQDQLYHO
QDFLRQDO1RVHOHVKDLQFRUSRUDGRDODQiOLVLVSRUODVUD]RQHVTXHVHPHQFLRQDQHQOD
QRWDDOSLHQ
/DQRUPDWLYLGDGRFLDOHVWDEOHFHTXHORVDOXPQRVTXHDGHXGDQPiVGHFLQFRPDWHULDV
QR WLHQHQ GHUHFKR D SUHVHQWDU H[iPHQHV H[WUDRUGLQDULRV \ VRQ FRQVLGHUDGRV FRPR
UHSHWLGRUHVGHJUDGR3DUDTXLHQHVDGHXGDQFLQFRRPHQRVPDWHULDVH[LVWHQWUHVSHULRGRV
GHUHJXODUL]DFLyQTXHVHUHDOL]DQGXUDQWHORVPHVHVGHDJRVWRVHSWLHPEUH\IHEUHUR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
1RREVWDQWHFXDQGRHOQ~PHURGHPDWHULDVUHSUREDGDVVHDFXPXODWLHQH
OXJDUODUHSUREDFLyQGHJUDGRTXHHQODHQRUPHPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVVH
WUDGXFHHQGHVHUFLyQ
3DUDHOFLFORHVFRODUHOtQGLFHQDFLRQDOGHUHSUREDFLyQHQ
VHFXQGDULDHUDORTXHVLJQLFDTXHSRFRPiVGHXQPLOOyQGHDOXPQRV
KDEtDUHSUREDGRSRUORPHQRVXQDPDWHULD'RFHHVWDGRVUHJLVWUDURQtQGLFHV
VXSHULRUHVDODPHGLDQDFLRQDOHQDOJXQDVGHHOODVODUHSUREDFLyQHUDKDVWD
/DUHSUREDFLyQKDGLVPLQXLGRUHVSHFWRGHOFLFORTXHPDUFDHOLQLFLR
GHODREOLJDWRULHGDGGHOQLYHOFXDQGRHOSURPHGLRQDFLRQDOHUD6LQ
HPEDUJRVHLVHVWDGRVSUHVHQWDQHPSHRUDPLHQWRGHVXVtQGLFHV
(OSUREOHPDGHUHSUREDFLyQHVPiVDJXGRHQVHJXQGRJUDGR
\PHQRUHQWHUFHUR(QODVVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDVODFXDUWDSDUWHGH
ORVDOXPQRVUHSUXHEDXQDRPiVDVLJQDWXUDV/DWHOHVHFXQGDULDUHJLVWUDXQ
SRUFHQWDMHGHUHSUREDFLyQPX\LQIHULRUDOUHVWRGHODVPRGDOLGDGHV
VLWXDFLyQTXHUHYHODXQPHQRUQLYHOGHH[LJHQFLDTXHDVXYH]VHH[SOLFD
SRUODQHFHVLGDGGHPDQWHQHUXQPtQLPRGHPDWUtFXODHQODVHVFXHODVSDUD
TXHpVWDVVLJDQRSHUDQGR&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
/DPHQWDEOHPHQWHODUHSUREDFLyQQRVXHOHVHULQGLFDGRUGHORVORJURVGH
DSUHQGL]DMHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV/DUHDOLGDGHVTXHORVPDHVWURVVXHOHQDSOLFDU
H[iPHQHVFRQSURSyVLWRVGHFRQWURODGPLQLVWUDWLYR\HVUDURTXHXWLOLFHQOD
HYDOXDFLyQSDUDYDORUDUORTXHORVHVWXGLDQWHVDSUHQGHQ(VFODURTXHPiV
DOOiGHODQRUPDWLYLGDGTXHHVWDEOHFHTXHODFDOLFDFLyQQDOHVHOUHVXOWDGR
GHOSURPHGLRGHODVQRWDVREWHQLGDVHQFLQFRHYDOXDFLRQHVELPHVWUDOHVHQWUH
(QVHFXQGDULDXQHVWXGLDQWHTXHUHSUXHEDJUDGRPX\GLItFLOPHQWHORYXHOYHDFXUVDUVH
HVWLPDTXHHQHOFLFORHVFRODUHOtQGLFHQDFLRQDOGHUHSHWLFLyQSDUDSULPHU
JUDGRIXH
0iVD~QODH[LVWHQFLDGHDOWRVtQGLFHVGHUHSUREDFLyQHQXQDHVFXHODR]RQDSXHGHVHU
LQGLFDGRUGHSUiFWLFDVFRUUXSWDVORVPDHVWURVUHSUXHEDQDVXVDOXPQRVSDUDDVHJXUDUXQD
FOLHQWHODVXFLHQWHHQORVFXUVRVGHUHJXODUL]DFLyQTXHHOORVPLVPRVLPSDUWHQGXUDQWH
HOYHUDQR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
ORVPDHVWURVQRKD\FULWHULRVXQLYHUVDOPHQWHFRPSDUWLGRVSDUDGHFLGLUTXHXQ
DOXPQRREWLHQHWDORFXDOFDOLFDFLyQHQWDORFXDODVLJQDWXUD
/DVFLIUDVRFLDOHVPiVUHFLHQWHVLQGLFDQTXHODFXDUWDSDUWHGHTXLHQHV
LQJUHVDQDHVWHQLYHOHGXFDWLYRQRHVWiWHUPLQDQGRVXVHVWXGLRVHQHOWLHPSR
HVWDEOHFLGR/DPD\RUSpUGLGDGHDOXPQRVHQVHFXQGDULDHVSURGXFWRGHOD
DFXPXODFLyQGHDVLJQDWXUDVUHSUREDGDVORTXHVLJQLFDTXHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
QRVHHVWiQ\HQGRVLQRGHVSXpVGHQXPHURVDVH[SHULHQFLDVGHIUDFDVR
6LHWHHVWDGRVUHJLVWUDQtQGLFHVGHHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOLQIHULRUHVD
6RUSUHQGHTXHHOtQGLFHQDFLRQDOKD\DHPSHRUDGRUHVSHFWRGHOTXHVHREVHUYD
SDUDODJHQHUDFLyQFXDQGRODHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOHUD
&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
(ODQiOLVLVGHODWUD\HFWRULDGHXQDJHQHUDFLyQGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDPXHVWUD
TXHVyORGHORVDOXPQRVTXHLQJUHVDURQDSULPHUJUDGRGH
SULPDULDHQHOFLFORHVFRODUORJUyHJUHVDUGHODVHFXQGDULDRFKR
DxRVGHVSXpV(OFRHFLHQWHGHWUDQVLFLyQPiVEDMRVHUHJLVWUDHQ
HOSDVRGHVHJXQGRDWHUFHUJUDGRGHVHFXQGDULD&XDGUR$QH[R
HVWDGtVWLFR(QHVWDGRVFRPR&KLDSDV0LFKRDFiQ\2D[DFDODHFLHQFLD
WHUPLQDOGHODPLVPDJHQHUDFLyQQRVREUHSDVDD
5HVSHFWRGHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHORVHJUHVDGRVGHVHFXQGDULDSDUD
FRQWLQXDUHVWXGLDQGRGHDFXHUGRFRQHO&HQVRGHVyORGHORV
MyYHQHVHQWUHGLHFLVpLV\GLHFLQXHYHDxRVGHHGDGFRQWDEDFRQDOJ~QJUDGRGH
LQVWUXFFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRU/DJUDQPD\RUtDGHTXLHQHVFRQWLQ~DQHVWXGLDQGR
VHLQVFULEHDOEDFKLOOHUDWR
(VWDSURSRUFLyQUHHUHDODWDVDEUXWDGHHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDO
(VWRHVDVtFXDQGRODHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOVHFDOFXODFRQVLGHUDQGRDORVDSUREDGRVGH
WHUFHUR\DORVDOXPQRVUHJXODUL]DGRVHVGHFLUDSUXHEDQPDWHULDVGXUDQWHHOYHUDQR
VLVyORVHWRPDQHQFXHQWDORVDSUREDGRVDOQGHFLFOR\VHFRPSDUDQORVtQGLFHVGH
DPEDVJHQHUDFLRQHVUHVXOWDTXHKDKDELGRXQDOLJHUDPHMRUtD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
F 2SRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
$OLQLFLRGHHVWHGRFXPHQWRVHGLMRTXHHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHOFDUiFWHU
REOLJDWRULRGHODVHFXQGDULDQRVyORLPSOLFDJDUDQWL]DULJXDOGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHV
GHDFFHVRSHUPDQHQFLD\FRQFOXVLyQGHOFLFORVLQRDVHJXUDUTXHWRGRVORV
HVWXGLDQWHVDSUHQGDQHVWR~OWLPRUHHUHDODHFDFLDGHODVHFXQGDULD\
SRUVXSXHVWRDODLJXDOGDGFRQODTXHVHGLVWULEX\HQODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGH
DSUHQGL]DMHHQWUHHVWXGLDQWHVSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDGLVWLQWRVJUXSRVVRFLDOHV
-X]JDUODHFDFLDGHO~OWLPRWUDPRGHHVFRODULGDGEiVLFDFRQVWLWX\HXQ
DVXQWRQRGDOSXHVORVHVIXHU]RVGHO(VWDGRSRUDPSOLDUODVRSRUWXQLGDGHV
GHDFFHVR\DXPHQWDUODFDSDFLGDGGHOVLVWHPDSDUDUHWHQHU\SURPRYHUDORV
HVWXGLDQWHVFREUDQYHUGDGHURVHQWLGRVRFLDO\HGXFDWLYRVLHOSDVRSRUOD
HVFXHODUHSUHVHQWDSDUDWRGRVHOORVODDGTXLVLFLyQGHORVFRQRFLPLHQWRV\HO
IRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHODVKDELOLGDGHV\YDORUHVTXHVHFRQVLGHUDQQHFHVDULRVSDUD
GHVHPSHxDUVHFRPRFLXGDGDQRVGHPRFUiWLFRV\DPSOLDUVXVRSRUWXQLGDGHV
VRFLDOHV\HFRQyPLFDVIXWXUDV
(VWHDSDUWDGRVHDSUR[LPDDODYDORUDFLyQGHODHFDFLDGHODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULD\DODLJXDOGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHTXHRIUHFH
PHGLDQWHDQiOLVLVUHODWLYRVDORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVSRUVXVDOXPQRVHQ
GLYHUVDVPHGLFLRQHVDVDEHUHO3URJUDPD,QWHUQDFLRQDOSDUDOD(YDOXDFLyQ
GHO(VWXGLDQWH3,6$ODVSUXHEDVGH(VWiQGDUHV1DFLRQDOHV\HO([DPHQGH
,QJUHVRDOD(GXFDFLyQ0HGLD6XSHULRU
5HVXOWDGRVHQ3,6$
(O3URJUDPD,QWHUQDFLRQDOSDUDOD(YDOXDFLyQGHO(VWXGLDQWH3,6$VH
OOHYDDFDERHQORVWUHLQWD\GRVSDtVHVPLHPEURVGHOD2UJDQL]DFLyQSDUDOD
&RRSHUDFLyQ\HO'HVDUUROOR(FRQyPLFR2&'(0p[LFRLQFOXLGR\HQFXDWUR
(VWHDSDUWDGRUHSURGXFHHOFRQWHQLGRGHOFDStWXORGHOGRFXPHQWRVHxDODGRHQOD
QRWDDOSLHQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
QRPLHPEURV6XREMHWLYRHVHYDOXDUTXpWDQOHMRVKDQOOHJDGRORVMyYHQHV
DOQDOL]DUODHVFRODULGDGREOLJDWRULDHQODDGTXLVLFLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRV\
KDELOLGDGHVOHFWRUDVPDWHPiWLFDV\FLHQWtFDVTXHVHFRQVLGHUDQHVHQFLDOHV
SDUDXQDSDUWLFLSDFLyQFRPSOHWDHQODVRFLHGDG\SDUDVHJXLUDSUHQGLHQGRD
ORODUJRGHODYLGD
(VLPSRUWDQWHPHQFLRQDUTXH3,6$VHSUHJXQWDSRUODVFRPSHWHQFLDV
GHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHTXLQFHDxRVSDUDDIURQWDUUHWRVTXHVHSUHVHQWDQHQOD
YLGDUHDO\QRTXpWDQWRKDQDSUHQGLGRGHOFXUUtFXOXP
(QODSULPHUDPHGLFLyQHIHFWXDGDHQHOHVWXGLRSXVRpQIDVLVHQ
ODDSWLWXGSDUDODOHFWXUDeVWDLQFRUSRUDODFRPSUHQVLyQGHORVWH[WRV\OD
UHH[LyQVREUHHOORVDVtFRPRODFDSDFLGDGGHORVLQGLYLGXRVSDUDHPSOHDUOD
LQIRUPDFLyQHVFULWDHQHOORJURGHVXVPHWDVHQHOGHVDUUROORGHVXFRQRFLPLHQWR
\SRWHQFLDO\HQVXFDSDFLGDGSDUDSDUWLFLSDUHFD]PHQWHHQODVRFLHGDG3DUD
FDOLFDUODVDSWLWXGHVOHFWRUDVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV\GHVFULELUORTXHVRQFDSDFHV
GHKDFHU3,6$XWLOL]DFLQFRFDWHJRUtDVGHGHVHPSHxR
/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHHVWHHVWXGLRPXHVWUDQTXHPHQRVGHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
PH[LFDQRVGHTXLQFHDxRVORJUyDOFDQ]DUHOTXLQWRQLYHOGHDSWLWXGOHFWRUDHOOR
VLJQLFDTXHVyORHVWHEDMtVLPRSRUFHQWDMHGHMyYHQHVHVFDSD]GHFRQWHVWDU
DGHFXDGDPHQWHSUHJXQWDVTXHUHTXLHUHQFRPSHWHQFLDVOHFWRUDVFRPSOHMDV
WDOHVFRPRHYDOXDUFUtWLFDPHQWHODLQIRUPDFLyQFRQWHQLGDHQXQWH[WRFRQHO
TXHVHWLHQHSRFDIDPLOLDULGDGIRUPXODUKLSyWHVLVFRQEDVHHQFRQRFLPLHQWR
HVSHFLDOL]DGRRDVLPLODUFRQFHSWRVFRQWUDULRVDODVH[SHFWDWLYDVGHVHQWLGR
FRP~Q(VWHGHMyYHQHVPH[LFDQRVTXHKDQGHVDUUROODGRKDELOLGDGHV
OHFWRUDVFRPSOHMDVVHFRPSDUDQFRQHQSURPHGLRHQOD2&'(GH
ORVHVWXGLDQWHVHQ&DQDGi\HQORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV
(QFRQWUDVWHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVPH[LFDQRVVHXELFDHQHOSULPHU
QLYHOGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUDORFXDOVLJQLFDTXHVyORVRQFDSDFHVGH
FRPSOHWDUWDUHDVSRFRFRPSOHMDVGHOHFWXUDWDOHVFRPRORFDOL]DUXQDSLH]D
GHLQIRUPDFLyQLGHQWLFDUHOWHPDSULQFLSDOGHXQWH[WRRHVWDEOHFHUXQD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
FRQH[LyQVLPSOHFRQHOVDEHUFRWLGLDQR3HURPiVJUDYHD~QHVTXHGH
QXHVWURVHVWXGLDQWHVQLVLTXLHUDORJUyXQSXQWDMHVXFLHQWHSDUDDOFDQ]DUHVWH
SULPHUQLYHOGHGHVHPSHxRORTXHLQGLFDTXHWLHQHQVHULDVGLFXOWDGHVSDUD
XVDUODOHFWXUDFRPRKHUUDPLHQWDHIHFWLYDSDUDDGTXLULU\DPSOLDUFRQRFLPLHQWRV
\KDELOLGDGHVHQRWUDViUHDV3DUDHVWHGHMyYHQHVTXHQRUHEDVDHO
SULPHUQLYHOGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUDODSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHSXHGDQREWHQHU
VXFLHQWHSURYHFKRGHVXVRSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVDFWXDOHV\IXWXUDVHV
ULHVJRVDPHQWHEDMD
8QDQiOLVLVPiVGHWDOODGRGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHHVWHHVWXGLRFRQUPD
TXHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHHVWiQHVWUHFKDPHQWHYLQFXODGDVFRQ
ODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV\VXVIDPLOLDV6LUYDQGHHMHPSOR
ORVVLJXLHQWHVGDWRV
0LHQWUDVTXHVLHWHGHFDGDGLH]MyYHQHVXELFDGRVHQRSRUGHEDMRGHO
SULPHUQLYHOGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUDWLHQHQPDGUHVTXHQRIXHURQDOD
HVFXHODRVyORWHUPLQDURQODSULPDULDGHTXLHQHVORJUDURQFRORFDUVH
HQWUHHOVHJXQGR\TXLQWRQLYHOWLHQHQPDGUHVFRQXQDHVFRODULGDGLJXDO
RPD\RUDVHFXQGDULD
GHORVHVWXGLDQWHVKDEODQWHVGHOHQJXDLQGtJHQDTXHSDUWLFLSDURQ
HQ HO HVWXGLR VH HQFXHQWUD HQ R SRU GHEDMR GHO QLYHO XQR \ QLQJXQR
VREUHSDVDHOWHUFHUHVWDGLR
/DTXLQWDSDUWHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVXELFDGRVHQRSRUGHEDMRGHOSULPHU
QLYHOFXUVDVXVHVWXGLRVHQHVFXHODVGHFRPXQLGDGHVFRQPHQRVGHWUHV
PLOKDELWDQWHV(VWRHVFLHUWRVyORSDUDGHTXLHQHVDOFDQ]DURQFXDQGR
PHQRVHOVHJXQGRQLYHO
(QWUHORVSDtVHVTXHSDUWLFLSDURQWUHLQWD\XQRHQHVWHHVWXGLRLQWHUQDFLRQDOVyORORV
HVWXGLDQWHVGH%UDVLOREWXYLHURQQLYHOHVGHORJURHGXFDWLYRLQIHULRUHVDORVDOFDQ]DGRV
HQ0p[LFR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
5HVXOWDGRVHQ3UXHEDVGH(VWiQGDUHV1DFLRQDOHV
'HVGHODV3UXHEDVGH(VWiQGDUHV1DFLRQDOHV3(1VHDSOLFDQD
PXHVWUDVQDFLRQDOHVGHHVWXGLDQWHVGHGLYHUVDVPRGDOLGDGHVGHSULPDULD\
VHFXQGDULD+DQVLGRGLVHxDGDVSRUOD'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH(YDOXDFLyQ'*(
\OD'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH0DWHULDOHV\0pWRGRV(GXFDWLYRV'*00(GHOD
6(3'LFKDVSUXHEDVPLGHQKDELOLGDGHVEiVLFDVGHUD]RQDPLHQWRPDWHPiWLFR
\GHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUD\VRQHODERUDGDVDSDUWLUGHOFXUUtFXORGHHGXFDFLyQ
EiVLFD6HWUDWDGHLQVWUXPHQWRVFRQUHIHUHQFLDDFULWHULRHVWRHVPLGHQOD
KDELOLGDGUHDOGHODOXPQR\QRODGLVWDQFLDTXHFDGDXQRGHHOORVJXDUGD
UHVSHFWRGHODPHGLDSREODFLRQDOUHIHUHQFLDDQRUPD/DV3(1SHUPLWHQ
HVWDEOHFHUSRUXQODGRODSURSRUFLyQGHDOXPQRVTXHDOFDQ]DHOHVWiQGDU
\SRURWUDLGHQWLFDUHOQLYHOHQHOTXHVHXELFDQORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXHQROR
DOFDQ]DQHVWRHVTXpWDQOHMRVRFHUFDVHHQFXHQWUDQGHKDFHUOR
3DUDFDGDWLSRGHKDELOLGDGVHKDQHVWDEOHFLGRFXDWURQLYHOHVGHGHVHPSHxR
(OQLYHO,9UHSUHVHQWDHOORJURHVWiQGDUHVGHFLUORVREMHWLYRVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
TXHGHELHUDQVHUDOFDQ]DGRVSRUORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHVHFXQGDULDHQWpUPLQRV
GHODVKDELOLGDGHVTXHVHFRQVLGHUDQHVHQFLDOHVEiVLFDVSDUDVXGHVDUUROOR
IXWXUR(QODPHGLGDHQTXHODSREODFLyQWLHQGDDFRQFHQWUDUVHHQHOFXDUWR
QLYHOORVHVWiQGDUHVGHEHUiQLQFUHPHQWDUVH
'HDFXHUGRFRQORVUHVXOWDGRVGHOOHYDQWDPLHQWRQDFLRQDOUHDOL]DGRDO
QDOGHOFLFORHVFRODUGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHSULPHUJUDGR
GHORVGHVHJXQGR\GHWHUFHURREWLHQHQSXQWDMHVTXHORVXELFDQ
OHMRVRPX\OHMRVGHDOFDQ]DUORVHVWiQGDUHVGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUD
3RUHMHPSORUHVSHFWRGHODVKDELOLGDGHVGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUDVHHVSHUDTXHDOFRQFOXLU
VXHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDQLYHO,9GHODHVFDODORVDOXPQRVVHDQFDSDFHVGHHODERUDUXQD
FRQFOXVLyQOyJLFD\UHOHYDQWHGHVSXpVGHOHHUXQSiUUDIRHQXQDUWtFXORGHGLYXOJDFLyQ
R GH LQIHULU HO PHQVDMH LPSOtFLWR HQ XQ FDUWHO (Q UHODFLyQ FRQ ODV KDELOLGDGHV GH
UD]RQDPLHQWR PDWHPiWLFR HV GHVHDEOH TXH ORV MyYHQHV ORJUHQ WUDGXFLU H[SUHVLRQHV
FRPSOHMDV GHO OHQJXDMH YHUEDO DO OHQJXDMH DOJHEUDLFR R GHWHUPLQDU UHVXOWDGRV GH
SUREOHPDVFX\DHVWUXFWXUDHVUHFXUUHQWH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(OGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHWHUFHUJUDGRTXHDVLVWHQDVHFXQGDULDV
JHQHUDOHVVHXELFDOHMRVRPX\OHMRVGHOHVWiQGDUGH(VSDxRO(VWDSURSRUFLyQ
HVPD\RUHQODVHVFXHODVWpFQLFDV\FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHPiVDOWDHQOD
WHOHVHFXQGDULD(OQLYHOGHORJURGHORVMyYHQHVTXHDVLVWHQDVHFXQGDULDV
S~EOLFDVHVFODUDPHQWHLQIHULRUDOGHTXLHQHVFXUVDQVXVHFXQGDULDHQVHFXQGDULDV
SULYDGDVGRQGHVyORGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHWHUFHUJUDGRSUHVHQWDODVLWXDFLyQ
GHVFULWD&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
/RVORJURVHQODVKDELOLGDGHVGHUD]RQDPLHQWRPDWHPiWLFRVRQPX\
GHVDOHQWDGRUHV HQ WRGDV ODV PRGDOLGDGHV S~EOLFDV QXHYH GH FDGD GLH]
HVWXGLDQWHVGHWHUFHUJUDGRREWXYLHURQSXQWDMHVTXHORVXELFDQHQORVGRV
SULPHURVQLYHOHVGHODHVFDODORDQWHULRUHVFLHUWRSDUDFDVLWUHVFXDUWDVSDUWHV
GHORVDOXPQRVGHVHFXQGDULDVSULYDGDV&XDGUR$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
3XHVWRTXHODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHYLGDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHODVGLYHUVDV
PRGDOLGDGHVHVFRODUL]DGDV\ORVQLYHOHVGHSUHSDUDFLyQFRQORVTXHLQJUHVDQD
ODVHFXQGDULDQRVRQLJXDOHVHVSRVLEOHTXHODFRPSDUDFLyQGHVXVUHVXOWDGRV
SURPHGLRVHDSHUFLELGDFRPRLQMXVWD4XpSDVDFXDQGRVHFRQWUDVWDQORV
UHVXOWDGRVGHMyYHQHVFRQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVHPHMDQWHVHQWRGDVODVPRGDOLGDGHV
SRUHMHPSORODHVFRODULGDGGHODPDGUH"
(OVRVWHQLPLHQWRSULYDGRLQFOX\HHVFXHODVGHPRGDOLGDGJHQHUDOWpFQLFD\WHOHVHFXQGDULD
HVWD~OWLPDHQXQDSURSRUFLyQPX\SHTXHxD
(OFRPSRUWDPLHQWRWDQKRPRJpQHDPHQWHGHVIDYRUDEOHGHODSREODFLyQHQODSUXHEDGH
0DWHPiWLFDGLIHUHQFLDVSHTXHxDVHQWUHPD\RU\PHQRUSXQWDMHVLQYLWDDUHFRQVLGHUDU
ORVORJURVTXHVHKDQHVWDEOHFLGRSDUDHOQLYHO,9GHODHVFDOD\DDQDOL]DUFXLGDGRVDPHQWH
HOJUDGRGHGLFXOWDGGHORVUHDFWLYRV
6HHOLJHODHVFRODULGDGGHODPDGUHSDUDKRPRJHQHL]DUORVJUXSRVGHFRQWUDVWHSXHV
P~OWLSOHVHVWXGLRVKDQHQFRQWUDGRTXHpVWDWLHQHXQDDOWDFRUUHODFLyQFRQRWUDVPXFKDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODIDPLOLDGHOHVWXGLDQWH&RPRHUDGHHVSHUDUVHODSURSRUFLyQGH
MyYHQHVFX\DVPDGUHVWLHQHQXQDHVFRODULGDGPHQRUDODVHFXQGDULDHVFRPSDUDWLYDPHQWH
PiVDOWDHQWHOHVHFXQGDULDTXHHQODVVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDV\HQODVJHQHUDOHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(O &XDGUR PXHVWUD TXH HQ ODV WUHV PRGDOLGDGHV ORV HVWXGLDQWHV
KLMRVGHPDGUHVFRQQLYHOHVGHHVFRODULGDGPHQRUDODVHFXQGDULDORJUDQ
SHRUHVUHVXOWDGRVTXHORVDOXPQRVFX\DVPDGUHVKDQHVWXGLDGRPiVDOOi
GHODSULPDULD/DVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHHVWRVGRVJUXSRV
VRQPiVDFHQWXDGDVHQODVPRGDOLGDGHVJHQHUDO\WpFQLFD\PHQRUHVHQOD
WHOHVHFXQGDULD
4XHGDFODURTXHLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHODHVFRODULGDGGHODPDGUH
ORV DOXPQRV GH WHOHVHFXQGDULD DOFDQ]DQ QLYHOHV GH ORJUR LQIHULRUHV D
ORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHODVHVFXHODVWpFQLFDV\pVWRVREWLHQHQUHVXOWDGRVPiV
GHVIDYRUDEOHVTXHORVGHVXVSDUHVTXHDVLVWHQDVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHV/DV
GLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHPRGDOLGDGHVVRQPiVDFHQWXDGDVFXDQGRVHFRPSDUDQORV
UHVXOWDGRVGHTXLHQHVWLHQHQPDGUHVTXHKDQFXUVDGRFXDQGRPHQRVXQ
DxRGHVHFXQGDULD
/R DQWHULRU VLJQLFD TXH HQ ODV WUHV PRGDOLGDGHV OD SUREDELOLGDG
GH TXH ORV DOXPQRV DSUHQGDQ D OHHU GH PDQHUD HIHFWLYD HV PHQRU SDUD
TXLHQHVWLHQHQPDGUHVFRQXQDHVFRODULGDGLQIHULRUDODTXHHOORVPLVPRV
HVWiQDOFDQ]DQGR1LQJXQDPRGDOLGDGHVWiVLHQGRFDSD]GHFRPSHQVDUODV
GHVYHQWDMDVVRFLRFXOWXUDOHVGHVXVHVWXGLDQWHV
5HVXOWDGRVHQHOH[DPHQGHLQJUHVRDOD(GXFDFLyQ0HGLD6XSHULRU
(O ([DPHQ 1DFLRQDO GH ,QJUHVR D OD (GXFDFLyQ 0HGLD 6XSHULRU
(;$1,, HODERUDGR SRU HO &HQWUR 1DFLRQDO SDUD OD (YDOXDFLyQ GH OD
(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU&(1(9$/HYDO~DHOHVWDGRTXHJXDUGDQSREODFLRQHV
H LQGLYLGXRV UHVSHFWR GH ODV KDELOLGDGHV \ FRQRFLPLHQWRV FRQVLGHUDGRV
HVHQFLDOHVHQXQDVSLUDQWHDLQJUHVDUDDOJXQDLQVWLWXFLyQGHQLYHOPHGLR
VXSHULRU6HWUDWDGHXQH[DPHQREMHWLYRGHHMHFXFLyQWtSLFDFRQIRUPDGR
SRUFLHQWRYHLQWLRFKRUHDFWLYRVGHRSFLyQP~OWLSOHFRQFLQFRRSFLRQHVGH
UHVSXHVWDGHODVFXDOHVVyORXQDHVFRUUHFWD6HRUJDQL]DHQGLH]VHFFLRQHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
0HQRURLJXDODSULPDULD
WHUPLQDGD
(VFRODULGDG
GHODPDGUH
&XDGUR $OXPQRVGHWHUFHUJUDGRSRUPRGDOLGDG\HVFRODULGDGGH
ODPDGUHVHJ~QQLYHOHQHVFDODGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUD
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
1LYHOHVFDODFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUD
0RGDOLGDG
7RWDO
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
7HOH
VHFXQGDULD SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
7HOH
VHFXQGDULD SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
*HQHUDO
7pFQLFD
7RWDO
0D\RUTXHSULPDULDWHUPLQDGD
0X\
/HMRVGH &HUFDGH /RJUDHO
OHMRVGH
HVWiQGDU HVWiQGDU HVWiQGDU
HVWiQGDU
*HQHUDO
7pFQLFD
7RWDO
)XHQWH6(3%DVHVGHGDWRVGH(VWiQGDUHV1DFLRQDOHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
GRVGHHOODVPLGHQKDELOLGDGHVRGHVWUH]DVGHRUGHQJHQpULFRYHUEDOHV\
PDWHPiWLFDVHOUHVWRHYDO~DFRQRFLPLHQWRV\KDELOLGDGHVGLVFLSOLQDULRVHQ
RFKRFDPSRVWHPiWLFRV(VSDxRO+LVWRULD*HRJUDItD&LYLVPR0DWHPiWLFD
)tVLFD4XtPLFD\%LRORJtD
/DPHGLDQDFLRQDOGHUHVSXHVWDVFRUUHFWDVHQORVH[iPHQHVGHLQJUHVR
DSOLFDGRVHQHODxRIXHORTXHVLJQLFDTXHHQSURPHGLR
ORVFDVLTXLQLHQWRVPLOHJUHVDGRVGHVHFXQGDULDSXGLHURQFRQWHVWDUFRUUHF
WDPHQWHVyORGHODVSUHJXQWDVHQXQDSUXHEDGLVHxDGDSDUDTXHOD
PD\RUtDDFLHUWHHQ(OUHQGLPLHQWRGHORVMyYHQHVIXHPiVGHVIDYRUDEOH
HQODViUHDVGH0DWHPiWLFD\)tVLFD
/RVHJUHVDGRVGHHVFXHODVS~EOLFDVREWXYLHURQXQSXQWDMHSURPHGLR
LQIHULRUDORVGHODVVHFXQGDULDVSULYDGDV\GHDFLHUWRVUHV
SHFWLYDPHQWH\ODVPD\RUHVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHVRVWHQLPLHQWRVVHUHJLVWUDQHQ
HOiUHDGH(VSDxROSXQWRV(OGHVHPSHxRSURPHGLRGHORVMyYHQHVTXH
HVWXGLDURQHQVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVHVOLJHUDPHQWHVXSHULRUTXH
HOGHTXLHQHVSURYLHQHQGHHVFXHODVWpFQLFDV\FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWH
PiVDOWRTXHHOGHORVHJUHVDGRVGHWHOHVHFXQGDULD
/RVDVSLUDQWHVFX\DVPDGUHVVRQDQDOIDEHWDVDOFDQ]DQXQSURPHGLR
VLJQLFDWLYDPHQWHLQIHULRUDOGHORVMyYHQHVFX\DVPDGUHVFXUVDURQ
HVWXGLRVGHOLFHQFLDWXUD/DVGLIHUHQFLDVGHDFXHUGRDODFRQGLFLyQ
VRFLRHFRQyPLFDWDPELpQVRQDFHQWXDGDVORVMyYHQHVFX\DVIDPLOLDVSHUFLEHQ
PiVGHYHLQWHPLOSHVRVDOPHVORJUDQXQSXQWDMHSURPHGLRPX\VXSHULRU
$SDUWLUGHOVHHYDO~D)RUPDFLyQ&tYLFD\eWLFD
(VLPSRUWDQWHWRPDUHQFXHQWDTXHVLELHQODSREODFLyQGHWHOHVHFXQGDULDHVWiVREUH
SUHVHQWDGD VyOR RFKR GH FDGD FLHQ VXVWHQWDQWHV SURYLHQHQ GH HVWD PRGDOLGDG ORV
DOXPQRVTXHSUHVHQWDQHO(;$1,,IRUPDQSDUWHGHXQDSREODFLyQSULYLOHJLDGDSXHV
UHSUHVHQWDQ DO JUXSR TXH WLHQH SRVLELOLGDGHV GH FRQWLQXDU HVWXGLDQGR GHVSXpV GH OD
VHFXQGDULD\TXHVROLFLWDVXLQJUHVRDXQDLQVWLWXFLyQGHHGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRU
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
DOGHTXLHQHVYLYHQHQKRJDUHVFRQLQJUHVRVPHQRUHVDPLOSHVRV\
GHDFLHUWRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
(VWRVEDMRVQLYHOHVGHORJURVRQGHVDOHQWDGRUHVSHURPiVORHVHQFRQWUDU
TXHORVUHVXOWDGRVJOREDOHVGHVRQSHRUHVTXHORVREWHQLGRVHQODV
PHGLFLRQHVGHORVWUHVDxRVDQWHULRUHV\TXHODEUHFKDHQWUHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
GHHVFXHODVS~EOLFDV\ORVGHFROHJLRVSULYDGRVHVPD\RUTXHODUHJLVWUDGD
HQSXQWRVGHGLIHUHQFLD
G $OJXQDVUHH[LRQHVVREUHODDFWXDOVLWXDFLyQGHODV
RSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVHQVHFXQGDULD
+DVWDDTXtHVSRVLEOHDUPDUTXHVLELHQHO(VWDGRKDUHDOL]DGRXQ
HVIXHU]RQRWDEOHSRULQFUHPHQWDUODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVRDODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULDpVWHQRKDVLGRVXFLHQWH/DXQLYHUVDOL]DFLyQGHODVHFXQGDULD
FRPRFRQGLFLyQQHFHVDULDSDUDHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHVXREOLJDWRULHGDG
UHTXLHUHTXHVHJHQHUDOLFHODWUDQVLFLyQHQWUHODSULPDULD\ODVHFXQGDULD
\VHPHMRUHODFDSDFLGDGSDUDUHWHQHU\SURPRYHUDORVDOXPQRVKDVWDTXH
FRQFOX\DQORV~OWLPRVWUHVJUDGRVGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
(OUH]DJRFRPSDUDWLYDPHQWHPD\RUGHMyYHQHVLQGtJHQDV\GHPXMHUHVHV
LQGLFDGRUFODURGHTXHHQHVWHSDtVODLJXDOGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDFXUVDU
ORV~OWLPRVWUHVJUDGRVGHOFLFOREiVLFRREOLJDWRULRQRVRQLQGHSHQGLHQWHV
GHORULJHQVRFLDORGHOJpQHUR(VXUJHQWHFRPSUHQGHUODVUD]RQHVSRUODV
TXHDPEDVSREODFLRQHVVHKDQTXHGDGRDOPDUJHQGHOVLVWHPD\GLVHxDUH
LPSOHPHQWDUSROtWLFDV\HVWUDWHJLDVDGHFXDGDVSDUDGDUOHVFDELGD
(QHQ\HQ
(VWHDSDUWDGRUHSURGXFHHOFDStWXORGHOGRFXPHQWRPHQFLRQDGRHQODQRWDDOSLH
Q
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
'XUDQWHODV~OWLPDVWUHVGpFDGDVODHVWUXFWXUDSRUHGDGJUDGXDOPHQWHKDDEDQGRQDGROD
WtSLFDIRUPDGHSLUiPLGHWULDQJXODU\HQHOIXWXURVHLUiDVHPHMDQGRPiVDXQDOLQWHUQD
FKLQDDEXOWDGDHQHOFHQWUR6HGLFHTXHPLHQWUDVPDQWHQJDHVWDHVWUXFWXUDQXHVWUR
SDtVJR]DUiGHFRQGLFLRQHVGHPRJUiFDVPiVSURSLFLDVSXHVFRQWDUiFRQHOHQRUPH
SRWHQFLDO SURGXFWLYR UHSUHVHQWDQGR SRU HO FUHFLHQWH Q~PHUR GH SHUVRQDV HQ HGDGHV
ODERUDOHV&21$32
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
DSUHQGL]DMHOLPLWDODSRVLELOLGDGGHDOFDQ]DUQLYHOHVVXSHULRUHVGHHGXFDFLyQ
\SRUWDQWRGHPHMRUDUHOQLYHOGHYLGD
3HURDGHPiVGHODLQHFDFLDGHOQLYHOTXHDIHFWDDODJUDQPD\RUtDGHORV
HVWXGLDQWHVHVHYLGHQWHTXHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHHQVHFXQGDULD
QRVRQLQGHSHQGLHQWHVQLGHORULJHQVRFLDOGHORVDOXPQRVQLGHVXOXJDU
GHUHVLGHQFLD\TXHTXLHQHVPHQRVWLHQHQHVWiQDSUHQGLHQGRPHQRV/RV
GDWRVH[SXHVWRVUHYHODQODSREUHFDSDFLGDGGHODVHFXQGDULDSDUDDWHQGHUODV
GLIHUHQFLDV\FRPSHQVDUODVGHVLJXDOGDGHV
$PDQHUDGHFLHUUH
(VFODURTXHODVHFXQGDULDPH[LFDQDQRKDORJUDGRJDUDQWL]DUHOGHUHFKR
GHWRGRVORVMyYHQHVDUHFLELUHGXFDFLyQ/RVGHVDItRVGHODREOLJDWRULHGDG
RIUHFHULJXDOGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVRSHUPDQHQFLDFRQFOXVLyQGH
HVWXGLRV\ORJURVGHDSUHQGL]DMHVLJXHQSHQGLHQWHV
/D5HIRUPDGHVHSUHRFXSySRUKDFHUFDPELRVHQODHVWUXFWXUD\
FRQWHQLGRVGHOFXUUtFXOXPSHURQRVHSUHJXQWySRUODVFRQGLFLRQHVLQVWLWX
FLRQDOHV\QRUPDWLYDVTXHSRVLELOLWDUtDQVXDSOLFDFLyQHIHFWLYDHQODVDXODV
7DPSRFRVHFXHVWLRQyFyPRHVTXHORVFLHQWRVGHPLOHVGHPDHVWURVVHGHV
SUHQGHUtDQGHVXVWUDGLFLRQDOHVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D\DSUHQGHUtDQIRUPDV
GLVWLQWDVGHLQWHUDFFLyQSHGDJyJLFDFRQVXVDOXPQRV(QDTXHOPRPHQWRQR
KXERGLVFXVLyQS~EOLFDDOJXQDVREUHODVLPSOLFDFLRQHVTXHODREOLJDWRULHGDG
GHODVHFXQGDULDWHQGUtDVREUHODFRQJXUDFLyQGHORVQHV\IXQFLRQHVGHO
QLYHOQLVHSUHRFXSySRUHVWDEOHFHUPtQLPDVOtQHDVGHDUWLFXODFLyQFRQOD
SULPDULD)XHXQDUHIRUPDDSUHVXUDGDGLVHxDGDGHVGHORVHVFULWRULRVGHORV
HVSHFLDOLVWDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
2FKRDxRVGHVSXpVVHDQXQFLDHQHO3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ
ODUHDOL]DFLyQGHXQDUHIRUPDLQWHJUDOGHOQLYHO(QHVWDRFDVLyQ
VHWUDWDGHXQSURFHVRGHFDPELRTXHLQWHQWDUHFXSHUDUODPHPRULDUHFLHQWH
LPSXOVDUODFRPSUHQVLyQFRP~QGHORVSUREOHPDVHQWUHGLIHUHQWHVDFWRUHV
\DSRVWDUOHDXQDHVWUDWHJLDGHPRFUiWLFDSDUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHSROtWLFDV\
ODGHQLFLyQGHDFFLRQHVGRQGHODIHGHUDFLyQDVXPHXQUROSURYRFDGRU\
SURSRVLWLYRIUHQWHDORVHVWDGRV
/D5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULDHQWLHQGHTXHHOFXUUtFX
OXPIXQFLRQDFRPRXQGLVSRVLWLYRRUGHQDGRUGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRFRWLGLDQRGH
ORVSODQWHOHVDVXPHTXHORVFDPELRVHQSODQHV\SURJUDPDVVRQLPSRUWDQWHV
SHURLQVXFLHQWHV\TXHHOPD\RUUHWRUDGLFDHQWUDQVIRUPDUODJHVWLyQGHO
VLVWHPD\ODVIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQ\RSHUDFLyQGHODVHVFXHODV
$VtODDFWXDODGPLQLVWUDFLyQSURSRQHTXHOD)HGHUDFLyQ\ORV(VWDGRV
)HGHUDWLYRVVHDUWLFXOHQHQXQHVIXHU]RFRQMXQWRSDUDDOFDQ]DUORVVLJXLHQWHV
REMHWLYRVHQHO
3URPRYHUODFRPSUHQVLyQFRP~QGHODQHFHVLGDG\VHQWLGRGHOFDPELR
HQ OD HGXFDFLyQ VHFXQGDULD UHFRQRFLHQGR TXH OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH OD
HVFXHODTXHTXHUHPRVH[LJHWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVJUDGXDOHV\HQiPELWRV
GLYHUVRV
*HQHUDUXQDEDVHWpFQLFDTXHLQIRUPHFDGDYH]PiV\PHMRUODWRPDGH
GHFLVLRQHVHQHOiPELWRORFDO\QDFLRQDO
&RQVWUXLUXQQXHYRPRGHORSHGDJyJLFRSDUDODWHOHVHFXQGDULDDQGH
DXPHQWDUODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHGHWRGRVVXVDOXPQRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
'LVHxDUHVWUDWHJLDVGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQSDUDGRFHQWHVGLUHFWLYRV\HTXLSRV
WpFQLFRV TXH SRVLELOLWHQ SUiFWLFDV SHGDJyJLFDV FRQJUXHQWHV FRQ ORV
SURSyVLWRVHGXFDWLYRV
(VWDEOHFHUXQDQRUPDWLYLGDGQDFLRQDOSDUDORVSODQWHOHVGHHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULD TXH LQFRUSRUH ODV GLVSRVLFLRQHV YLJHQWHV TXH IDYRUHFHQ
VX GHVHPSHxR HFD] \ DTXHOORV DVSHFWRV TXH QR KDQ VLGR QRUPDGRV
IRUPDOPHQWH3DUDOHODPHQWHSURPRYHUHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHPHGLGDV\
PHFDQLVPRVHQODJHVWLyQLQVWLWXFLRQDOTXHSHUPLWDQODDSOLFDFLyQHFD]
GHHVWDQRUPDWLYLGDG
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
$QH[RHVWDGtVWLFR
&XDGUR
0DWULFXODSRUHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDVVHJ~QPRGDOLGDGHV
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
&UHFLPLHQWR\SDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODVPDWUtFXODVGHODVPRGDOLGDGHV
HQODDPSOLDFLyQGHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDFFHVRSRUHQWLGDGIHGHUDWLYD
HQSRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
$WHQFLyQDODGHPDQGDUHDOGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDSRUHQWLGDG
IHGHUDWLYD&RPSDUDWLYRFRHFLHQWHVGHDEVRUFLyQ
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
3REODFLyQGHDxRVTXHQRDVLVWHDODHVFXHODSRUHQWLGDGIHGHUDWLYD
VHJ~QQLYHOGHLQVWUXFFLyQHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
$GROHVFHQWHVGHDDxRVTXHQRDVLVWHQDODHVFXHODSRUQLYHO
GHLQVWUXFFLyQVHJ~QVH[RHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
3URSRUFLyQGHODSREODFLyQGHDDxRVTXHQRDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
TXHKDEODOHQJXDLQGtJHQDTXHKDEODOHQJXDLQGtJHQD\QRDVLVWH
DODHVFXHOD\TXHQRDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD\KDEODOHQJXDLQGtJHQD
VHJ~QVH[RHQSRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
5H]DJRDGXOWRGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDSRUVH[RWDPDxRGHORFDOLGDG
\FRQGLFLyQGHSHUWHQHQFLDDJUXSRGHKDEODLQGtJHQDVHJ~QQLYHOHVGH
LQVWUXFFLyQHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR
3REODFLyQTXHDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD\VHHQFXHQWUDFXUVDQGRXQJUDGRLQIHULRUDO
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDVXHGDGSRUHGDGHVVHJ~QVH[RHQSRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
,QVFULWRVH[LVWHQWHV
\WDVDGHGHVHUFLyQHQVHFXQGDULD
&RPSDUDWLYRHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV
&XDGUR
'HVHUFLyQHQVHFXQGDULDSRUJUDGRHVFRODU\VH[RVHJ~QPRGDOLGDG
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
([LVWHQFLDV\UHSUREDFLyQHQVHFXQGDULDSRUJUDGRHVFRODU\VH[R
VHJ~QPRGDOLGDGHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
(FLHQFLDWHUPLQDOGHVHFXQGDULD&RPSDUDWLYR
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
(VWLPDFLyQGHODHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOGHXQDJHQHUDFLyQHQHGXFDFLyQ
EiVLFDHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
3URSRUFLRQHVGHHVWXGLDQWHVXELFDGRVHQFDGDQLYHOGHODHVFDODGH
KDELOLGDGHVGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUDSRUJUDGRHVFRODUVHJ~QPRGDOLGDG
GHHVFXHODS~EOLFDHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
&XDGUR
3URSRUFLRQHVGHHVWXGLDQWHVXELFDGRVHQFDGDQLYHOGHODHVFDODGH
KDELOLGDGHVGHUD]RQDPLHQWRPDWHPiWLFRSRUJUDGRHVFRODUVHJ~Q
PRGDOLGDGGHHVFXHODS~EOLFDHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR 0DWULFXODSRUHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDVVHJ~QPRGDOLGDGHV
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
(QWLGDG
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
SRUFHQWDMHV
%DMD
QDEVROXWRV
&DOLIRUQLD
SRUFHQWDMHV
%DMD
QDEVROXWRV
&DOLIRUQLD6XU SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&DPSHFKH
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&KLDSDV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&KLKXDKXD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&RDKXLOD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&ROLPD
SRUFHQWDMHV
'LVWULWR
QDEVROXWRV
)HGHUDO
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
'XUDQJR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
*XDQDMXDWR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
*XHUUHUR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
+LGDOJR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
-DOLVFR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
0p[LFR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
0LFKRDFiQ
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
0RUHORV
SRUFHQWDMHV
1DFLRQDO
7RWDO
*HQHUDO3W
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(QWLGDG
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
SRUFHQWDMHV
%DMD
QDEVROXWRV
&DOLIRUQLD
SRUFHQWDMHV
%DMD
QDEVROXWRV
&DOLIRUQLD6XU SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&DPSHFKH
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&KLDSDV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&KLKXDKXD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&RDKXLOD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
&ROLPD
SRUFHQWDMHV
'LVWULWR
QDEVROXWRV
)HGHUDO
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
'XUDQJR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
*XDQDMXDWR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
*XHUUHUR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
+LGDOJR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
-DOLVFR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
0p[LFR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
0LFKRDFiQ
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
0RUHORV
SRUFHQWDMHV
1DFLRQDO
7RWDO
*HQHUDO3W
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR FRQWLQXDFLyQ
(QWLGDG
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
1XHYR/HyQ
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
2D[DFD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
3XHEOD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
4XHUpWDUR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
4XLQWDQD5RR
SRUFHQWDMHV
6DQ/XLV
QDEVROXWRV
3RWRVt
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
6LQDORD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
6RQRUD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
7DEDVFR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
7DPDXOLSDV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
7OD[FDOD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
9HUDFUX]
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
<XFDWiQ
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
=DFDWHFDV
SRUFHQWDMHV
1D\DULW
7RWDO
*HQHUDO3W
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
)XHQWH6(3VLQIHFKD
3W0RGDOLGDG3DUD7UDEDMDGRUHV0RGDOLGDGTXHFRPSDUWHORVPLVPRVUDVJRVTXHODVVHFXQGDULDV
JHQHUDOHVHQWHRUtDVHGLVWLQJXHSRUHVWDUGLULJLGDDMyYHQHVFRQPiVGHDxRVDVXLQJUHVRDOQLYHO$
QLYHOQDFLRQDODWLHQGHPHQRVGHOGHODPDWUtFXODDFWXDOPHQWHRSHUDHQGHODVHQWLGDGHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(QWLGDG
QDEVROXWRV
1D\DULW
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
1XHYR/HyQ
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
2D[DFD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
3XHEOD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
4XHUpWDUR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
4XLQWDQD5RR
SRUFHQWDMHV
6DQ/XLV
QDEVROXWRV
3RWRVt
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
6LQDORD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
6RQRUD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
7DEDVFR
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
7DPDXOLSDV
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
7OD[FDOD
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
9HUDFUX]
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
<XFDWiQ
SRUFHQWDMHV
QDEVROXWRV
=DFDWHFDV
SRUFHQWDMHV
7RWDO
*HQHUDO3W
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR &UHFLPLHQWR\SDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODVPDWUtFXODVGHODV
PRGDOLGDGHVHQODDPSOLDFLyQGHODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGH
DFFHVRSRUHQWLGDGIHGHUDWLYD
HQSRUFHQWDMHV
&UHFLPLHQWR
(QWLGDG
7RWDO
*HQHUDO
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU
&DPSHFKH
&KLDSDV
&KLKXDKXD
&RDKXLOD
&ROLPD
'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
'XUDQJR
*XDQDMXDWR
*XHUUHUR
+LGDOJR
-DOLVFR
0p[LFR
0LFKRDFiQ
0RUHORV
1D\DULW
2D[DFD
3XHEOD
1DFLRQDO
1XHYR/HyQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(QWLGDG
3DUWLFLSDFLyQGHODPRGDOLGDGHQHOFUHFLPLHQWR
*HQHUDO
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
1DFLRQDO
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU
&DPSHFKH
&KLDSDV
&KLKXDKXD
&RDKXLOD
&ROLPD
'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
'XUDQJR
*XDQDMXDWR
*XHUUHUR
+LGDOJR
-DOLVFR
0p[LFR
0LFKRDFiQ
0RUHORV
1D\DULW
1XHYR/HyQ
2D[DFD
3XHEOD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR FRQWLQXDFLyQ
&UHFLPLHQWR
(QWLGDG
4XHUpWDUR
7RWDO
*HQHUDO
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
4XLQWDQD5RR
6DQ/XLV3RWRVt
6LQDORD
6RQRUD
7DEDVFR
7DPDXOLSDV
7OD[FDOD
9HUDFUX]
<XFDWiQ
=DFDWHFDV
)XHQWH6(3VLQIHFKD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(QWLGDG
3DUWLFLSDFLyQGHODPRGDOLGDGHQHOFUHFLPLHQWR
*HQHUDO
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
4XHUpWDUR
4XLQWDQD5RR
6DQ/XLV3RWRVt
6LQDORD
6RQRUD
7DEDVFR
7DPDXOLSDV
7OD[FDOD
9HUDFUX]
<XFDWiQ
=DFDWHFDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR $WHQFLyQDODGHPDQGDUHDOGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDSRU
HQWLGDGIHGHUDWLYD&RPSDUDWLYRFRHFLHQWHVGHDEVRUFLyQ
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
(QWLGDG
1DFLRQDO
(JUHVRSULPDULD
QDEVROXWRV
1LQJUHVDQWHV
VHFXQGDULD
QDEVROXWRV
&RHFLHQWH
GHDEVRUFLyQ
SRUFHQWDMHV
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU
&DPSHFKH
&KLDSDV
&KLKXDKXD
&RDKXLOD
&ROLPD
'XUDQJR
*XDQDMXDWR
*XHUUHUR
'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
+LGDOJR
-DOLVFR
0p[LFR
0LFKRDFiQ
0RUHORV
1D\DULW
1XHYR/HyQ
2D[DFD
3XHEOD
4XHUpWDUR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(QWLGDG
1DFLRQDO
(JUHVR
1LQJUHVDQWHV &RHFLHQWH &RPSDUDWLYR
SULPDULD
VHFXQGDULD GHDEVRUFLyQ
QDEVROXWRV QDEVROXWRV SRUFHQWDMHV SRUFHQWDMHV
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
&DPSHFKH
&KLDSDV
&KLKXDKXD
&RDKXLOD
&ROLPD
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU
'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
'XUDQJR
*XDQDMXDWR
*XHUUHUR
+LGDOJR
-DOLVFR
0p[LFR
0LFKRDFiQ
0RUHORV
1D\DULW
1XHYR/HyQ
2D[DFD
3XHEOD
4XHUpWDUR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR FRQWLQXDFLyQ
(JUHVRSULPDULD
QDEVROXWRV
1LQJUHVDQWHV
VHFXQGDULD
QDEVROXWRV
&RHFLHQWH
GHDEVRUFLyQ
SRUFHQWDMHV
4XLQWDQD5RR
6DQ/XLV3RWRVt
6LQDORD
6RQRUD
7DEDVFR
7DPDXOLSDV
(QWLGDG
7OD[FDOD
9HUDFUX]
<XFDWiQ
=DFDWHFDV
)XHQWH6(3VLQIHFKD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(QWLGDG
(JUHVR
1LQJUHVDQWHV &RHFLHQWH &RPSDUDWLYR
SULPDULD
VHFXQGDULD GHDEVRUFLyQ
QDEVROXWRV QDEVROXWRV SRUFHQWDMHV SRUFHQWDMHV
4XLQWDQD5RR
6DQ/XLV3RWRVt
6LQDORD
6RQRUD
7DEDVFR
7DPDXOLSDV
7OD[FDOD
9HUDFUX]
<XFDWiQ
=DFDWHFDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR 3REODFLyQGHDxRVTXHQRDVLVWHDODHVFXHODSRUHQWLGDG
IHGHUDWLYDVHJ~QQLYHOGHLQVWUXFFLyQHQQ~PHURV
DEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
3REODFLyQGHTXLQFHDxRV
1RDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
1DFLRQDO
7RWDO
7RWDO
6LQ
SRVSULPDULD
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU
&DPSHFKH
&KLDSDV
&KLKXDKXD
&RDKXLOD
&ROLPD
'LVWULWRIHGHUDO
'XUDQJR
*XDQDMXDWR
*XHUUHUR
+LGDOJR
-DOLVFR
0p[LFR
0LFKRDFiQ
0RUHORV
1D\DULW
1XHYR/HyQ
2D[DFD
3XHEOD
4XHUpWDUR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
3REODFLyQGHTXLQFHDxRV
1RDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
1DFLRQDO
$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU
&DPSHFKH
6HFXQGDULD
LQFRPSOHWD
6HFXQGDULD
FRPSOHWD
&KLDSDV
&KLKXDKXD
&RDKXLOD
'LVWULWRIHGHUDO
'XUDQJR
*XDQDMXDWR
*XHUUHUR
+LGDOJR
&ROLPD
-DOLVFR
0p[LFR
0LFKRDFiQ
0RUHORV
1D\DULW
1XHYR/HyQ
2D[DFD
3XHEOD
4XHUpWDUR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR FRQWLQXDFLyQ
3REODFLyQGHTXLQFHDxRV
1RDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
7RWDO
7RWDO
6LQ
SRVSULPDULD
4XLQWDQD5RR
6DQ/XLV3RWRVt
6LQDORD
6RQRUD
7DEDVFR
7DPDXOLSDV
7OD[FDOD
9HUDFUX]
<XFDWiQ
=DFDWHFDV
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH,1(*,;,,&HQVR*HQHUDOGH3REODFLyQ
\9LYLHQGDWDEXODGRVEiVLFRV(GXFDFLyQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
3REODFLyQGHTXLQFHDxRV
1RDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
6HFXQGDULD
LQFRPSOHWD
6HFXQGDULD
FRPSOHWD
4XLQWDQD5RR
6DQ/XLV3RWRVt
6LQDORD
6RQRUD
7DEDVFR
7DPDXOLSDV
7OD[FDOD
9HUDFUX]
<XFDWiQ
=DFDWHFDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR $GROHVFHQWHVGHDDxRVTXHQRDVLVWHQDODHVFXHOD
SRUQLYHOGHLQVWUXFFLyQVHJ~QVH[RHQQ~PHURV
DEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
7RWDOGHDGROHVFHQWHVGHDDxRV
1RDVLVWHQDODHVFXHOD
7RWDOTXHQRDVLVWHQDODHVFXHOD
+RPEUHV
QDEVROXWRV
0XMHUHV
QDEVROXWRV
SRUFHQWDMHV
6LQLQVWUXFFLyQ
3ULPDULDLQFRPSOHWD
3ULPDULDFRPSOHWD
6HFXQGDULDLQFRPSOHWD
6HFXQGDULDFRPSOHWD
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH,1(*,;,,&HQVR*HQHUDOGH3REODFLyQ
\9LYLHQGD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR 3URSRUFLyQGHODSREODFLyQGHDDxRVTXHQRDVLVWH
DODHVFXHODTXHKDEODOHQJXDLQGtJHQDTXHKDEODOHQJXD
LQGtJHQD\QRDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD\TXHQRDVLVWH
DODHVFXHOD\KDEODOHQJXDLQGtJHQDVHJ~QVH[R
HQSRUFHQWDMHV
7RWDO
+RPEUHV
0XMHUHV
3URSRUFLyQGHSREODFLyQDDxRV
TXHQRDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
3URSRUFLyQSREODFLyQDDxRV
TXHKDEODOHQJXDLQGtJHQD
3URSRUFLyQSREODFLyQDDxRV
TXHKDEODOHQJXDLQGtJHQD
\QRDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
3URSRUFLyQSREODFLyQDDxRV
TXHQRDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD
\KDEODOHQJXDLQGtJHQD
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH,1(*,;,,&HQVR*HQHUDOGH3REODFLyQ
\9LYLHQGD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR 5H]DJRDGXOWRGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDSRUVH[RWDPDxR
GHORFDOLGDG\FRQGLFLyQGHSHUWHQHQFLDDJUXSRGHKDEOD
LQGtJHQDVHJ~QQLYHOHVGHLQVWUXFFLyQ
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
3REODFLyQGHDxRV\PiV
7RWDO
6LQLQVWUXFFLyQSRVSULPDULD
$OJXQD
&RPSOHWD
7RWDOHQORFDOLGDGHV QDEVROXWRV
PHQRUHVD
KDELWDQWHV
+RPEUHVHQ
QDEVROXWRV
ORFDOLGDGHVPHQRUHV
DKDELWDQWHV
0XMHUHVHQ
QDEVROXWRV
ORFDOLGDGHVPHQRUHV
DKDELWDQWHV
7RWDOQDFLRQDO
+RPEUHV
0XMHUHV
QDEVROXWRV
QDEVROXWRV
QDEVROXWRV
7RWDOHQFLXGDGHV
KDELWDQWHV
\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
+RPEUHVHQ
FLXGDGHV
KDELWDQWHV\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
0XMHUHVHQFLXGDGHV QDEVROXWRV
KDELWDQWHV
\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
+DEODOHQJXD
LQGtJHQD
1RHVSHFLFDGR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
3REODFLyQGHDxRV\PiV
&RQLQVWUXFFLyQVHFXQGDULD\FDUUHUDWpFQLFDFRPHUFLDO
,QFRPSOHWD
7RWDOQDFLRQDO
+RPEUHV
0XMHUHV
&RPSOHWD
1RHVSHFLFDGR
QDEVROXWRV
QDEVROXWRV
QDEVROXWRV
QDEVROXWRV
+RPEUHVHQ
QDEVROXWRV
ORFDOLGDGHVPHQRUHV
DKDELWDQWHV
0XMHUHVHQ
QDEVROXWRV
ORFDOLGDGHVPHQRUHV
DKDELWDQWHV
7RWDOHQORFDOLGDGHV
PHQRUHVD
KDELWDQWHV
7RWDOHQFLXGDGHV
KDELWDQWHV
\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
+RPEUHVHQ
FLXGDGHV
KDELWDQWHV\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
0XMHUHVHQFLXGDGHV QDEVROXWRV
KDELWDQWHV
\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
+DEODOHQJXD
LQGtJHQD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR FRQWLQXDFLyQ
3REODFLyQGHDxRV\PiV
&RQLQVWUXFFLyQ &RQLQVWUXFFLyQ
1RHVSHFLFDGR
PHGLDVXSHULRU
VXSHULRU
7RWDOQDFLRQDO
+RPEUHV
QDEVROXWRV
QDEVROXWRV
7RWDOHQORFDOLGDGHV QDEVROXWRV
PHQRUHVD
KDELWDQWHV
+RPEUHVHQ
QDEVROXWRV
ORFDOLGDGHVPHQRUHV
DKDELWDQWHV
0XMHUHVHQ
QDEVROXWRV
ORFDOLGDGHVPHQRUHV
DKDELWDQWHV
0XMHUHVHQFLXGDGHV QDEVROXWRV
KDELWDQWHV
\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
0XMHUHV
QDEVROXWRV
7RWDOHQFLXGDGHV
KDELWDQWHV
\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
+RPEUHVHQ
FLXGDGHV
KDELWDQWHV\PiV
QDEVROXWRV
+DEODOHQJXD
LQGtJHQD
)XHQWH (ODERUDFLyQ SURSLD VREUH OD EDVH GH &HQVR ,1(*, ;,, &HQVR *HQHUDO GH
3REODFLyQ\9LYLHQGD&XHVWLRQDULR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR 3REODFLyQTXHDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD\VHHQFXHQWUDFXUVDQGR
XQJUDGRLQIHULRUDOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDVXHGDGSRUHGDGHV
VHJ~QVH[RHQSRUFHQWDMHV
(GDG
7RWDO
+RPEUHV
0XMHUHV
DxRV
DxRV
DxRV
DxRV
DDxRV
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH,1(*,;,,&HQVR*HQHUDOGH3REODFLyQ
\9LYLHQGD
)LQGHFXUVRV
,QVFULSWRV
([LVWHQWHV
'HVHUWRUHV
3RUFHQWDMHGHWDVDGH
GHVHUFLyQ
)XHQWH6(3VLQIHFKD
/RVH[LVWHQWHVVRQORVDOXPQRVTXHSHUPDQHFHQHQODHVFXHODKDVWDHOQGHODxRHVFRODU
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR 'HVHUFLyQHQVHFXQGDULDSRUJUDGRHVFRODU\VH[RVHJ~Q
PRGDOLGDGHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
0RGDOLGDG
7RWDOQDFLRQDO
*HQHUDO
1DEVROXWRV
7RWDOLQVFULWRVHQ
7pFQLFD
1DEVROXWRV
0XMHUHVLQVFULWDVHQ
+RPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQ
7RWDOGHVHUWRUHVHQ
0XMHUHVGHVHUWRUDVHQ
+RPEUHVGHVHUWRUHVHQ
7RWDOLQVFULWRVHQ
0XMHUHVLQVFULWDVHQ
+RPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQ
7RWDOGHVHUWRUHVHQ
0XMHUHVGHVHUWRUDVHQ
+RPEUHVGHVHUWRUHVHQ
7RWDOLQVFULWRVHQ
0XMHUHVLQVFULWDVHQ
+RPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQ
7RWDOGHVHUWRUHVHQ
0XMHUHVGHVHUWRUDVHQ
+RPEUHVGHVHUWRUHVHQ
7RWDOLQVFULWRVHQVHFXQGDULD
0XMHUHVLQVFULWDVHQVHFXQGDULD
+RPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQVHFXQGDULD
0XMHUHVGHVHUWRUDVVHFXQGDULD
+RPEUHVGHVHUWRUHVVHFXQGDULD
7RWDOGHVHUWRUHVVHFXQGDULD
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH6(3%DVHGHGDWRVGHODIRUPDGHQGH
FXUVRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
0RGDOLGDG
7RWDOQDFLRQDO
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
1DEVROXWRV
3DUDWUDEDMDGRUHV
1DEVROXWRV
7RWDOLQVFULWRVHQ
0XMHUHVLQVFULWDVHQ
+RPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQ
7RWDOGHVHUWRUHVHQ
0XMHUHVGHVHUWRUDVHQ
+RPEUHVGHVHUWRUHVHQ
7RWDOLQVFULWRVHQ
0XMHUHVLQVFULWDVHQ
+RPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQ
7RWDOGHVHUWRUHVHQ
0XMHUHVGHVHUWRUDVHQ
+RPEUHVGHVHUWRUHVHQ
7RWDOLQVFULWRVHQ
0XMHUHVLQVFULWDVHQ
+RPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQ
7RWDOGHVHUWRUHVHQ
0XMHUHVGHVHUWRUDVHQ
+RPEUHVGHVHUWRUHVHQ
7RWDOLQVFULWRVHQVHFXQGDULD
0XMHUHVLQVFULWDVHQVHFXQGDULD
+RPEUHVLQVFULWRVHQVHFXQGDULD
0XMHUHVGHVHUWRUDVVHFXQGDULD
+RPEUHVGHVHUWRUHVVHFXQGDULD
7RWDOGHVHUWRUHVVHFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR([LVWHQFLDV\UHSUREDFLyQHQVHFXQGDULDSRUJUDGRHVFRODU\VH[R
VHJ~QPRGDOLGDGHQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
0RGDOLGDG
7RWDOQDFLRQDO
*HQHUDO
1DEVROXWRV
7pFQLFD
1DEVROXWRV
([LVWHQFLDVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVPXMHUHVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVKRPEUHVHQ
5HSUREDGRVHQ
0XMHUHVUHSUREDGDVHQ
+RPEUHVUHSUREDGRVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVPXMHUHVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVKRPEUHVHQ
5HSUREDGRVHQ
0XMHUHVUHSUREDGDVHQ
+RPEUHVUHSUREDGRVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVPXMHUHVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVKRPEUHVHQ
5HSUREDGRVHQ
0XMHUHVUHSUREDGDVHQ
+RPEUHVUHSUREDGRVHQ
7RWDOH[LVWHQFLDV
7RWDOH[LVWHQFLDVPXMHUHV
7RWDOH[LVWHQFLDVKRPEUHV
7RWDOUHSUREDGRV
7RWDOPXMHUHVUHSUREDGDV
7RWDOKRPEUHVUHSUREDGRV
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH6(3%DVHGHGDWRVGHODIRUPDLQLFLR\
Q
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
0RGDOLGDG
7RWDOQDFLRQDO
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
1DEVROXWRV
3DUDWUDEDMDGRUHV
1DEVROXWRV
1DEVROXWRV
([LVWHQFLDVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVPXMHUHVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVKRPEUHVHQ
5HSUREDGRVHQ
7RWDO
0XMHUHVUHSUREDGDVHQ
+RPEUHVUHSUREDGRVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVPXMHUHVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVKRPEUHVHQ
5HSUREDGRVHQ
0XMHUHVUHSUREDGDVHQ
+RPEUHVUHSUREDGRVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVPXMHUHVHQ
([LVWHQFLDVKRPEUHVHQ
5HSUREDGRVHQ
0XMHUHVUHSUREDGDVHQ
+RPEUHVUHSUREDGRVHQ
7RWDOH[LVWHQFLDV
7RWDOH[LVWHQFLDVPXMHUHV
7RWDOH[LVWHQFLDVKRPEUHV
7RWDOUHSUREDGRV
7RWDOPXMHUHVUHSUREDGDV
7RWDOKRPEUHVUHSUREDGRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR (FLHQFLDWHUPLQDOGHVHFXQGDULD
&RPSDUDWLYR
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
1~PHURGHLQJUHVDQWHVD
$SUREDGRV
5HJXODUL]DGRV
(JUHVDGRV
(FLHQFLDWHUPLQDO,
HQSRUFHQWDMHV
(FLHQFLDWHUPLQDO,,
HQSRUFHQWDMHV
&RPSDUDWLYR
QGLFH,
QGLFH,,
)XHQWH6(3(VWDGtVWLFDEiVLFDGHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR
(O tQGLFH GH HILFLHQFLD WHUPLQDO , FRQVLGHUD DSUREDGRV PLHQWUDV TXH HO ,, LQFOX\H
UHJXODUL]DGRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
7UDQVLFLyQ
&XDGUR(VWLPDFLyQGHODHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOGHXQDJHQHUDFLyQ
HQHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
1RWHUPLQDURQ
ODHGXFDFLyQ
EiVLFDHQ
QXHYHDxRV
(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD
(JUHVDGRV
&RHFLHQWHGHHJUHVLyQ
$EVRUFLyQ
1RWHUPLQDURQ
ODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULDHQ
WUHVDxRV
H
1RDFFHGHQDOD
VHFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR FRQWLQXDFLyQ
(GXFDFLyQ3ULPDULD
(JUHVDGRV
1RWHUPLQDURQ
ODHGXFDFLyQ
SULPDULD
HQVHLVDxRV
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH6(3,QIRUPHGH/DERUHV
/RVHJUHVDGRVGHSULPDULD\VHFXQGDULDDVtFRPRODHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOVRQSUHOLPLQDUHV
HHVWLPDGR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR 3URSRUFLRQHVGHHVWXGLDQWHVXELFDGRVHQFDGDQLYHOGHOD
HVFDODGHKDELOLGDGHVGHFRPSUHQVLyQOHFWRUDSRUJUDGR
HVFRODUVHJ~QPRGDOLGDGGHHVFXHODS~EOLFD
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
*UDGR
*HQHUDO
1LYHO
HVFDOD 1DEVROXWRV
7RWDOHV
1DEVROXWRV
1DEVROXWRV
7RWDOHV
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
7RWDOHV
7pFQLFD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR FRQWLQXDFLyQ
*UDGR
1LYHOHVFDOD
1DEVROXWRV
7RWDOHV
7RWDOHV
7RWDO
1DEVROXWRV
7RWDOHV
3DUWLFXODU
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH6(3'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH(YDOXDFLyQ%DVHV
GHGDWRVGH(VWiQGDUHV1DFLRQDOHV
/DHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDGHVRVWHQLPLHQWRSDUWLFXODUODLPSDUWHQHVFXHODVTXHVHQDQFLDQ
\DGPLQLVWUDQSRUVtPLVPDV/DVLQFRUSRUDGDVDOD6(3DXQHVWDGRRDODVLQVWLWXFLRQHV
DXWyQRPDVVRQVXSHUYLVDGDVWpFQLFDPHQWHSRUODVDXWRULGDGHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR 3URSRUFLRQHVGHHVWXGLDQWHVXELFDGRVHQFDGDQLYHOGHOD
HVFDODGHKDELOLGDGHVGHUD]RQDPLHQWRPDWHPiWLFRSRU
JUDGRHVFRODUVHJ~QPRGDOLGDGGHHVFXHODS~EOLFD
HQQ~PHURVDEVROXWRV\SRUFHQWDMHV
*HQHUDO
7pFQLFD
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
*UDGR
1LYHO
HVFDOD
1DEVROXWRV
1DEVROXWRV
1DEVROXWRV
7RWDO
7RWDO
7RWDO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XDGUR FRQWLQXDFLyQ
3DUWLFXODU
7RWDO
*UDGR
1LYHO
HVFDOD
1DEVROXWRV
1DEVROXWRV
7RWDO
7RWDO
7RWDO
)XHQWH(ODERUDFLyQSURSLDVREUHODEDVHGH6(3'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH(YDOXDFLyQ%DVHV
GHGDWRVGH(VWiQGDUHV1DFLRQDOHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
%LEOLRJUDItD
%5$6/$96.< &HFLOLD /DV JUDQGHV WHQGHQFLDV GHO GHVDUUROOR
FRQWHPSRUiQHR\$PpULFD/DWLQD(OQXHYRVHQWLGRGHODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULDIRUPDUFRPSHWHQFLDVHLGHQWLGDGHVHQ 7KH6HFRQGDU\
(GXFDWLRQ&XUULFXOXPLQ/DWLQ$PHULFD1HZ7HQGHQFLHVDQG&KDQJHV
*LQHEUD2FLQD,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQSS,QIRUPHQDO
GHOVHPLQDULRRUJDQL]DGRSRUOD2FLQD,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQTXH
WXYROXJDUHQHO,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3ODQHDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
ORVGtDV\GHVHSWLHPEUHGHHQ%XHQRV$LUHV$UJHQWLQD
&$1('2&DWDOLQDHWDO/DDSOLFDFLyQGHORVQXHYRVSODQHV\SURJUDPDV
GHHVWXGLRSDUDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD0p[LFR6XEGLUHFFLyQ$FDGpPLFD
'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD7pFQLFDPLPHR
&$5,2/$/HRQRU\&ULVWLDQ&2;/DHGXFDFLyQGHORVMyYHQHV
FULVLVGHODUHOHYDQFLD\FDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDHQ/RVMyYHQHV
HQ&KLOHKR\6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\'HVDUUROOR
GHOD(GXFDFLyQ
&(1(9$/,QIRUPHGHUHVXOWDGRV0p[LFR&HQWUR1DFLRQDOSDUD
OD(YDOXDFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6XSHULRU
&21$326LWXDFLyQDFWXDOGHODV\ORVMyYHQHVHQ0p[LFR'LDJQyVWLFR
VRFLRGHPRJUiFR0p[LFR&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH3REODFLyQ'RFXPHQWRV
WpFQLFRV
'$5/,1*+$0021'/LQGD(OGHUHFKRGHDSUHQGHU&UHDUEXHQDV
HVFXHODVSDUDWRGRV%DUFHORQD$ULHO(GXFDFLyQ
'8%(7 )UDQoRLV \ 0DULH '858%(//$7 ,QWURGXFFLyQ /DV
SUXHEDVGHORFLRHQ6HPLQDULRGH7HPDV6HOHFWRVGH+LVWRULDGH
OD3HGDJRJtD\OD(GXFDFLyQ,,0p[LFR/LFHQFLDWXUDHQ(GXFDFLyQ
6HFXQGDULD3URJUDPDSDUDOD7UDQVIRUPDFLyQ\HO)RUWDOHFLPLHQWR
$FDGpPLFRGHODV(VFXHODV1RUPDOHV6(36HPHVWUH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(1*8,7$0DULDQR\+HQU\/(9,1/DV5HIRUPDVFRPSUHQVLYDV
HQ(XURSD\ODVQXHYDVIRUPDVGHGHVLJXDOGDGHGXFDWLYDHQ5HYLVWD
GH(GXFDFLyQ6HFUHWDUtD*HQHUDO7pFQLFDGHO0LQLVWHULRGH(GXFDFLyQ
0DGULGQSS
(=3(/(7$-XVWD/DJHVWLyQHVFRODUFRPRHVFHQDULRGHODVLQQRYDFLRQHV
HGXFDWLYDV3URJUDPDGHGHVDUUROORHVFRODU\DGPLQLVWUDFLyQHGXFDWLYD
0DGULG2UJDQL]DFLyQGH(VWDGRV,EHURDPHULFDQRVGRFXPHQWRGH
WUDEDMR
)8(17(602/,1$52ODF/DHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
(OHPHQWRVGHHYDOXDFLyQ\SHUVSHFWLYDV&RQIHUHQFLDGLFWDGDHQOD
5HXQLyQ1DFLRQDOSDUDODSUHVHQWDFLyQGHO3ODQGHHVWXGLRVGHOD
/LFHQFLDWXUDHQ(GXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD0p[LFRVHSWLHPEUH
)8//$10LFKDHO\6X]DQQH67,(*(/%$8(5(OFDPELRHGXFDWLYR
*XtDGHSODQHDFLyQSDUDPDHVWURV0p[LFR7ULOODV
*,0(126$&5,67$1-RVp4XpVRQORVFRQWHQLGRVGHHQVHxDQ]D"
HQ-RVp*,0(126$&5,671\QJHO,3e5(=*0(=
&RPSUHQGHU\WUDQVIRUPDUODHQVHxDQ]D0DGULG0RUDWDDHGLFLyQ
+$5*5($9(6$QG\HWDO$SUHQGHUDFDPELDU/DHQVHxDQ]DPiV
DOOiGHODVPDWHULDV\ORVQLYHOHV%DUFHORQD2FWDHGUR
,0-89(-yYHQHV0H[LFDQRVGHO6LJOR;;,(QFXHVWD1DFLRQDOGH
-XYHQWXG0p[LFR,0-89(&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\(VWXGLRV
VREUHOD-XYHQWXG6HFUHWDULDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
,1(*,;,&HQVR*HQHUDOGHO3REODFLyQ\9LYLHQGD0p[LFR,QVWLWXWR
1DFLRQDOGH(VWDGtVWLFD*HRJUDItDH,QIRUPiWLFD
,1(*,&RQWHR1DFLRQDOGH3REODFLyQ0p[LFR,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDO
GH(VWDGtVWLFD*HRJUDItDH,QIRUPiWLFD
,1(*,;,,&HQVR*HQHUDOGH3REODFLyQ\9LYLHQGD0p[LFR,QVWLWXWR
1DFLRQDOGH(VWDGtVWLFD*HRJUDItDH,QIRUPiWLFD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/(9,1621%UDGOH\7RGRVVRPRVLJXDOHVFXOWXUD\DVSLUDFLyQ
HVWXGLDQWLOHQXQDHVFXHODVHFXQGDULDPH[LFDQD0p[LFR$XOD;;,
6DQWLOODQD
0$/,$&+,$QWRQLR /D SURIHVLRQDOL]DFLyQ GH ORV SURIHVRUHV
GH VHFXQGDULD HQ OD SHUVSHFWLYD GH OD HGXFDFLyQ SHUPDQHQWH HQ
3URIHVLRQDOL]DFLyQ GHO GRFHQWH GH HGXFDFLyQ VHFXQGDULD 0p[LFR
,QVWLWXWR0RLVpV6iHQ]
0F*,111RHO5HIRUPDRPHMRUDPLHQWRFRQWLQXR"3RUTXpVHGHEHUtDQ
DFDEDUODVUHIRUPDVHGXFDWLYDVSUHVHQWDGRHQ'LiORJR5HJLRQDOGH
3ROtWLFD%DQFR,QWHUDPHULFDQRGH'HVDUUROOR:DVKLQJWRQ'&DEULO
GRFXPHQWRGHWUDEDMR
0(1(6(6(UQHVWR7HQGHQFLDV(GXFDWLYDV2FLDOHVHQ0p[LFR
0p[LFR&HQWURGH(VWXGLRV(GXFDWLYRV
08f2=,=48,(5'2&DUORV3UHVHQWH\)XWXURGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
6HFXQGDULD0p[LFR&HQWURGH(VWXGLRV(GXFDWLYRV*UXSRGH(VWXGLRV
SDUDHO)LQDQFLDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ*()(6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ
3~EOLFD
08f2= ,=48,(5'2 &DUORV /RV LQVXPRV HGXFDWLYRV HQ OD
LQVWUXPHQWDFLyQGHHVWUDWHJLDVGHDFFLyQSDUDODVDWLVIDFFLyQGHODV
QHFHVLGDGHVEiVLFDVGHDSUHQGL]DMHHQ6HPLQDULR5HJLRQDOGH(VWUDWHJLDV
GH$FFLyQSDUDODVDWLVIDFFLyQGHQHFHVLGDGHVEiVLFDVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
0p[LFR25($/&81(6&2,'5&
1$9$552<DGLUD2EOLJDWRULHGDGGHODVHFXQGDULD\VXVHIHFWRV
GHGHVLJXDOGDGJHQpULFDXQDSURSXHVWDGHSROtWLFDHGXFDWLYDSDUDHO
HVWDGRGH3XHEOD3RQHQFLDSUHVHQWDGDHQ9,&RQJUHVR1DFLRQDOGH
,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD&RQJUHVR0H[LFDQRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD
0p[LFRQRYLHPEUH
2&'(&RQRFLPLHQWRV\DSWLWXGHVSDUDODYLGD5HVXOWDGRVGH3,6$
0p[LFR6DQWLOODQD$XOD;;,
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
32'(5(-(&87,92)('(5$/3URJUDPDGH'HVDUUROOR(GXFDWLYR
0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
32'(5(-(&87,92)('(5$/3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ
0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
48,52=5DIDHO'HOSODQGHHVWXGLRVDODVDXODVHQ/D(GXFDFLyQ
6HFXQGDULD &DPELRV \ SHUVSHFWLYDV 0p[LFR ,QVWLWXWR (VWDWDO GH
(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFDGH2D[DFDSS
48,52=5DIDHO/DVFRQGLFLRQHVGHSRVLELOLGDGGHDSUHQGL]DMHGH
ORVDGROHVFHQWHVHQODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ7HVLVSDUDREWHQHU
HOJUDGRGH'RFWRUHQ&LHQFLDVFRQ(VSHFLDOLGDGHQ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV
(GXFDWLYDV0p[LFR'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD&HQWUR
GH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\(VWXGLRV$YDQ]DGRV&,19(67$9,31
5(,0(56)HUQDQGRFRRUG'LVWLQWDVHVFXHODVGLIHUHQWHVRSRUWXQLGDGHV
/RVUHWRVSDUDODLJXDOGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHQ/DWLQRDPpULFD0DGULG
(GLWRULDO/D0XUDOOD
5(,0(56)HUQDQGR\1RHO0F*,11'LiORJRLQIRUPDGR(OXVRGH
ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQSDUDFRQIRUPDUODSROtWLFDHGXFDWLYD0p[LFR&HQWUR
GH(VWXGLRV(GXFDWLYRV
5(,0(56)HUQDQGR(Q%~VTXHGDGH2SRUWXQLGDGHVGH$SUHQGL]DMH
SDUD7RGRVORV0H[LFDQRV(OGLiORJRS~EOLFR\HOSDSHOGHODHYDOXDFLyQ
3RQHQFLD SUHVHQWDGD HQ HO 6HJXQGR 6HPLQDULR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO VREUH
7HQGHQFLDV(GXFDWLYDVSDUDHOVLJOR;;,0RQWHUUH\VHSWLHPEUH
61&+(=3(5(<5$-DYLHUFRRUG/DVHFXQGDULDJHQHUDOHQHO
HVWDGRGH2D[DFD6LWXDFLyQDFWXDO\SHUVSHFWLYDV&LFORHVFRODU
2D[DFD8QLGDGGH3UR\HFWRV(VWUDWpJLFRV
61&+(=$UPDQGR/DUHIRUPDGHODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULD8QD
SURSXHVWDFHQWUDGDHQORVMyYHQHVHQ4XpHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDSDUD
HOVLJOR;;,"6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH81(6&225($/&SS
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHODUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYD
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
6$1'29$/(WHOYLQD/DVHFXQGDULDHOHPHQWRVSDUDGHEDWLU\SHQVDU
HOFDPELRGHVXRUJDQL]DFLyQ\JHVWLyQHQ/D(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD
&DPELRV\SHUVSHFWLYDV2D[DFD,QVWLWXWR(VWDWDOGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
GH2D[DFD
6$1'29$/(WHOYLQD/DWUDPDGHODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULD,QVWLWXFLyQ
UHODFLRQHV\VDEHUHV0p[LFR8QLYHUVLGDG3HGDJyJLFD1DFLRQDO\3OD]D
\9DOGpV
6$1726$QQHWWH\(QQD&DUYDMDO2SHUDFLyQGHOD7HOHVHFXQGDULD
HQ]RQDVUXUDOHVPDUJLQDGDVHQ5HYLVWD/DWLQRDPHULFDQDGH(VWXGLRV
(GXFDWLYRV&HQWURGH(VWXGLRV(GXFDWLYRV0p[LFRYROQDEULO
MXQLRSS
6$1726 $QQHWWH (GXFDFLyQ VHFXQGDULD SHUVSHFWLYDV GH VX
GHPDQGDHQ7HVLVGHO'RFWRUDGR,QWHULQVWLWXFLRQDOHQ(GXFDFLyQ
0p[LFR8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPDGH$JXDVFDOLHQWHV
6$1726$QQHWWH2SRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVHQ7HOHVHFXQGDULD
\ IDFWRUHV TXH ODV FRQGLFLRQDQ HQ 5HYLVWD /DWLQRDPHULFDQD GH
(VWXGLRV(GXFDWLYRV&HQWURGH(VWXGLRV(GXFDWLYRV0p[LFRQ
MXOLRVHSWLHPEUHSS
6(%\1'RFXPHQWREDVH5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD
0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD\1RUPDO
6(3$FXHUGR1DFLRQDOSDUDOD0RGHUQL]DFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD
0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
6(33ODQ\3URJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD6HFXQGDULD
0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFDGDHGLFLyQ
6(3 &XUVR GH FDSDFLWDFLyQ SDUD SURIHVRUHV GH QXHYR LQJUHVR D
OD HGXFDFLyQ 7HOHVHFXQGDULD 0p[LFR 8QLGDG GH7HOHVHFXQGDULD
6XEVHFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD\1RUPDO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
6(30HPRULDGHO4XHKDFHU(GXFDWLYR7RPR0p[LFR
6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
6(36LQIHFKD(VWDGtVWLFDVEiVLFDVGHO6LVWHPD(GXFDWLYR1DFLRQDO,QLFLR\
QGHFXUVRVFLFORVHVFRODUHV0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtD
GH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
617( 6HFXQGDULD /RV FDPELRV HQ OD (GXFDFLyQ %iVLFD HQ
3ULPHU&RQJUHVR1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ0p[LFR6LQGLFDWR1DFLRQDO
GH7UDEDMDGRUHV GH OD (GXFDFLyQ GRFXPHQWRV GH WUDEDMR SDUD VX
GLVFXVLyQ
672///RXLVH\'HDQ),1.3DUDFDPELDUQXHVWUDVHVFXHODV5HXQLU
ODHFDFLD\ODPHMRUD%DUFHORQD2FWDHGUR
7,5$'2)HOLSH/DFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDHQ0p[LFR
HQ&LHQFLD\'HVDUUROOR&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH&LHQFLD\7HFQRORJtD
0p[LFRQSS
9,f$2)5$*2$QWRQLR(GXFDFLyQFRPSUHQVLYD([SHULPHQWRFRQ
ODXWRStDHQ&XDGHUQRVGH3HGDJRJtD%DUFHORQDQMXOLR
DJRVWR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5DIDHO4XLUR](VWUDGD
'RFWRUHQ&LHQFLDVHQOD(VSHFLDOLGDGGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV
,QYHVWLJDGRUGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV',(GHO
&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\GH(VWXGLRV$YDQ]DGRVGHO,31&,19(67$9
0p[LFR0LHPEURGHO&RQVHMR0H[LFDQRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD\GHO
6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHV7UDEDMDHQLQYHVWLJDFLyQHWQRJUiFD
HQODVWUHVPRGDOLGDGHVGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDJHQHUDOWpFQLFD\
WHOHVHFXQGDULD
(GXDUGR:HLVV
'RFWRUHQ&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG(UODQJHQ$OHPDQLD
,QYHVWLJDGRUGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV',(GHO
&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\GH(VWXGLRV$YDQ]DGRVGHO,31&,19(67$9
0p[LFR0LHPEURGHO6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHV\GHO&RQVHMR
0H[LFDQRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD6XVOtQHDVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
DFWXDOHVVRQ,QYHVWLJDFLyQGHOD,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD\-yYHQHV\
EDFKLOOHUDWR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
&DStWXOR,,
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
,QWURGXFFLyQ
(OREMHWLYRJHQHUDOGHOSUHVHQWHDUWtFXORHVGHVFULELUDOJXQRVHOHPHQWRV\
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR(OHVWXGLR
WLHQHFRPRUHIHUHQFLDVDOJXQDVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVGLVSRQLEOHVHODQiOLVLVGH
GRFXPHQWRVRFLDOHV\HQWUHYLVWDVFRQIXQFLRQDULRVGLUHFWLYRV\PDHVWURV
(QHOFDStWXORGRVVHSUHVHQWDXQDEUHYHFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHODHVWUXFWXUD
\RUJDQL]DFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDTXHUHHUHWDQWRDOFLFORREMHWRGH
HVWHHVWXGLRODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDFRPRDOFLFORHVFRODUVLJXLHQWHOD
HGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRU
(QHOWHUFHURVHGHVFULEHQVLQWpWLFDPHQWHORVREMHWLYRV\ODVRULHQWDFLRQHV
JHQHUDOHVGHODVUHIRUPDVGHODHGXFDFLyQHPSUHQGLGDVDSDUWLUGHO$FXHUGR
1DFLRQDOSDUDOD0RGHUQL]DFLyQ(GXFDWLYDGH
(OFXDUWRFDStWXORSUHVHQWDXQDQiOLVLVGHO3ODQGHHVWXGLRGHORV
3URJUDPDVGH(VWXGLR\GHORVOLEURVGHWH[WRGHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUGHOD
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDGH7DPELpQVHDQDOL]DODQXHYDSURSXHVWDFXUULFXODU
VRPHWLGDDGLVFXVLyQDSDUWLUGHVHSWLHPEUHGH\TXHHPSH]DUiDRSHUDU
HQHOFLFORHVFRODUTXHLQLFLDHQDJRVWRGH3DUDQDOL]DUHODSDUWDGRVH
GHVFULEHQFXDWURSUR\HFWRVLQQRYDGRUHVGHRSHUDFLyQGHOFXUULFXOXP
/RVDXWRUHVGHOSUHVHQWHDUWtFXOR5DIDHO4XLUR]\(GXDUGR:HLVVVHGHVHPSHxDQFRPR
LQYHVWLJDGRUHVGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV',(GHO&HQWURGH
,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\GH(VWXGLRV$YDQ]DGRVGHO,31&,19(67$90p[LFR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(QHOTXLQWRVHSODQWHDQORVSUREOHPDVGHODJHVWLyQ\ODVFRQGLFLRQHV
PDWHULDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV\DOJXQRVGHORVSURJUDPDVTXHSUHWHQGHQLQXLU
HQODVPLVPDV
(OFDStWXORVHLVDQDOL]DODIRUPDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHPDHVWURV\
GLUHFWLYRV6HSUHVHQWDXQEUHYHDQiOLVLVVREUHODIRUPDFLyQLQLFLDOGHORV
PDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULD\XQDGHVFULSFLyQGHORVPHFDQLVPRV\SURJUDPDV
GHDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHOPDJLVWHULRHQVHUYLFLR
(QHO~OWLPRFDStWXORVHSUHVHQWDXQEDODQFHJOREDOGHODUHIRUPD\XQ
DQiOLVLVGHODVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHDFXHUGRDORSODQWHDGRKDVWDODIHFKDHQHO
VH[HQLRGHJRELHUQRTXHWHUPLQDUiHQ
(VWUXFWXUD\RUJDQL]DFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULD
D (GXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
/DHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFRHVHOQLYHOHGXFDWLYRGHWUHVDxRV
TXHVLJXHDORVVHLVDxRVGHHGXFDFLyQSULPDULD&RUUHVSRQGHDODVFRKRUWHV
GHGRFHDTXLQFHDxRVGHHGDG(VHO~OWLPRFLFORGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD\D
SDUWLUGHWLHQHFDUiFWHUREOLJDWRULR
/DGHPDQGDVHDWLHQGHPHGLDQWHWUHVPRGDOLGDGHVVHFXQGDULDJHQHUDO
VHFXQGDULDWpFQLFD\WHOHVHFXQGDULD(QHOFLFORHVFRODUTXHLQLFLyHQDJRVWR
GHODPDWUtFXODWRWDOIXHGHHVWXGLDQWHVHQHVFXHODV
6(3D$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHVWiQLQVFULSWRVHQ
ODPRGDOLGDGGHVHFXQGDULDJHQHUDOHQVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDV\HQ
WHOHVHFXQGDULDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
$FDGpPLFDPHQWHODVWUHVPRGDOLGDGHVWUDEDMDQFRQXQSODQGHHVWXGLRV
QDFLRQDO~QLFRSRUDVLJQDWXUDV(VWHSODQGHHVWXGLRVVyORWLHQHXQHVSDFLR
FXUULFXODURSWDWLYRHQWHUFHUJUDGRSDUDVHURFXSDGRFRQFRQWHQLGRVTXH
FRUUHVSRQGHQDODJHRJUDItD\ODKLVWRULDGHFDGDHQWLGDGIHGHUDWLYD
/DVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUHODVPRGDOLGDGHVUHHUHQHVHQFLDOPHQWHDDOJXQDV
FXHVWLRQHVRSHUDWLYDV/DVVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHV\WpFQLFDVRSHUDQGHPDQHUD
PX\VLPLODUWLHQHQXQPDHVWURGLIHUHQWHSDUDFDGDDVLJQDWXUDDFDGpPLFDR
DFWLYLGDGGHGHVDUUROOR\XWLOL]DQOLEURVGHWH[WRGHODVHGLWRULDOHVFRPHUFLDOHV
SDUDHOWUDEDMRGHODVDVLJQDWXUDV*HQHUDOPHQWHORVJUXSRVHQHVWDVPRGDOLGDGHV
VRQQXPHURVRVHQRFDVLRQHVGHPiVGHFLQFXHQWDHVWXGLDQWHVSRUJUXSR6X
GLIHUHQFLDIXQGDPHQWDOHVTXHODVVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDVWLHQHQPiVWLHPSR
FXUULFXODUSDUDODVDFWLYLGDGHVWHFQROyJLFDV/DVVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHV\ODV
WHOHVHFXQGDULDVWLHQHQXQDFDUJDGHWUHLQWD\FLQFRVHVLRQHVGHFLQFXHQWD
PLQXWRVFDGDVHPDQDORTXHHTXLYDOHDDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDWUHLQWDKRUDVSRU
VHPDQDGLVWULEXLGDVHQWUHFLQFRGtDV(QODVVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDVVHGHGLFDQ
PiVKRUDVDODVDFWLYLGDGHVWHFQROyJLFDV(QODPD\RUtDGHHOODVODFDQWLGDG
GHKRUDVDGLFLRQDOHVHVWUHVORTXHLPSOLFDXQDFDUJDKRUDULDVHPDQDOGH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHWUHLQWD\WUHVKRUDV1RREVWDQWHHQDOJXQDVVHFXQGDULDV
WpFQLFDVDJURSHFXDULDVODFDUJDKRUDULDVHPDQDOOOHJDDWUHLQWD\QXHYHKRUDV
\DTXHVHGHGLFDQKDVWDQXHYHKRUDVPiVDODVDFWLYLGDGHVWHFQROyJLFDV(V
HYLGHQWHTXHHQODPRGDOLGDGGHVHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDVODVREUHFDUJDKRUDULD
HVPiVIXHUWHGHQWURGHXQSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHSRUVtVDWXUDGR
/DWHOHVHFXQGDULDVXUJHSDUDDWHQGHUDODSREODFLyQUXUDOPiVGLVSHUVDHQ
DTXHOORVOXJDUHVHQTXHODFDQWLGDGGHDOXPQRVHQFDGDHVFXHODQRMXVWLFDED
ODSUHVHQFLDGHXQPDHVWURHVSHFLDOLVWDSRUFDGDDVLJQDWXUD3RUHOOROD
WHOHVHFXQGDULDRSHUDFRQXQPDHVWUR~QLFRSDUDFDGDJUXSRTXHDSR\DVX
HQVHxDQ]DHQODVFODVHVWHOHYLVDGDV\ORVPDWHULDOHVLPSUHVRVHVSHFLDOPHQWH
HODERUDGRVSDUDODPRGDOLGDG
(QFRPELQDFLyQFRQODVWUHVPRGDOLGDGHVIXQFLRQDQSURJUDPDVHVSH
FLDOHVTXHEXVFDQDWHQGHUDSREODFLRQHVHVSHFtFDV\RLQQRYDUODVIRUPDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
GHHQVHxDQ]D/DWHOHVHFXQGDULDPLVPDHVXQFDVR2WURVSURJUDPDVHQHVWD
OyJLFDVRQOD3RVSULPDULD&RPXQLWDULD5XUDOODVHFXQGDULDDELHUWDSDUDDGXOWRV
\HOSUR\HFWR6HFXQGDULD6LJOR;;,(QHODSDUWDGRUHIHULGRDFXUULFXOXPVH
KDUiXQDGHVFULSFLyQGHWDOODGDGHHVWRVSURJUDPDV
E (GXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRU
$XQTXHODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRUQRHVREMHWRGHDQiOLVLVHQHVWH
HVWXGLRVHSUHVHQWDXQDEUHYHGHVFULSFLyQGHHVWHQLYHOFRQHOSURSyVLWR
GHSURSRUFLRQDUXQDYLVLyQJOREDOGHORTXHVXHOHGHQRPLQDUVHHGXFDFLyQ
PHGLD
/D HGXFDFLyQ PHGLD VXSHULRU HV HO QLYHO HGXFDWLYR TXH VLJXH D OD
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD*HQHUDOPHQWHDEDUFDWUHVDxRVDXQTXHHQDOJXQRVFDVRV
H[FHSFLRQDOHVVyORLQFOX\HGRVDxRV&RQVLGHUDQGRHOLQLFLRGHODHVFRODULGDG
FRQODSULPDULDFRUUHVSRQGHDORVDxRVGLH]DGRFHGHODHVFRODULGDGGHORV
DOXPQRV
/DHGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRUGHSHQGtDWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHGHODVXQLYHU
VLGDGHV'HVGHORVDxRVVHWHQWDVHKDLQQRYDGRFRQVWDQWHPHQWHDOLQVWLWXLU
SULPHURXQVLVWHPDGHHGXFDFLyQWHFQROyJLFDFRQGRVPRGDOLGDGHVEDFKLOOH
UDWRWHFQROyJLFR\FDUUHUDVWpFQLFRSURIHVLRQDOHVOXHJRHQORVDxRVRFKHQWD
FRQODFUHDFLyQGHXQVLVWHPDGHEDFKLOOHUDWRVJHQHUDOHVLQGHSHQGLHQWHVGH
ODVXQLYHUVLGDGHVTXHHQODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQDQWHULRUIXHURQGHVFHQWUDOL]DGRV
KDFLDORVHVWDGRV/DGHVFHQWUDOL]DFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQWHFQROyJLFDVHSUHYp
HQODSUHVHQWHDGPLQLVWUDFLyQ
(QGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHVWDEDQLQVFULSWRVHQEDFKLOOHUDWRV
JHQHUDOHVHQEDFKLOOHUDWRVWHFQROyJLFRV\HQFDUUHUDVSURIHVLRQDO
WpFQLFDV/DHGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRUHQFRQMXQWRFDSWyGHORVHJUHVDGRV
GHODVHFXQGDULDVLQHPEDUJRVyORWHUPLQDURQHOQLYHOGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
TXHVHLQVFULELHURQHQORVEDFKLOOHUDWRV\GHORVTXHVHLQVFULELHURQHQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
FDUUHUDVSURIHVLRQDOWpFQLFDV3DUDGLVPLQXLUODGHVHUFLyQDWULEXLEOHDORV
SUREOHPDVHFRQyPLFRVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVHOJRELHUQRIHGHUDOSURSRUFLRQD
VHOHFWLYDPHQWHDOJXQDVEHFDV(QODDFWXDODGPLQLVWUDFLyQOD6(3VHSURSRQH
ODH[SDQVLyQGHOQLYHO
/RVEDFKLOOHUDWRVGHORVHVWDGRV\ORVXQLYHUVLWDULRVFRQIRUPDQXQFRQMXQWR
KHWHURJpQHRGHSURSXHVWDVFXUULFXODUHV\IRUPDVGHRSHUDFLyQ$HOORVVH
DJUHJDQODVHVFXHODVSULYDGDVTXHDEVRUEHQGHODPDWULFXODGHOQLYHO\
TXHWLHQHQUHFRQRFLPLHQWRRFLDOSRUSDUWHGHPX\GLYHUVDVLQVWDQFLDV&RQ
HOORVHRULJLQDQP~OWLSOHVSUREOHPDVGHSHUWLQHQFLDGHORVSODQHV\SURJUDPDV
GHHVWXGLRVREUHWRGRVLVHFRQVLGHUDORTXHHVWRVVLJQLFDQHQODGHQRPLQDGD
VRFLHGDGGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR
7DPELpQODDFWXDOL]DFLyQ\ODIRUPDFLyQGHORVGRFHQWHVHVXQUXEURFRQ
SUREOHPDVDUHVROYHU$FWXDOPHQWHQRKD\XQDIRUPDFLyQGRFHQWHHVSHFtFD
SDUDHOQLYHOODPD\RUtDGHORVGRFHQWHVVRQHJUHVDGRVGHODVPiVGLYHUVDV
OLFHQFLDWXUDV(OSUREOHPDQRHVIiFLOGHUHVROYHUSRUODJUDQFDQWLGDG\
GLYHUVLGDGGHLQVWLWXFLRQHVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHOFXUUtFXOR\GHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQ
(OUHWRHVXQDPHMRUFRRUGLQDFLyQHQYDULRViPELWRVGHODKHWHURJHQHLGDG
GHFRPSRQHQWHVGHOVXEVLVWHPD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/DUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQHO
FRQWH[WRGHODVSROtWLFDVGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
(VFRQYHQLHQWHUHDOL]DUXQDDFODUDFLyQLQLFLDO/DUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULDTXHVHSUHVHQWDHQHVWHDSDUWDGRKDFHUHIHUHQFLDDGRVUHIRUPDV/D
SULPHUD6(3VHLQLFLDFRQHO$FXHUGR1DFLRQDOSDUDOD0RGHUQL]DFLyQ
GHOD(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD$10(%\FRQWLQ~DFRQHO3URJUDPDGH'HVDUUROOR
(GXFDWLYR(VWDUHIRUPDVHIXHFRQFUHWDQGRHQGLYHUVDVDFFLRQHVD
ORODUJRGHGLH]DxRV/DVHJXQGDUHIRUPDDSDUHFHHQXQFLDGDHQHO3URJUDPD
1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ6(3D\DODIHFKDORVSURJUDPDV
HVSHFtFRVSDUDVXFRQFUHFLyQHVWiQVLHQGRHODERUDGRVSRUORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRV
GHOD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD(QHVWHDSDUWDGRVyORVHHQXQFLDUiQ
ORVHOHPHQWRVTXHFRQWHPSODFDGDUHIRUPDGHMDQGRVXGHVDUUROORHVSHFtFR
SDUDORVDSDUWDGRVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV
(OSULPHUFLFORGHUHIRUPDVDODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDFRPHQ]yHQFRQ
ODUPDGHO$FXHUGR1DFLRQDOSDUDOD0RGHUQL]DFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD
HQWUHHOJRELHUQRIHGHUDOORVJRELHUQRVGHODVWUHLQWD\GRVHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV
\HO6LQGLFDWR1DFLRQDOGH7UDEDMDGRUHVGHOD(GXFDFLyQ617((VWHDFXHUGR
SURSRQHWUHVUXEURVSDUDODUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDODUHRUJDQL]DFLyQ
GHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRODUHIRUPXODFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRV\ORVPDWHULDOHV
HGXFDWLYRV\ODUHYDORUDFLyQGHODIXQFLyQPDJLVWHULDO6(3
&RQUHODFLyQDODUHRUJDQL]DFLyQGHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRODVLWXDFLyQ
TXHSUHYDOHFtDHUDTXHDSHVDUGHXQDFRQVWLWXFLyQIRUPDOPHQWHIHGHUDO
HOUpJLPHQSRVUHYROXFLRQDULRKDEtDFRQFHQWUDGRFHQWUDOPHQWHSRUYDULRV
GHFHQLRVHOSRGHU\ODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHORVVHUYLFLRV'HVGHPHGLDGRVGHORV
DxRVVHWHQWDFRPHQ]yXQWtPLGRSURFHVRGHGHVFRQFHQWUDFLyQDWUDYpVGHODV
GHOHJDFLRQHVGHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQS~EOLFDIHGHUDOHQORVHVWDGRVTXHHQFRQWUy
ODUHVLVWHQFLDGHORVVLQGLFDWRVGHWUDEDMDGRUHVGHOHVWDGRGHVWDFDGDPHQWH
HOGHPDHVWURVTXHWHPtDODGLVPLQXFLyQGHVXSRGHUDOYHUVHHQSHOLJURHO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
FRQWUDWR~QLFRQDFLRQDO(QODQXHYDGLUHFFLyQGHO6LQGLFDWR1DFLRQDOGH
7UDEDMDGRUHVGHOD(GXFDFLyQVHFRPSURPHWHDSDUWLFLSDUHQODPRGHUQL]DFLyQ
GHORVVHUYLFLRVORFXDOVHSODVPDFRQODUPDGHODFXHUGRHQ'HHVWD
PDQHUDODSURSLHGDG\DGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHFDVLPLOSODQWHOHVGHHGXFDFLyQ
EiVLFDDVtFRPRODUHODFLyQODERUDOFRQPLOSURIHVRUHVHVWUDQVIHULGDD
ORVHVWDGRV(OVLQGLFDWRFRQVHUYDVXUHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGQDFLRQDO~QLFD\ORJUD
HQWUHORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODUHYDORUDFLyQGHODIXQFLyQPDJLVWHULDOLQFUHPHQWRV
UHDOHVHQORVVDODULRV/RVJRELHUQRVHVWDWDOHVDOJXQRVLQLFLDOPHQWHUHWLFHQWHV
DDVXPLUODQXHYDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGQDOPHQWHDFHSWDURQDQWHODSURPHVDGH
ODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHPiVUHFXUVRVVFDOHV/R\R5H\HV
(OSURFHVRGHGHVFHQWUDOL]DFLyQDGPLQLVWUDWLYDOODPDGRIHGHUDOL]DFLyQ
SURFHGLyUiSLGDPHQWHQRDVtHOSURFHVRGHLQWHJUDFLyQHQWUHORVVHUYLFLRVTXH
DQWHVHUDQIHGHUDOHVFRQORVHVWDWDOHV6LELHQKR\HQGtDWRGDVODVHQWLGDGHV
FXHQWDQFRQXQD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD(VWDWDO\XQDSODQLFDFLyQ
XQLFDGDHQORVHVWDGRVTXHWHQtDQSURSRUFLRQHVLPSRUWDQWHVGHVHUYLFLRV
HVWDWDOHVVLJXHQFRH[LVWLHQGRHO,QVWLWXWRDQWHVGHOHJDFLyQTXHDGPLQLVWUD
ODVHVFXHODVTXHDQWHVHUDQIHGHUDOHV\ODVHFUHWDUtDHVWDWDODGPLQLVWUDDODVTXH
DQWHVHUDQHVWDWDOHV(OORVHGHEHVREUHWRGRDGLIHUHQFLDVHQORVHVTXHPDV
GHMXELODFLyQ\GHODVSUHVWDFLRQHVTXHD~QQRVHORJUDQXQLFDU5H\HV
/D/H\*HQHUDOGH(GXFDFLyQGHTXHUHFRJHORVFDPELRVSODQWHDGRV
HQHO$10(%\ORVHQPDUFDHQXQHQIRTXHGHFDOLGDG\HTXLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQ
FRQSDUWLFLSDFLyQVRFLDOGHQHFRQFODULGDGTXHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHV
SDUWHGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDORTXHDGHPiVVHUHIXHU]DDOHVWDEOHFHUHQHO
$UWtFXOR7HUFHURVXFDUiFWHUREOLJDWRULR6(3D
(VWDOH\HVWDEOHFHFRPRDWULEXFLRQHVH[FOXVLYDVGHODDXWRULGDGHGXFDWLYD
IHGHUDOGHWHUPLQDUSDUDWRGDOD5HS~EOLFDORVSODQHV\SURJUDPDVSDUDOD
HGXFDFLyQSULPDULDODVHFXQGDULDODQRUPDO\GHPiVSDUDODIRUPDFLyQGH
PDHVWURVGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDSDUDORFXDOFRQVLGHUDUiODRSLQLyQGHODV
DXWRULGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVORFDOHV\GHORVGLYHUVRVVHFWRUHVLQYROXFUDGRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HVWDEOHFHUHOFDOHQGDULRHVFRODUHODERUDU\PDQWHQHUDFWXDOL]DGRVORVOLEURV
GHWH[WRJUDWXLWRVPHGLDQWHSURFHGLPLHQWRVTXHSHUPLWDQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGH
ORVGLYHUVRVVHFWRUHVVRFLDOHVDXWRUL]DUHOXVRVGHWH[WRVSDUDODHGXFDFLyQ
SULPDULD\ODVHFXQGDULDMDUXQVLVWHPDQDFLRQDOGHIRUPDFLyQDFWXDOL]DFLyQ
FDSDFLWDFLyQ\VXSHUDFLyQSURIHVLRQDOSDUDORVPDHVWURVGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
HQWUHRWURV6(3D$UW$ODVDXWRULGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVORFDOHV
FRUUHVSRQGHGHPDQHUDH[FOXVLYDSUHVWDUORVVHUYLFLRVGHHGXFDFLyQLQLFLDO
EiVLFD\QRUPDOSURSRQHUFRQWHQLGRVUHJLRQDOHVSUHVWDUORVVHUYLFLRVGH
IRUPDFLyQDFWXDOL]DFLyQFDSDFLWDFLyQ\VXSHUDFLyQUHYDOLGDUHVWXGLRV\
RWRUJDUQHJDURUHYRFDUODDXWRUL]DFLyQDSDUWLFXODUHV6(3D$UW
$OJXQDVOH\HVGHHGXFDFLyQHVWDWDOHVDPSOtDQODVIDFXOWDGHVSDUDODLQWHUYHQFLyQ
HQORVFRQWHQLGRV\ORVPpWRGRVHGXFDWLYRV5H\HV
&RQUHODFLyQDODUHIRUPXODFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRV\PDWHULDOHVHGXFDWLYRV
HQVHLQLFLDODRSHUDFLyQGHXQQXHYRSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULD(QHODSDUWDGRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVHKDUiXQDQiOLVLVGHWDOODGRGH
HVWHWHPD
8QRGHORVSLODUHVGHODUHYDORUDFLyQGHODIXQFLyQPDJLVWHULDOIXHOD
LQVWLWXFLyQGHXQDFDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDOHQ6HWUDWDGHXQVLVWHPDGH
SURPRFLyQKRUL]RQWDOTXHIXQFLRQDHQSDUDOHORDODQWLJXRHVFDODIyQTXH
LPSXOVDODVXSHUDFLyQGHORVGRFHQWHVGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD\RWRUJDHVWtPXORV
HFRQyPLFRVHQFLQFRQLYHOHV&RPELQDGLIHUHQWHVDVSHFWRV\IRUPDVGHHYDOXDU
/RVIDFWRUHVGHHYDOXDFLyQSDUDORVPDHVWURVIUHQWHDJUXSRVRQDQWLJHGDG
JUDGRDFDGpPLFRSUHSDUDFLyQSURIHVLRQDOPHGLGDSRUXQH[DPHQDSOLFDGRSRU
ODVDXWRULGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVFXUVRVGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ\VXSHUDFLyQSURIHVLRQDO
GHVHPSHxRHVFRODUHYDOXDGRSRUVXGLUHFWRUGHHVFXHOD\DSURYHFKDPLHQWR
HVFRODUGHVXVHVWXGLDQWHV6(3
(O3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQFRQWLQ~DFRQHOSUR
JUDPDGHPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDG\HQIDWL]DHQODQHFHVLGDGGHORJUDU
ODHTXLGDGHQHODFFHVR\ODSHUPDQHQFLDHQODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD(QHVWH
FRQWH[WRVHDFHOHUDODH[SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ]RQDVUXUDOHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
YtDODWHOHVHFXQGDULD\VXUJHHO3URJUDPDGH3RVSULPDULD5XUDOGLULJLGRD
SREODFLRQHVUXUDOHVGLVSHUVDV
5HVSHFWRDODIRUPDFLyQGHORVPDHVWURVHQVHSRQHHQPDUFKDHQ
FRQYHQLRVFRQORVJRELHUQRVHVWDWDOHVHO3URJUDPDSDUDOD7UDQVIRUPDFLyQ
\HO)RUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHODV(VFXHODV1RUPDOHVFRQHOSURSyVLWRGHHOHYDU
ODFDOLGDGGHORVVHUYLFLRVTXHRIUHFHQ(OSURJUDPDVHHQIRFDLQLFLDOPHQWH
DOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODLQIUDHVWUXFWXUD(QVHLQLFLDXQQXHYRSODQGH
HVWXGLRVGHOD/LFHQFLDWXUDHQ(GXFDFLyQ3ULPDULD(OQXHYRSODQ\ORV
SURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRGHOD/LFHQFLDWXUDHQ(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULDFRQVXV
GLH]HVSHFLDOLGDGHVLQLFLDQVXRSHUDFLyQHQ(QMXOLRGHHJUHVy
GHODVHVFXHODVQRUPDOHVVXSHULRUHVODSULPHUDJHQHUDFLyQIRUPDGDFRQHVWH
SODQGHHVWXGLRV3DUDRULHQWDUODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHPDHVWURVHQVHUYLFLRVH
LPSODQWyGHVGHXQ3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ3HUPDQHQWHGH
ORV0DHVWURVGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFDHQ6HUYLFLR\VHFUHDURQ&HQWURVGH
0DHVWURV6HEXVFDTXHH[LVWDXQDFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQWUHODVFRQFHSFLRQHV
\HQIRTXHVGHODIRUPDFLyQLQLFLDO\ODDFWXDOL]DFLyQ(VWRVWHPDVVHUiQ
GHVDUUROODGRVFRQDPSOLWXGHQHODSDUWDGRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
(Q HO 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO GH (GXFDFLyQ HVWDV SROtWLFDV
FRQWLQ~DQHQHOFRQWH[WRGHTXHHOJRELHUQRIHGHUDOHVSRUSULPHUDYH]
HQFDEH]DGRSRUXQSUHVLGHQWHTXHVXUJHGHXQSDUWLGRGHRSRVLFLyQ(O
SURJUDPDIXHHODERUDGRFRQEDVHHQXQGRFXPHQWRTXHHVWDEOHFtDODVEDVHV
GHOGHVDUUROORHGXFDWLYR(VWHGRFXPHQWRORJHQHUyXQJUXSRGHWUDQVLFLyQ
HQHOTXHSDUWLFLSDURQLQYHVWLJDGRUHV\ODVFDEH]DVGHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRV
GHOD6XEVHFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD\1RUPDO6(%\1(VWRVHTXLSRV
WpFQLFRVWXYLHURQFRQWLQXLGDGGHDFWRUHV\SURJUDPDVHQHOQXHYRJRELHUQR
(QHVWHSURJUDPDHQORTXHVHUHHUHDODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDKD\XQpQIDVLV
PD\RUHQFXHVWLRQHVGHHTXLGDGHVSHFLDOPHQWHUHIHULGDDORVJUXSRVPiV
YXOQHUDEOHV\DODHGXFDFLyQPXOWLFXOWXUDO\ELOLQJH7DPELpQGHVWDFDQORV
SODQWHDPLHQWRVVREUHODJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYDTXHVHSODVPDQHQHO3URJUDPDGH
(VFXHODVGH&DOLGDGFX\DQDOLGDGHVSURSRUFLRQDUVHOHFWLYDPHQWHXQDSR\R
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HFRQyPLFRDODVHVFXHODVSDUDHOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHVXLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDSDUD
PDWHULDO\UHFXUVRVGLGiFWLFRV\SDUDSUR\HFWRVGHPHMRUDPLHQWRDFDGpPLFR
HODERUDGRVFRQSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODFRPXQLGDGHGXFDWLYD
5HVSHFWRDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQHO3URJUDPDVHSODQWHD
ODLQVXFLHQFLDGHODUHIRUPDUHDOL]DGDHQ(VWDFULWLFDOHYDQWDGDSRUYDULDV
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHVH[WHUQDVHVDFHSWDGDSRUORVPLVPRVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVDOQDO
GHOVH[HQLRDQWHULRU\DTXHFRQVLGHUDQODUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
HQWUHORVUHWRVSHQGLHQWHV\VHxDODQODQHFHVLGDGGHVXPHMRUDGHFXDFLyQDOD
QXHYDFXOWXUDMXYHQLOTXHUHTXLHUHWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVHQHOiPELWRGHOFXUUtFXOR
\GHODHVFXHODFRPRXQLGDGHGXFDWLYD%RQLOOD
(QHOPLVPRSURJUDPDFRPRSDUWHGHODSROtWLFDGHDUWLFXODFLyQGHOD
HGXFDFLyQEiVLFDVHSODQWHDQGRVSUR\HFWRVSULRULWDULRVUHIHULGRVDODHGXFDFLyQ
VHFXQGDULD3URJUDPDGH5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD\
3URJUDPDSDUDHO)RUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHO6HUYLFLRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ7HOHVHFXQGDULD
6(3D(OSULPHURGHHVWRVSURJUDPDVLPSOLFDFRQWDUSDUDFRQ
XQDSURSXHVWDGHUHQRYDFLyQFXUULFXODUSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYDGHOD
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD(OVHJXQGRSURJUDPDLPSOLFDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQ
QXHYRPRGHORSHGDJyJLFRSDUDHVWDPRGDOLGDGGHVHFXQGDULDSDUDDXPHQWDU
ODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHGHWRGRVORVHVWXGLDQWHV
(QHOSURJUDPDVHSODQWHDWDPELpQXQDSROtWLFDGHHYDOXDFLyQ
\VHJXLPLHQWRGHORVORJURVHGXFDWLYRV6(3D/DH[SUHVLyQPiV
FODUDGHHVWDSROtWLFDHVODFRQVWLWXFLyQHQGHO,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH
(YDOXDFLyQ(GXFDWLYDHQpOTXHDGHPiVGHOJRELHUQRSDUWLFLSDQGLIHUHQWHV
DFWRUHV\UHSUHVHQWDQWHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV6XREMHWLYRIXQGDPHQWDOHVUHDOL]DU
HYDOXDFLRQHVGHGLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVGHODHGXFDFLyQ\GLIXQGLUS~EOLFDPHQWH
VXVUHVXOWDGRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
&XUUtFXOR\HQVHxDQ]D
(QHVWHDSDUWDGRVHKDFHUHIHUHQFLDDGRVSURFHVRVFXUULFXODUHV(OTXH
VHLQLFLDHQ\TXHFRQSHTXHxRVFDPELRVHV\VHJXLUiYLJHQWHKDVWDHO
FLFORHVFRODUTXHFRQFOXLUiHQMXQLRGH(ORWURSURFHVRFXUULFXODUHVWi
HQVXIDVHLQLFLDO\VyORH[LVWHXQDSULPHUDYHUVLyQGHOFXUUtFXORDSDUHFLGD
HQVHSWLHPEUHGH(VWDYHUVLyQVHUiVRPHWLGDDGLVFXVLyQHQGLIHUHQWHV
LQVWDQFLDV\ODYHUVLyQGHQLWLYDIXHSUHYLVWDSDUDHQHURGH(QHVHDxR
VHHODERUDUiQ\GLFWDPLQDUiQORVQXHYRVOLEURVGHWH[WR\HOQXHYRSODQGH
HVWXGLRVHPSH]DUiDRSHUDUHQHOFLFORHVFRODUTXHVHLQLFLDUiHQDJRVWRGH
6HSUHVHQWDXQDQiOLVLVGHWDOODGRGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHOFXUUtFXOXPYLJHQWH
TXHSHUPLWHLGHQWLFDUORVSUREOHPDVH[LVWHQWHVHQHOPLVPRFRQUHODFLyQD
VXFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRGHODVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D$VtPLVPRVHSODQWHDQ
DOJXQDVSURSXHVWDVSDUDGDUUHVSXHVWDDWDOHVSUREOHPDV/DUHYLVLyQGHOD
SULPHUDYHUVLyQGHOQXHYRSODQGHHVWXGLRVWLHQHFRPRRULHQWDFLyQ
FHQWUDODQDOL]DUORTXHVLJQLFDFRPRUHVSXHVWDDORVSUREOHPDVGHOFXUULFXOXP
YLJHQWH\FDOLEUDUODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVSUREDEOHVGHODHQVHxDQ]D(QOD
~OWLPDVHFFLyQGHHVWHDSDUWDGRVHGHVFULEHQFXDWURSURJUDPDVLQQRYDGRUHV
GHODRSHUDFLyQGHOFXUUtFXOXPYLJHQWH
E /DUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUGH
(O$FXHUGR1DFLRQDOSDUDOD0RGHUQL]DFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD
GH6(3SODQWHDODQHFHVLGDGGHXQDUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUSDUDOD
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD(OSODQGHHVWXGLRVYLJHQWHKDVWDHVHPRPHQWRWHQtD
XQDDQWLJHGDGGHGLHFLVLHWHDxRV(OPLVPRFRQWHPSODEDGRVHVWUXFWXUDV
HTXLYDOHQWHVSRUiUHDVRSRUDVLJQDWXUDV&DGD]RQDHVFRODU\RFDGDHVFXHOD
SRGtDRSWDUSRUXQDGHODVGRVHVWUXFWXUDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/DUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUVHFRQFUHWDHQFRQODH[SHGLFLyQGHO3ODQ
\ORV3URJUDPDVGH(VWXGLRSDUDOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD6(3E\OD
HODERUDFLyQ\SXEOLFDFLyQGHORVOLEURVGHWH[WRSRUODVHGLWRULDOHVFRPHUFLDOHV
,QLFLDVXRSHUDFLyQHQWRGDVODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVGHOSDtVHQDJRVWRGHO
PLVPRDxR
(O DQiOLVLV TXH VH SUHVHQWD GH HVWD UHIRUPD VH DUWLFXOD HQ WRUQR DO
FRQFHSWRGHSURFHVRFXUULFXODU6HSXHGHFRQFHSWXDOL]DUORFXUULFXODUFRPR
HOSURFHVRGHPHGLDFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQFRPRGHVWLQRQDOODHQVHxDQ]DHVFRODU
,QFOX\HGHVGHODVLQWHQFLRQHV\QDOLGDGHVPiVJHQHUDOHVTXHDSDUHFHQHQORV
GRFXPHQWRVGHSROtWLFDHGXFDWLYDKDVWDVXOOHJDGDPHGLDQWHGLYHUVRVPHGLRV
SURJUDPDVOLEURVGHWH[WRDFXHUGRVHWFDORVPDHVWURVVLQJXODUHVTXHD
VXYH]ORWUDQVIRUPDQHQSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D4XLUR]/DUHYLVLyQ
GHWDOODGDGHOSURFHVRTXHVHDQDOL]DSHUPLWLyLGHQWLFDUFLQFRIDVHV
3URSyVLWRVGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
(VWUXFWXUDGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
(QIRTXHV\RULHQWDFLRQHVGLGiFWLFDV\HYDOXDWLYDVGHORVSURJUDPDVGH
HVWXGLR
6HOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVGHORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR
/LEURVGHWH[WR
(OFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRTXHFDGDIDVHHMHUFHVREUHODVLJXLHQWHHVYDULDEOH
(QDOJXQRVFDVRVKD\FRQFRUGDQFLDV\HQRWURVUXSWXUDV$FRQWLQXDFLyQVH
DQDOL]DFyPRVHSUHVHQWDQHVWDVUHODFLRQHVHQHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGH6H
EXVFDLGHQWLFDUORVFULWHULRVGHSHUWLQHQFLDTXHVXE\DFHQDODVDOWHUQDWLYDV
FXUULFXODUHVVHOHFFLRQDGDVHQFDGDIDVH\YDORUDUVXSRVLEOHLQXHQFLDVREUH
ODVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
3URSyVLWRVGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
/RVSURSyVLWRVGHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUDSDUHFHQHQXQFLDGRVHQHO$FXHUGR
1DFLRQDOSDUDOD0RGHUQL]DFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFDGH6(3\
HQORV3ODQHV\3URJUDPDVGH(VWXGLRSDUD6HFXQGDULDGH6(3E
(QHO$10(%VHSURSRQHXQDUHIRUPDLQWHJUDOGHORVFRQWHQLGRV\PDWH
ULDOHVHGXFDWLYRVTXHKDEUiGHWUDGXFLUVHHQXQDUHQRYDFLyQWRWDOGHSURJUDPDV
GHHVWXGLR\OLEURVGHWH[WRSDUDHOFLFORHVFRODU(VWDVSURSXHVWDV
TXHGDQSODVPDGDVHQHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHHQHOVLJXLHQWHGLVFXUVR
(OSURSyVLWRHVHQFLDOGHOSODQTXHVHGHULYDGHO$FXHUGR1DFLRQDOSDUDOD
0RGHUQL]DFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFDHVFRQWULEXLUDHOHYDUODFDOLGDGGHOD
IRUPDFLyQGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXHKDQWHUPLQDGRODHGXFDFLyQSULPDULDPHGLDQWH
HOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHDTXHOORVFRQWHQLGRVTXHUHVSRQGHQDODVQHFHVLGDGHVEi
VLFDVGHDSUHQGL]DMHGHODSREODFLyQMRYHQGHOSDtV\TXHVyORODHVFXHODSXHGH
RIUHFHU6(3ES
(O FRQFHSWR GH QHFHVLGDGHV EiVLFDV GH DSUHQGL]DMH GHMy P~OWLSOHV
LQWHUVWLFLRVSDUDODVVLJXLHQWHVIDVHVGHOSURFHVRFXUULFXODU(QHOSODQGH
HVWXGLRVTXHVHDQDOL]DWHUPLQDVLHQGRVyORXQUHFXUVRUHWyULFRTXHWLHQHSRFR
SHVRHQODVRULHQWDFLRQHVFXUULFXODUHV
(VWUXFWXUDGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
&RQODUHIRUPDVHUHVXHOYHHOSUREOHPDGHODGXDOLGDGGHHVWUXFWXUDV
FXUULFXODUHVGHORVSURJUDPDVDQWHULRUHV6HRSWDSRUXQQXHYRSODQQDFLRQDO
GHHVWXGLRVFRQODHVWUXFWXUDGHDVLJQDWXUDVFRQHODUJXPHQWRGHTXHH[LVWH
XQDRSLQLyQPD\RULWDULDHQHOVHQWLGRGHTXHODRUJDQL]DFLyQSRUiUHDVKD
FRQWULEXLGRDODLQVXFLHQFLD\ODHVFDVDVLVWHPDWL]DFLyQHQODDGTXLVLFLyQGH
XQDIRUPDFLyQGLVFLSOLQDULDRUGHQDGD\VyOLGDSRUSDUWHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
6(3ES
*LPHQRDUJXPHQWDTXHODSHUVLVWHQFLDGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQSRUDVLJQDWXUDVVH
VXVWHQWDHQXQDLPSURQWDDGPLQLVWUDWLYD\DTXHFXDQGRHOFXUULFXOXPVHH[SUHVD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HQHVWRVWpUPLQRVHVPiVIiFLOGHUHJXODUFRQWURODU\DVHJXUDUODLQVSHFFLyQ
TXHFXDQGRH[LVWHFRQFXDOTXLHURWUDIyUPXODTXHFRQWHQJDFRQVLGHUDFLRQHV
GHWLSRSVLFRSHGDJyJLFR*LPHQR3DUDORVPDHVWURVHQODSUiFWLFD
ODVDVLJQDWXUDVUHSUHVHQWDQXQFDPSRIiFLOPHQWHWUDQVLWDEOHDORODUJRGHO
FRQRFLPLHQWRVLVWHPDWL]DGRTXHFRQWUDVWDFRQODVGLFXOWDGHVLQKHUHQWHVD
RWUDVIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQFXUULFXODU
2WUDFUtWLFDDODRUJDQL]DFLyQFXUULFXODUSRUDVLJQDWXUDVHVTXHODPLVPD
VyORFRQVLGHUDODVGLVFLSOLQDVWUDGLFLRQDOHVGHOVLJOR;,;\QRLQFRUSRUDORV
DSRUWHVGHODVGLVFLSOLQDVGHVDUUROODGDVPiVUHFLHQWHPHQWHFRPRODHFRQRPtD
ODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQODVRFLRORJtDODDQWURSRORJtD\ODSVLFRORJtD
7DPELpQLQYHVWLJDGRUHVQDFLRQDOHV\H[WUDQMHURVSODQWHDQFUtWLFDVDOD
RUJDQL]DFLyQSRUDVLJQDWXUDVGHVGHODSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUODH[SHULHQFLD\ORV
LQWHUHVHVGHORVDOXPQRV(QODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDKD\ODXUJHQFLDGHSODQWHDU
SURJUDPDVPiVDWUDFWLYRVSDUDFDSDVVRFLDOHVPiVDPSOLDV\KHWHURJpQHDVOD
QHFHVLGDGGHVXSHUDUXQDFDGHPLFLVPRHVWUHFKRIXHQWHGHDSUHQGL]DMHVGHHVFDVR
VLJQLFDGRSDUDTXLHQORVUHFLEHODXUJHQFLDGHORJUDUXQDPD\RUUHODFLyQHQWUH
FRQRFLPLHQWRVGHiUHDVGLYHUVDVHWFVRQSUREOHPDVTXHLPSOLFDQFRQFHSFLRQHV
GHOFXUULFXOXPUHODFLRQDGDVFRQXQDPD\RURPHQRUSUHSRQGHUDQFLDGHODOyJLFD
GHORVFRQWHQLGRVVREUHODGHFLVLyQGHOFXUUtFXOR*LPHQRS
6HSULRUL]DHODFDGHPLFLVPROLJDGRDOVDEHUHVSHFLDOL]DGRGHODVGLVFLSOLQDV
UHOHJDQGRHQEXHQDPHGLGDODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHOVDEHUFRWLGLDQRODVH[SHFWDWLYDV
\ORVLQWHUHVHVGHORVDOXPQRV(OQLYHOGHSHUWLQHQFLDGHOFXUULFXOXPHVEDMR
VREUHWRGRFRQUHODFLyQDODGHQLFLyQGHODVHFXQGDULDFRPRSDUWHGHOD
HGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
(OKHFKRGHTXHVHHVWDEOH]FDXQDHVWUXFWXUDSRUDVLJQDWXUDVLPSOLFDTXH
QHFHVDULDPHQWHODVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]DHQFDGDHVFXHODVHKDUiQFRQIRUPHD
HVWDHVWUXFWXUDDFDGpPLFDFRQVXVHIHFWRVVREUHWRGDODYLGDHVFRODUVHOHFFLyQ
\RUJDQL]DFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVGLVWULEXFLyQGHWLHPSRVDVLJQDFLyQGHPDHVWURV
DODVPDWHULDVOLEURVGHWH[WRHYDOXDFLRQHVHWF
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
2WUDGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVHVVXIUDJPHQWDFLyQ(VWDHV
GHWHUPLQDQWHHQODGLVWULEXFLyQGHOWLHPSR\HOHVIXHU]RGHORVPDHVWURV1RHV
UDURTXHXQPDHVWURTXHLPSDUWHXQDDVLJQDWXUDGHWUHVKRUDVSRUVHPDQDWHQJD
TXHDWHQGHUDJUXSRV\DOXPQRVSDUDFXEULUVXVKRUDVGHQRPEUDPLHQWR
HQDOJXQDVRFDVLRQHVHQYDULDVHVFXHODV(VWRLPSOLFDODLPSRVLELOLGDGGHXQD
DWHQFLyQPiVSHUVRQDOL]DGDDFDGDJUXSR\DFDGDHVWXGLDQWH
/DIUDJPHQWDFLyQFXUULFXODUWDPELpQWLHQHVXVHIHFWRVVREUHHOHVIXHU]R\
ODH[SHULHQFLDHVFRODUGHORVDOXPQRV(OKHFKRGHHQIUHQWDURQFHDVLJQDWXUDV
\RQFHPDHVWURVSRUJUDGRHVFRODURULJLQDXQDGLVSHUVLyQGHODDWHQFLyQ\XQD
FDQDOL]DFLyQGHOHVIXHU]RHQWpUPLQRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDGDSWDWLYRV
2WUDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHODHVWUXFWXUDFXUULFXODUTXHFRQGLFLRQDODVSUiFWLFDV
GHHQVHxDQ]DHVHOJUDGRGHH[LELOLGDGSDUDUHVSRQGHUDODKHWHURJHQHLGDG
GHH[SHFWDWLYDVHLQWHUHVHVGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV&DULRODHWDOXELFDQ
HVWHSUREOHPDHQWpUPLQRVGHODFRPSDUDFLyQHQWUHORTXHFRQFHSWXDOL]DQ
FRPRGLVHxRVFXUULFXODUHVDELHUWRV YVORVGLVHxRVFXUULFXODUHVFHUUDGRV
XQLIRUPHVFHQWUDOL]DGRV/DRULHQWDFLyQHQXQVHQWLGRRHQRWURGHSHQGH
GHODSULRULGDGTXHORVJRELHUQRVRWRUJXHQDFDGDXQRGHORVGRVVLJXLHQWHV
REMHWLYRV$VHJXUDUHVWiQGDUHVHGXFDWLYRVQDFLRQDOHVTXHFRQFUHWL]DQODLGHD
GHSURSRUFLRQDULJXDOGDGGHRSRUWXQLGDGHV\GHDVHJXUDUXQPtQLPRFRP~Q
GHDSUHQGL]DMH\3HUPLWLUTXHHQHOFXUULFXOXPVHYHDQUHHMDGRVHQDOJXQD
PHGLGDORVFRQWH[WRVQHFHVLGDGHVFRQGLFLRQHV\PHWDVHGXFDWLYDVGHFDGD
FRPXQLGDGUHJLRQDORLQVWLWXFLRQDO&DULRODHWDOS
(QHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVTXHVHDQDOL]DVHRWRUJDSULRULGDGDOSULPHURGH
HVWRVREMHWLYRV7DQWRHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVFRPRORVSURJUDPDVGHPDWHULDVRQ
~QLFRV\REOLJDWRULRVDQLYHOQDFLRQDO(O~QLFRLQWHUVWLFLRHVTXHHQWHUFHU
JUDGRVHORFDOL]DXQHVSDFLRRSWDWLYRTXHGHEHVHUOOHQDGRSRUFDGDHQWLGDG
IHGHUDWLYDFRQFRQWHQLGRVUHODWLYRVDODHQWLGDG
(VWHSUREOHPDWDPELpQVHKDGHEDWLGRHQWpUPLQRVGHORTXHVLJQLFD
SDUDODSURIHVLRQDOLGDGGHORVPDHVWURV*LPHQRORLGHQWLFDDWUDYpVGHOR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
TXHOODPDHOFyGLJRGHVHSDUDFLyQGHIXQFLRQHV6HSDUDUGLVHxRGHSUiFWLFD
GLVHxRFXUULFXODUGHHMHFXFLyQLPSOLFDVXVWUDHUDORVSURIHVRUHVODVGHVWUH]DV
UHODFLRQDGDVFRQODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHRUJDQL]DUORVFRPSRQHQWHVFXUULFXODUHV
GHMiQGROHVHQHOSDSHOGHHMHFXWRUHVGHXQDSUiFWLFDTXHHOORVQRRUJDQL]DQ
/RTXHPiVWDUGHVHWUDGXFLUiHQFLHUWDLQFDSDFLGDGSDUDTXHGHVDUUROOHQ
GLVHxRVUHDOL]DGRVIXHUDGHVXiPELWR*LPHQRS
&RQUHODFLyQDHVWHSODQWHDPLHQWRHOKHFKRGHTXHVHDXQSODQGH
HVWXGLRVQDFLRQDOFDVLVLQHVSDFLRVGHRSWDWLYLGDGOLPLWDODVSRVLELOLGDGHV
GHFRQVWUXFFLyQFXUULFXODUHQORViPELWRVPiVFHUFDQRVDODVSUiFWLFDVGH
HQVHxDQ]DHVFXHODVGLUHFWRUHV\PDHVWURV
$OJXQRVDXWRUHVVHxDODQTXHODH[LELOLGDGGHOQLYHOPHGLRUHHUHD
VXFDSDFLGDGSDUDDGDSWDUVHDORVLQWHUHVHV\QHFHVLGDGHVHVSHFtFRVGHORV
DOXPQRV6HxDODQTXHXQGLVHxRWLHQGHDVHUH[LEOHHQODPHGLGDTXHVH
HVWUXFWXUDSDUDUHVSRQGHUDODVGLVWLQWDVQHFHVLGDGHVLQWHUHVHV\FDSDFLGDGHV
GHORVDOXPQRV9DOHGHFLUHQODPHGLGDTXHQRVyORFRQVLGHUDPRGDOLGDGHV
GLVWLQWDVVLQRTXHORVSODQHVSURSRUFLRQDQFLHUWRVPiUJHQHVGHRSFLRQDOLGDG
GHDFXHUGRDDSWLWXGHVHLQWHUHVHVDGHPiVGHFRQVLGHUDUGLIHUHQWHVDOWHUQDWLYDV
GHMRUQDGDV\QLYHOHVGHSURIXQGL]DFLyQ&DULRODHWDOS7DPELpQ
%UDVODYVN\VHxDODODLPSRUWDQFLDGHTXHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDVH
DFHUTXHDODVKHWHURJpQHDVFXOWXUDVMXYHQLOHV(QXQHVWXGLRVREUHODHVFXHOD
FRPRHVSDFLRGHYLGDMXYHQLOHQODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRU*XHUUHUR
FRLQFLGHFRQHVWHDUJXPHQWR
(OSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHQRWRPDHQFRQVLGHUDFLyQHVDKHWHURJHQHLGDG
GHLQWHUHVHVH[SHFWDWLYDV\FXOWXUDVMXYHQLOHVGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV6HWUDWD
GHXQSODQGHHVWXGLRVQDFLRQDO~QLFRTXHLPSOLFDTXHWRGRVORVDOXPQRVGH
WRGDVODVHVFXHODVGHOSDtVWLHQHQTXHHVWXGLDUODVPLVPDVDVLJQDWXUDV\ORV
PLVPRVFRQWHQLGRVHQFDGDDVLJQDWXUD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
(QIRTXHVRULHQWDFLRQHVGLGiFWLFDV\HYDOXDWLYDVGHORVSURJUDPDV
GHHVWXGLR
(VWRVUXEURVDSDUHFHQHQORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR6(3E\FRQ
XQPD\RUGHVDUUROORHQORVOLEURVSDUDHOPDHVWUR6(3DEF
G(QHVWHDSDUWDGR\HQORVTXHVLJXHQGDGDODFDQWLGDGGHGRFXPHQWRV
\PDWHULDOHVVXVFHSWLEOHVGHUHYLVDUHODQiOLVLVVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHDOJXQDV
PXHVWUDVHMHPSODUHV7LHQHXQFDUiFWHUPiVHMHPSOLFDWLYRTXHH[KDXVWLYR
\SUHWHQGHLQGLFDUODVWHQGHQFLDVHQWpUPLQRVGHODFRQWLQXLGDGRUXSWXUDTXH
H[LVWHHQWUHODVGLIHUHQWHVIDVHVGHOSURFHVRFXUULFXODU
(QORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRHOHQIRTXHVHSODVPDFRPRHOFRQMXQWR
GHSURSyVLWRVGHFDGDDVLJQDWXUD6HSXHGHGHFLUTXHHQWRGRVORVFDVRVORV
HQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]DUHSUHVHQWDQXQDYDQFHFRQUHODFLyQDORVSURJUDPDV
DQWHULRUHV\DTXHVHVHOHFFLRQDURQDTXHOORVHQIRTXHVTXHHQHVHPRPHQWR
WHQtDQFRQVHQVRHQHOGHVDUUROORGLGiFWLFRLQWHUQDFLRQDOWDOHVVRQORVFDVRV
GHOHQIRTXHFRPXQLFDWLYR\IXQFLRQDOHQODHQVHxDQ]DGHOD/HQJXDGHO
HQIRTXHGHFXOWXUDFLHQWtFDEiVLFDHQ%LRORJtDRGHOHQIRTXHGHUHVROXFLyQ
GHSUREOHPDVHQ0DWHPiWLFD
/DVRULHQWDFLRQHVGLGiFWLFDVTXHDSDUHFHQHQORVSURJUDPDV\FRQ
PD\RUGHVDUUROORHQORVOLEURVSDUDHOPDHVWURVRQHQWpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHV
FRKHUHQWHVFRQORVHQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]DSURSXHVWRV1RVXFHGHORPLVPR
FRQ OD FRQFUHFLyQ GLGiFWLFD TXH VH SUHVHQWD HQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV IDVHV GHO
SURFHVRFXUULFXODU&RPRVHYHUiPiVDGHODQWHH[LVWHQFRQWUDGLFFLRQHV
HQWUHORVHQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]DSURSXHVWRV\VXFRQFUHFLyQHQODVHOHFFLyQ
GHFRQWHQLGRV\ORVOLEURVGHWH[WR
(VQHFHVDULRHQIDWL]DUTXHORVHQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]D\ODVRULHQWDFLRQHV
VREUHHYDOXDFLyQVRQODSDUWHPiVFRQVLVWHQWH\YDOLRVDGHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODU
GH(OSUREOHPDIXHODFDUHQFLDGHFRQWLQXLGDGHQODVVLJXLHQWHVIDVHV
GHOSURFHVR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
6HOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVHQORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR
(QVXHVWXGLRVREUHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD4XLUR]VHxDODTXH
HQWUHHOHQIRTXH\ODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVGHORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRVH
HQFXHQWUDXQRGHORVSULQFLSDOHVSUREOHPDVGHOSURFHVRFXUULFXODU/DLGHD
UHFWRUDGHVXDQiOLVLVHVTXHFXDQGRVHSUHVHQWDQGLVFRQWLQXLGDGHVHQWUHHO
HQIRTXH\ODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVVHUipVWD~OWLPDODTXHWHQGUiHOSHVR
FRQGLFLRQDQWHVREUHODVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D
0HGLDQWHWUHVHMHPSORVHODXWRUPXHVWUDODVFRQWUDGLFFLRQHVHQWUHORV
HQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]D\ODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVHQ+LVWRULD(VSDxRO\
0DWHPiWLFD
(QHOFDVRGH+LVWRULDLQGLFDFRPRODH[WHQVLyQ\HOQLYHOGHGHWDOOHGH
ODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVGHOSURJUDPDFRQWUDGLFHODLQWHQFLyQGHOHQIRTXH
HQWpUPLQRVGHODVHOHFWLYLGDGGHORVWHPDV\GHOSURSyVLWRGHVXSULPLU
ODPHPRUL]DFLyQGHGDWRVTXHQRWLHQHQXQFDUiFWHUIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDOD
FRPSUHQVLyQGHOSURFHVRKLVWyULFR$QWLFLSDDGHPiVFRPRHVWDFRQWUDGLFFLyQ
VHSURIXQGL]DFRQHOHQFLFORSHGLVPRGHODPD\RUtDGHORVOLEURVGHWH[WR
H[LVWHQWHVHQHOPHUFDGR4XLUR]
(QORVQXHYRVSURJUDPDVGHHVSDxROVHSURSRQHXQHQIRTXHFRPXQLFDWLYR
\IXQFLRQDO(QHOOLEURSDUDHOPDHVWURVHVHxDODTXHHOSDUiPHWURSDUDOD
HYDOXDFLyQGHEHVHUODHFDFLDFRPXQLFDWLYDODFDSDFLGDGORJUDGDHQOR
LQGLYLGXDOSDUDVHUYLUVHGHODOHQJXDRUDO\HVFULWDHQFXDOTXLHUFLUFXQVWDQFLD
6(3DS7DPELpQVHVHxDODTXHODWDUHDGHOPDHVWURQRHV
SURSRUFLRQDUDORVDOXPQRVXQDFDQWLGDGGHLQIRUPDFLyQDFHUFDGHOOHQJXDMH
VLQRSURSLFLDUTXHFDGDXQRGHVDUUROOHVXFDSDFLGDGSDUDXVDUORHQWRGD
FLUFXQVWDQFLD3RUORWDQWRHOSURSyVLWRGHODHYDOXDFLyQQRHVPHGLUOD
FDQWLGDGGHLQIRUPDFLyQTXHORVDOXPQRVGRPLQDQUHVSHFWRGHODOHQJXD
VLQRYHULFDUTXHVHDQFDSDFHVGHFRPXQLFDUVHGHPDQHUDRUDO\HVFULWD
6(3DS
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
(OWH[WRDQWHULRUUHHMDODSUHRFXSDFLyQGHORVDXWRUHVSDUDFRQWUDUUHVWDU
XQDSUiFWLFDUHLWHUDGDGHORVPDHVWURVGH(VSDxROTXHDSDUHFHQGHVFULWDVHQ
ODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGH+HUQiQGH]5HHUHDOpQIDVLVTXHORVPDHVWURV
GH(VSDxROSRQHQHQHOWUDEDMRFRQODVUHJODVJUDPDWLFDOHVHQWpUPLQRVGH
PHPRUL]DFLyQ\DSOLFDFLyQGHOUHFHWDULR
4XLUR]LQGLFDTXHODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVGHOSURJUDPDHQIDWL]D
HQORVWHPDVJUDPDWLFDOHVTXHDGHPiVVHSUHVHQWDQFRPRWHPDVHQVt
(OFDVRGHORVQXHYRVSURJUDPDVGH0DWHPiWLFDHVVLPLODU6HSURSRQH
FRPRHQIRTXHODUHVROXFLyQGHSUREOHPDV(QHOOLEURSDUDHOPDHVWURVH
VLQWHWL]DGLFLHQGRTXHXQDSUHQGL]DMHVLJQLFDWLYRGHODV0DWHPiWLFDQR
SXHGHUHGXFLUVHDODPHPRUL]DFLyQGHKHFKRVGHQLFLRQHV\WHRUHPDVQL
WDPSRFRDODDSOLFDFLyQPHFiQLFDGHFLHUWDVWpFQLFDV\SURFHGLPLHQWRV3RU
HOFRQWUDULRHVQHFHVDULRTXHORVDOXPQRVDSUHQGDQDSODQWHDUVH\UHVROYHU
SUREOHPDVHQVLWXDFLRQHVTXHWHQJDQVHQWLGRSDUDHOORV\OHVSHUPLWDQJHQHUDU
\FRPXQLFDUFRQMHWXUDV6(3ES
$TXtWDPELpQORVDXWRUHVPXHVWUDQVXSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUXQDWHQGHQFLDHQ
ODHQVHxDQ]DGH0DWHPiWLFDHQODVHFXQGDULD'tD]HQXQDLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
VREUHHVWUDWHJLDVGHHQVHxDQ]DHQODVHFXQGDULDVHxDODTXHODUHVROXFLyQGH
HMHUFLFLRVHVODIRUPDPiVXWLOL]DGDSRUORVPDHVWURVSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGHODV
PDWHPiWLFDV/DHQVHxDQ]DTXHGDUHGXFLGDDODDSOLFDFLyQGHDOJ~QFRQFHSWR
SULQFLSLRRDOJRULWPRDFDVRVHVSHFtFRV
(QODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVGHORVSURJUDPDVGH0DWHPiWLFDKD\XQ
SUHGRPLQLRGHODOyJLFDGHODGLVFLSOLQDSRUHQFLPDGHODOyJLFDGHOVDEHU
FRWLGLDQRGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV9DOHSUHJXQWDUVLFRQWHQLGRVFRPRHFXDFLRQHV
FXDGUiWLFDVSURGXFWRVQRWDEOHVRWULJRQRPHWUtDVRQFRPSDWLEOHVFRQHOHQIRTXH
GHTXHORVDOXPQRVDSUHQGDQDSODQWHDUVH\UHVROYHUSUREOHPDVHQVLWXDFLRQHV
TXHWHQJDQVHQWLGRSDUDHOORV\OHVSHUPLWDQJHQHUDU\FRPXQLFDUFRQMHWXUDV
6(3ES(QWRGRFDVRWHQGUtDTXHSODQWHDUVHFRPRSUREOHPiWLFR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
VLFRQWHQLGRVFRPRORVHQXQFLDGRVSXHGHQFRUUHVSRQGHUDVLWXDFLRQHVTXH
WHQJDQVHQWLGRSDUDORVDGROHVFHQWHVRVLPiVELHQHVWDtQGROHGHFRQFHSWRV
VyORHQFXHQWUDQVHQWLGRVHQPXQGRVHVSHFLDOL]DGRV$FWXDUtD,QJHQLHUtDHWF
DOHMDGRVGHODYLGDFRWLGLDQDGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV$~QSHQVDQGRHQVXYLGD
IXWXUDHVSUREDEOHTXHHVRVFRQWHQLGRVVyORFREUHQVHQWLGRSDUDODPLQRUtD
TXHVHXELTXHHQHVRVPXQGRVHVSHFLDOL]DGRV
/RVHMHPSORVGHODVWUHVDVLJQDWXUDVDQDOL]DGDVDSXQWDUtDQDODWHVLVGH
TXHODFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQWUHODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVFRQHOHQIRTXHGH
HQVHxDQ]DSURSXHVWRHVSUREOHPiWLFDHQWpUPLQRVGHTXHQRH[LVWHHQOD
PD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVXQDFRQWLQXLGDGOyJLFDHYLGHQWH
6LVHUHYLVDQORVHQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]DSURSXHVWRVVHSXHGHQLGHQWLFDUXQ
FRQMXQWRGHUDVJRVFRPXQHVTXHSXHGHQVHU~WLOHVSDUDXELFDUDOJXQRVSUREOHPDV
GHODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRV8QUDVJRFRP~QGHWRGRVORVHQIRTXHVHVTXH
WRGRVHQIDWL]DQHQHOGHVDUUROORGHFLHUWDVFRPSHWHQFLDVLQWHOHFWXDOHVUHVROXFLyQ
GHSUREOHPDVFRPSHWHQFLDFRPXQLFDWLYDTXHWHQGUtDQFRPRIXQGDPHQWROD
FRPSUHQVLyQGHORVSURFHVRVDSDUWLUGHODLQIRUPDFLyQQHFHVDULDSDUDHVH
Q6HEXVFDHYLWDUODVDWXUDFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQHQFLFORSHGLVPRTXHVyOR
HVWRUEDSDUDODFRPSUHQVLyQ&RQUHODFLyQDHVWHUDVJRFRP~QGHORVHQIRTXHV
VHSUHVHQWDXQSUREOHPDWDPELpQFRP~QGHODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRV(Q
ODPD\RUtDGHODVDVLJQDWXUDVODVDWXUDFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVTXHHQHOFDVRGH
KLVWRULDHVHQFLFORSHGLVPRDJUDQWHVHRSRQHDOGHVDUUROORGHODVFRPSHWHQFLDV
LQWHOHFWXDOHVTXHWHQGUtDQFRPRIXQGDPHQWRODFRPSUHQVLyQ(VWDVDWXUDFLyQ
GHWHPDVGHDOJXQRVSURJUDPDVKDFHTXHHQORVVDORQHVGHFODVHH[LVWDXQ
SUHGRPLQLRGHODOyJLFDGHODPHPRULD
(QVHJXQGROXJDUHQWRGRVORVHQIRTXHVVHHQIDWL]DHQODQHFHVLGDGGH
DUWLFXODUODHQVHxDQ]DFRQORVLQWHUHVHV\ODYLGDFRWLGLDQDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
(OORVHSXHGHORJUDUVLHQODVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVVHKDFHODGLVWLQFLyQHQWUH
HOOHQJXDMHEiVLFR\ORVVDEHUHVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVVyORSHUWLQHQWHVHQiPELWRV
HVSHFLDOL]DGRVGHFDGDXQDGHODVGLVFLSOLQDV(VWRVOHQJXDMHVEiVLFRVJH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
QHUDOPHQWHVRQIXQFLRQDOHVDP~OWLSOHVVHFWRUHVQRHVSHFLDOL]DGRVGHODYLGD
FRWLGLDQD/DVHFXQGDULDFRPRSDUWHGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDWHQGUtDTXHDWHQGHU
DODSUHPLVDGHVHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVSODQWHDGDSRUXQRGHORVSLRQHURVGHOR
FXUULFXODUKDFHFLQFXHQWD\FLQFRDxRV&yPRSXHGHFRQWULEXLUVXDVLJQDWXUD
DODHGXFDFLyQGHODMXYHQWXGTXHQRVHHVSHFLDOL]DUiHQHVHFDPSR"7\OHU
S6LVHDWLHQGHHVWDSUHPLVDVHYXHOYHLQGLVSHQVDEOHTXHODVHOHFFLyQ
GHFRQWHQLGRVDWLHQGDDODVQHFHVLGDGHVHLQWHUHVHVGHODYLGDFRWLGLDQDGHORV
HVWXGLDQWHV\QRVyORDODOyJLFDGHODVGLVFLSOLQDV
6LVHUHYLVDQORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRGHODVGLIHUHQWHVDVLJQDWXUDVHV
HYLGHQWHTXHHQPXFKRVFDVRVQRVHFRQVLGHUyODGLVWLQFLyQHQWUHOHQJXDMHV
EiVLFRV\VDEHUHVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVGHFDGDXQDGHODVGLVFLSOLQDV/DVHOHFFLyQ
GHFRQWHQLGRVGHODPD\RUtDGHODVDVLJQDWXUDVHQIDWL]DHQODOyJLFDGHOVDEHU
HVSHFLDOL]DGRGHODVGLVFLSOLQDV\UHOHJDODOyJLFDGHOVDEHUFRWLGLDQRGHORV
HVWXGLDQWHV
(QXQHVWXGLRGH4XLUR]VHDQDOL]DHOWLSRGHSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D
TXHVHJHQHUDQFXDQGRVHFRQMXJDQHODOWRJUDGRGHHVSHFLDOL]DFLyQGHDOJXQRV
FRQWHQLGRVFRQODLGHQWLFDFLyQTXHHOPDHVWURWLHQHFRQVXGLVFLSOLQD/R
DQWHULRUGHYLHQHXQDVREUHYDORUDFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRVGHFDGDPDWHULD
TXHQRHVFRPSDUWLGDSRUORVDOXPQRVSHURTXHRULJLQDTXHORVPLVPRV
IUHFXHQWHPHQWHVHDSURSLHQGHODOyJLFDGHODDFWLYLGDGHQORLQPHGLDWR
DXQTXHHOORQRVLJQLTXHQHFHVDULDPHQWHXQDSUHQGL]DMHVLJQLFDWLYRGHORV
FRQWHQLGRVHVFRODUHV4XLUR]
/LEURVGHWH[WR
(QYDULRVWUDEDMRVVHKDGRFXPHQWDGRODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHWLHQHQORVOLEURV
GHWH[WRHQODVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]DHQODVHFXQGDULD4XLUR]'tD]
)DOFyQHWDO&DQHGR6HSXHGHDVHJXUDUTXHODPD\RUtD
GHORVPDHVWURVUHFXUUHSRFRDORVSURJUDPDV\HQFDPELRXQOLEURGHWH[WR
HVWiSUHVHQWHWRGRVORVGtDVHQVXSODQHDFLyQ\HQHODXOD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/RVOLEURVIXQFLRQDQFRPRRUJDQL]DGRUHVGHODHQVHxDQ]DHQP~OWLSOHV
SODQRV VHOHFFLRQDQ \ RUJDQL]DQ FRQWHQLGRV HVWDEOHFHQ DFWLYLGDGHV GH
HQVHxDQ]DFRQRULHQWDFLRQHVGLGiFWLFDVFRQFUHWDV\SUHVHQWDQLQVWUXPHQWRV
SDUDODHYDOXDFLyQ
$ORDQWHULRUKDEUtDTXHDJUHJDUORTXHORVOLEURVGHWH[WRVLJQLFDQHQOD
FRQVWLWXFLyQGHORVVDEHUHVGHORVPDHVWURV&DQHGR/DDXWRUDVHxDOD
VREUHODEDVHGHXQHVWXGLRHWQRJUiFRTXHXQDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVIXHQWHVGH
FRQVWLWXFLyQGHORVVDEHUHV\FRQFHSFLRQHVGHORVPDHVWURVVRQORVOLEURVGH
WH[WRTXHXWLOL]DQFRQVXVDOXPQRV
+D\TXHUHFRUGDUTXHEXHQDSDUWHGHORVPDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULDQR
KDQVLGRIRUPDGRVSDUDODHQVHxDQ]D&DVLVLHPSUHODSULPHUDJXtDSDUDVX
ODERUHQHODXODHVDOJ~QOLEURGHWH[WRJHQHUDOPHQWHUHFRPHQGDGRSRURWUR
PDHVWUR'HVSXpVGHVXVSULPHURVFRQWDFWRVFRQDOJXQRVOLEURVGHWH[WRORV
PDHVWURVVHOHFFLRQDQORVTXHVRQPiVFHUFDQRVDODVIRUPDVGHHQVHxDQ]D
GHVXSUHIHUHQFLD
1R HV SRVLEOH KDFHU DTXt XQD DQiOLVLV GH WRGRV ORV OLEURV GH WH[WR
FRPHUFLDOHVSHURYDOHODSHQDKDFHUDOJXQDVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHV\SUHVHQWDU
DOJXQDPXHVWUD
0D\RUJDUHDOL]yXQHVWXGLRTXHDQDOL]DORVHQIRTXHVLPSOtFLWRV
GHFLQFROLEURVGHWH[WRGH+LVWRULDSDUDVHFXQGDULD8QDGHODVFRQFOXVLRQHV
FHQWUDOHVGHHVWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQHVTXHFRPRWHQGHQFLDH[LVWHXQDGLVWDQFLD
LPSRUWDQWHHQWUHHOHQIRTXHGHHQVHxDQ]DH[SOLFLWDGRHQORVSURJUDPDVRFLDOHV
\HOHQIRTXHLPSOtFLWRGHORVOLEURVGHWH[WR
(Q0DWHPiWLFDWDPELpQKD\UXSWXUDVHQWUHHOHQIRTXHSURSXHVWR\DOJXQRV
GHORVOLEURVGHWH[WRPDVXVDGRV8QHMHPSORHVXQOLEURGH0DWHPiWLFDGH
WHUFHUJUDGR&DVWUHMyQ\*DUFtDFX\RWLUDMHIXHGHPLOHMHPSODUHV
3DUDWUDEDMDUODPD\RUtDGHORVWHPDVHQHVWHOLEURVHVLJXHODOyJLFDGH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
H[SOLFLWDUHODOJRULWPR\HMHPSOLFDUFRQXQFDVRHQTXHVHPXHVWUDQORVSDVRV
VHFXHQFLDOHVSDUDUHVROYHUOR+D\XQDHYLGHQWHFRQWUDGLFFLyQHQWUHHOHQIRTXH
GHUHVROXFLyQGHSUREOHPDVSURSXHVWRSRUHOSURJUDPD\ODVDFWLYLGDGHVGH
HQVHxDQ]DGHHVWHOLEUR
(VWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOSURFHVRFXUULFXODUFRPSOHPHQWDGDVFRQODV
FRQGLFLRQHVPDWHULDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVGHODVHVFXHODV\ORVVDEHUHV\FRQFHS
FLRQHVGHORVPDHVWURVJHQHUDQWHQGHQFLDVHQODVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D
$OJXQRVHVWXGLRV4XLUR]'tD]&DQHGRPXHVWUDQ
DOJXQDVGHHVWDVWHQGHQFLDV8QDGHHOODVHVHOSUHGRPLQLRGHODOyJLFDGHOD
DFWLYLGDGVREUHODFRPSUHQVLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRVDFDGpPLFRV(VWDWHQGHQFLD
VHSUHVHQWDIUHFXHQWHPHQWHFRQORVFRQWHQLGRVTXHWLHQHQODFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGH
VHFXHQFLDOLGDG7UDEDMDUFRQp[LWRHVWRVFRQWHQLGRVLPSOLFDFRQRFHUODVHFXHQFLD
\UHVROYHUFRUUHFWDPHQWHFDGDXQRGHORVSDVRV(VIUHFXHQWHTXHORVDOXPQRV
VLJDQFRQp[LWRODVVHFXHQFLDVVLQTXHHOORVLJQLTXHXQDFRPSUHQVLyQGHO
VHQWLGRGHOFRQWHQLGRQLXQDDSURSLDFLyQGXUDGHUDGHOPLVPR/RVHMHPSORV
PiVWtSLFRVGHHVWDWHQGHQFLDDSDUHFHQHQ0DWHPiWLFD
2WUDGHODVWHQGHQFLDVHVHOSUHGRPLQLRGHODOyJLFDGHODPHPRULD
(VWDVHSUHVHQWDFRQIUHFXHQFLDHQODVDVLJQDWXUDVGHHVWXGLRVVRFLDOHV\
HVWiDVRFLDGDDDOJXQDVHVWUDWHJLDVGHHQVHxDQ]DFRPRORVFXHVWLRQDULRV
RORVLQWHUURJDWRULRVRUDOHVGHUHVSXHVWDVFHUUDGDV(QHVWRVFDVRVVHWUDWD
GHODHYRFDFLyQGHGDWRVXQtYRFRVRGHODUHSHWLFLyQGHODWH[WXDOLGDGGH
DOJ~QOLEUR6HDVRFLDIUHFXHQWHPHQWHFRQODDVLJQDFLyQGHFDOLFDFLRQHV
(QWpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHVORVHVWXGLDQWHVWLHQHQp[LWRHQHVWDGLQiPLFDSHUR
HOORQRVLJQLFDXQDDSURSLDFLyQGXUDGHUDQLXQDFRPSUHQVLyQGHOVHQWLGR
SURIXQGRGHOFRQWHQLGRDFDGpPLFR
(VWDVWHQGHQFLDVGHODHQVHxDQ]DFRQVWLWX\HQFRQGLFLRQHVGHSRVLELOLGDG
SRFRIDYRUDEOHVSDUDHODSUHQGL]DMHVLJQLFDWLYR\GXUDGHURGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
4XLUR]
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(OUHWRGHODQXHYDUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUHVWiHQKDFHUSURSXHVWDVFRKH
UHQWHVSDUDTXHH[LVWDXQDFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDHQWUHORVHQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]D
H[SOLFLWDGRVHQORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR\ODVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]DTXHVH
UHDOL]DQFRWLGLDQDPHQWHHQODVHVFXHODV
E /DSULPHUDYHUVLyQGHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODU
(ODQiOLVLVTXHVHSUHVHQWDHQHVWDVHFFLyQVHEDVDHQODSUHVHQWDFLyQTXH
HOHTXLSRWpFQLFRUHVSRQVDEOHGHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUUHDOL]yDQWHXQJUXSR
GHLQYHVWLJDGRUHVGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDVHOGH
RFWXEUHGH7DPELpQUHFXSHUDORVFRQWHQLGRVGHXQDHQWUHYLVWD(
UHDOL]DGDDXQRGHORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHHVWHHTXLSRWpFQLFRGHOD6XEVHFUHWDUtD
GH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD\1RUPDO
(QHVWDSUHVHQWDFLyQIXHSRVLEOHFRQRFHUODVSURSXHVWDV\ORVFULWHULRV
JHQHUDOHVGHODSULPHUDYHUVLyQFXUULFXODUGHODQXHYDUHIRUPD\ODVRULHQWDFLRQHV
EiVLFDVGHFDGDXQDGHODVDVLJQDWXUDVGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
(VWDQXHYDSURSXHVWDFXUULFXODULQWHQWDVHUODUHVSXHVWDDOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR
GHODLQVXFLHQFLDGHODUHIRUPDGHTXHDSDUHFHH[SOLFLWDGDHQHO3URJUDPD
1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ
(QVHFXQGDULDVHOOHYyDFDERXQDUHIRUPDTXHUHVXOWyLQVXFLHQWHSDUD
VXSHUDUODIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRV\GHODH[SHULHQFLDHGXFDWLYDGHORV
HVWXGLDQWHVQRVHKDORJUDGRVXVWLWXLUODHVWUXFWXUD\RUJDQL]DFLyQWUDGLFLRQDOGH
ODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULDSRUXQDQXHYDDFRUGHFRQODFRQFHSFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ
EiVLFDSDUDODYLGDQLVHKDORJUDGRPHMRUDUHODPELHQWHIRUPDWLYRSDUDORV
DGROHVFHQWHVHQHVWDHWDSDGHVXGHVDUUROOR6(3DS7DPELpQVH
VHxDODTXHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDD~QPDQWLHQHHOFDUiFWHUHQFLFORSpGLFR
GHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVKHUHGDGRGHVXFDUiFWHURULJLQDOFRPRWUDPRSURSHGpXWLFR
SDUDHOLQJUHVRDODHGXFDFLyQVXSHULRU6(3DS
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
(QFRQVHFXHQFLDVHHVWDEOHFHFRPROtQHDGHDFFLyQGHVDUUROODUXQD
QXHYDSURSXHVWDFXUULFXODUSDUDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDTXHFRQVLGHUHODV
QHFHVLGDGHVGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV\JHQHUHRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHTXH
SHUPLWDQHOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHODVKDELOLGDGHVEiVLFDV\VXSHULRUHVQHFHVDULDV
SDUDVHJXLUDSUHQGLHQGRDORODUJRGHODYLGD6(3DS
/DQXHYDSURSXHVWDFXUULFXODUVLQHPEDUJRVHSODQWHDFRPRXQDMXVWHDO
SODQGHHVWXGLRVGH/DRULHQWDFLyQHVHQFLDOHVFRQVHUYDUORVHOHPHQWRV
SRVLWLYRVGHHVHSODQSHURDOPLVPRWLHPSRDVXPLUODVFUtWLFDVIXQGDGDVTXH
VHKDQUHDOL]DGRDOPLVPR
&RQUHVSHFWRDORVSURSyVLWRVJHQHUDOHVODSURSXHVWDFRQWHPSODHQIDWL]DUHQ
HOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVSDUDODYLGDPHGLDQWHXQDPHMRUFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ
GHODVFRPSHWHQFLDVLQWHOHFWXDOHVTXHFRUUHVSRQGHGHVDUUROODUHQHOWUDPR
VHFXQGDULRGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDHQXELFDUORVFRQFHSWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGH
FDGDGLVFLSOLQDFRPRDUWLFXODGRUHVGHODHQVHxDQ]DHQDVHJXUDUODUHOHYDQFLD
\SHUWLQHQFLDGHORVFRQWHQLGRV\TXL]iORPiVLPSRUWDQWHHQSURSRQHUDO
FXUULFXOXPFRPRGLVSRVLWLYRGHFDPELRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQHVFRODU
3DUDFXPSOLUFRQHVWRVSURSyVLWRVHQHVWDQXHYDYHUVLyQGHOSODQGH
HVWXGLRVVHHVWDEOHFHQXQFRQMXQWRGHFULWHULRV(QSULPHUOXJDUVHSODQWHDGHQLU
XQSHUOGHHJUHVRGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDFRPRSXQWRGHSDUWLGDSDUDSODQWHDUOD
DUWLFXODFLyQGHORVQLYHOHVSUHHVFRODUSULPDULD\VHFXQGDULDODVPRGDOLGDGHV
\ODVGLVFLSOLQDV2WURFULWHULREiVLFRFRQVLVWHHQSODQWHDUORVSURJUDPDVFRQ
PD\RUSURIXQGLGDG\PHQRUH[WHQVLyQ6HHQIDWL]DHQFRQVLGHUDUODUHDOLGDG
KHWHURJpQHDGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV6HSURSRQHODLQFRUSRUDFLyQWUDQVYHUVDOGH
ODVWHFQRORJtDVGHODLQIRUPiWLFD\ODFRPXQLFDFLyQHQHOWUDEDMRHQHODXOD
ORTXHVLJQLFDTXHWRGDVODVDVLJQDWXUDVSURFXUHQGLFKDLQFRUSRUDFLyQ(O
HQIRTXHPXOWLFXOWXUDOWDPELpQVHUiXQHMHWUDQVYHUVDO\VHGLULJHDWRGDOD
SREODFLyQ3RURWURODGRQRVHSODQWHDHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHPRGDOLGDGHV
HVSHFLDOHVSDUDORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDVSHURVLKD\XQUHFRQRFLPLHQWRFODUR
GHOUROGHODVOHQJXDVLQGtJHQDVHQODVHFXQGDULD)LQDOPHQWHVHUHFRQRFH
ODQHFHVLGDGGHDFWXDOL]DUORVHQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]DGHDFXHUGRFRQORV
UHVXOWDGRVGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHGXFDWLYD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/DHVWUXFWXUDFXUULFXODUGHODQXHYDSURSXHVWDFRQVHUYDODRUJDQL]DFLyQ
SRUDVLJQDWXUDV\SURSRQHXQDYHUVLyQPHQRVIUDJPHQWDGDGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
$XQTXHODYHUVLyQTXHIXHSUHVHQWDGDQRHVODGHQLWLYD\DOJXQDVGHQLFLRQHV
HVWiQHQGXGDHVSRVLEOHLGHQWLFDUORVFDPELRVFRQUHODFLyQDOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
GH$TXtYDOHQWRGRVORVSODQWHDPLHQWRVUHDOL]DGRVHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRU
VREUHORVSUREOHPDVGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQFXUULFXODUSRUDVLJQDWXUDV
&RQUHODFLyQDODVDVLJQDWXUDVGH&LHQFLDV1DWXUDOHVFDGDDVLJQDWXUDVH
LPSDUWLUiHQXQVRORJUDGRFRQFDUJDGHFLQFRKRUDVSRUVHPDQD(VWiGHQLGR
TXH%LRORJtDTXHGDHQSULPHUJUDGR\HVWiHQGXGDFRPRVHXELFDQ)tVLFD\
4XtPLFDHQWUHVHJXQGR\WHUFHUJUDGR
&RQUHODFLyQDODVDVLJQDWXUDVGH&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVVHKDFHDOJRSDUHFLGR
DXQTXHHQPHQRUJUDGR*HRJUDItDVyORVHLPSDUWHHQSULPHUJUDGRFRQFLQFR
KRUDVDODVHPDQD+LVWRULDVHLPSDUWHHQVHJXQGRJUDGRFRQFLQFRKRUDV\
HQWHUFHUJUDGRFRQWUHVKRUDV)RUPDFLyQFtYLFD\pWLFDVHLPSDUWHHQSULPHU
JUDGRFRQWUHVKRUDVHQVHJXQGRFRQGRVKRUDV\HQWHUFHURFRQWUHVKRUDV
&RQUHODFLyQD(GXFDFLyQ$UWtVWLFD(GXFDFLyQWHFQROyJLFD\(GXFDFLyQ
ItVLFDTXHGDQLJXDOTXHHQSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHORTXHVLJQLFDTXHFDGD
XQDVHLPSDUWHHQORVWUHVJUDGRV
&RQHVWRVFDPELRVHOQXHYRSODQGHHVWXGLRVGLVPLQX\HODIUDJPHQWDFLyQ
FRQUHVSHFWRDOGH'HRQFHRGRFHFXUVRVSRUJUDGRTXHKD\HQHO
SODQGHVHSDVDDQXHYHRGLH]SRUJUDGRHQHOSODQGH$GHPiV
VHUHFRPHQGDUiDODVHVFXHODVFRPSDFWDUODVKRUDVGHODVDVLJQDWXUDVSRU
HMHPSORHVWDEOHFHUGRVVHVLRQHVGHFLHQPLQXWRVHQOXJDUGHFXDWURGHFLQFXHQWD
PLQXWRV&RQHVWDPRGLFDFLyQVHORJUDUiTXHHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVVHFRQYLHUWD
HQXQGLVSRVLWLYRGHFDPELRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQHVFRODU\DTXHORVDOXPQRV
WHQGUiQPHQRVGRFHQWHV\ORVGRFHQWHVPHQRVDOXPQRVORTXHVLJQLFD
XQDPHQRUIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHOWLHPSR\GHOHVIXHU]RGHDPERV(VWDHVXQD
FRQGLFLyQIDYRUDEOHSDUDGLVPLQXLUODGLQiPLFDHVHQFLDOPHQWHDGDSWDWLYDGH
ORVHVWXGLDQWHV\WUDEDMDUPiVFRQVLVWHQWHPHQWHHQVXDSUHQGL]DMH(QQXHVWUD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
RSLQLyQHOFDPELRSDUHFHLQVXFLHQWHSHQVDQGRHQODVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHORV
DOXPQRVFUHHPRVTXHQXHYHRGLH]DVLJQDWXUDVSRUJUDGRVLJXHQVLHQGR
GHPDVLDGDV$HOORVHDJUHJDTXHODSURSXHVWDHQVXHVWDGRDFWXDOQRFRQWHPSOD
WLHPSRVSDUDHVSDFLRVFXUULFXODUHVRSWDWLYRV\DFWLYLGDGHVH[WUDFXUULFXODUHV
TXHUHVSRQGDQDODKHWHURJHQHLGDGGHLQWHUHVHVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
&RQUHODFLyQDORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRDXQTXHQRVHGHWDOOyODVHOHFFLyQ
GHFRQWHQLGRVVtVHH[SOLFLWDURQDOJXQDVGHODVRULHQWDFLRQHVEiVLFDVSDUDFDGD
DVLJQDWXUD3RUHMHPSORSDUDHOFDVRGH(VSDxROODRULHQWDFLyQIXQGDPHQWDO
HVRUJDQL]DUODHQVHxDQ]DHQWRUQRDWUHViPELWRVGHSUiFWLFDVVRFLDOHVGH
XVRGHOOHQJXDMHSUiFWLFDVFRQQHVGHHVWXGLRSUiFWLFDVYLQFXODGDVDOD
OLWHUDWXUDSUiFWLFDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQFLXGDGDQD(VWHHVXQSODQWHDPLHQWRGH
DYDQ]DGDGHODGLGiFWLFDGHHVWDDVLJQDWXUDSDUDLQWHQWDUFRKHUHQFLDFRQHO
HQIRTXHFRPXQLFDWLYR\IXQFLRQDO3DUDHOFDVRGH0DWHPiWLFDVHSODQWHDOD
LQWHJUDFLyQGHODHQVHxDQ]DHQWRUQRDOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVLQWHOHFWXDOHV
SDUDSODQWHDU\UHVROYHUSUREOHPDVVLWXDGRV\DOLJXDOTXHHQODSULPDULD
UHDOL]DUORDQWHVGHDFFHGHUDODVIRUPDOL]DFLRQHVPDWHPiWLFDV7DPELpQHVWD
SURSXHVWDHVQRYHGRVDLQWHUHVDQWH\VREUHWRGRFRKHUHQWHFRQODLQWHQFLyQ
GHDUWLFXODUODHQVHxDQ]DDORViPELWRVGHYLGDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV
3DUD&LHQFLDV1DWXUDOHVVHSURSRQHQFLQFRiPELWRVSDUDDUWLFXODUORV
FRQWHQLGRVGHODVWUHVDVLJQDWXUDVYLGDDPELHQWHPDWHULDOHVHQHUJtD\
FRQRFLPLHQWRFLHQWtFR3DUD&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVVHSURSRQHXQDVXSHUDFLyQ
GHOHVWXGLRGHVFULSWLYRGHOD*HRJUDItDDSDUWLUGHXQDRUJDQL]DFLyQGHORV
FRQWHQLGRVHQWRUQRDVLWXDFLRQHVGHUHOHYDQFLDVRFLDOSDUD+LVWRULDFRQVHUYDU
ODSHULRGL]DFLyQKLVWRULRJUiFD\HQXQDYLVLyQJHQHUDOSDUDXQWUDWDPLHQWR
HTXLOLEUDGRGHORVSURFHVRVSROtWLFRVVRFLDOHVHFRQyPLFRV\FXOWXUDOHVSDUD
)RUPDFLyQFtYLFD\pWLFDHQWDQWRTXHORVSURJUDPDVYLJHQWHVIXHURQHODERUDGRV
DSHQDVHQODSURSXHVWDFRQVLVWHHQFRQVHUYDUODVRULHQWDFLRQHVGHHVRV
SURJUDPDV\HQIRUWDOHFHUDOJXQRVGHORVFRQWHQLGRV
&RQUHODFLyQD(GXFDFLyQWHFQROyJLFD(GXFDFLyQItVLFD\$UWHVHOFDPELR
PiVLPSRUWDQWHFRQUHODFLyQDOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHHVTXHVHOHVFRQHUH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HOFDUiFWHUGHDVLJQDWXUDVFRQORTXHVHOHVGRWDGHXQDPD\RUIRUPDOLGDG
VREUHWRGRHQORTXHVHUHHUHDODHYDOXDFLyQ
(VQRWDEOHTXHORVFDPELRVPiVFRQVLVWHQWHVVHXELFDQHQ(VSDxRO\
0DWHPiWLFDFDPSRVHQORVTXHKD\PiVLQYHVWLJDFLyQHLQQRYDFLyQHGXFDWLYD
HQHOSDtV\JUXSRVWpFQLFRVFRQVROLGDGRVHQOD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ
3~EOLFD
1RREVWDQWHORVSURSyVLWRVORVFULWHULRV\ORVHQIRTXHVGHHQVHxDQ]D
GHWRGDVODVDVLJQDWXUDVFRQVWLWX\HQXQVXVWHQWRFRKHUHQWHSDUDUHDOL]DUXQD
VHOHFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRVSHUWLQHQWHDODVQHFHVLGDGHVVRFLDOHVHLQGLYLGXDOHV
SUHVHQWHV\IXWXUDVGHORVDGROHVFHQWHVTXHFXUVDQODVHFXQGDULD'HODIRUPD
HQODTXHVHKD\DUHVXHOWRRVHUHVXHOYDHVWHSURFHVRGHSHQGHUiHQEXHQD
PHGLGDORTXHVXFHGDHQODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVDSDUWLUGHO
(QHVWDQXHYDUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUH[LVWHQPHMRUHVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDOD
HODERUDFLyQ\DXWRUL]DFLyQGHORVOLEURVGHWH[WRTXHHQ(QDTXHOOD
RFDVLyQORVWLHPSRVPX\OLPLWDGRVIXHURQHQSDUWHUHVSRQVDEOHVGHTXHODV
DXWRUL]DFLRQHVGHOD6(3VHUHDOL]DUDQVREUHODEDVHGHUHYLVLRQHVVXSHUFLDOHV
\FRQH[WUHPDSUHPXUD'HDFXHUGRFRQODFKDWpFQLFDGHOD5HIRUPD,QWHJUDO
GHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD6(3DODYHUVLyQFXUULFXODUGHQLWLYD
HVWDUiOLVWDHQHQHURGH/DHODERUDFLyQGHORVOLEURVGHWH[WRHVWi
SURJUDPDGDGHIHEUHURDDJRVWRGHXQODSVRPD\RUSHURD~QFRUWR/D
GLFWDPLQDFLyQGHORVPLVPRVGHVHSWLHPEUHDGLFLHPEUHGH$GHPiVVH
WLHQHFRQWHPSODGRUHDOL]DUHQHQHURGHWDOOHUHVFRQORVDXWRUHVGHOLEURV
GHWH[WR&UHHPRVTXHHVWDUHODFLyQGLUHFWDHQWUHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVGHOD
6(3\ORVDXWRUHVGHOLEURVGHWH[WRSXHGHVHUHOVXVWHQWRSDUDTXHH[LVWDXQD
FRUUHVSRQGHQFLDDGHFXDGDHQWUHORSODQWHDGRHQORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR\
ORVOLEURV2WURDUJXPHQWRSDUDVXSRQHUXQDPHMRUtDHQORVOLEURVHVTXHHQ
ORV~OWLPRVDxRVOD6(3KDHVWDEOHFLGRXQDQRUPDWLYLGDG\XQRVPHFDQLVPRV
GHUHYLVLyQGHORVOLEURVGHWH[WRTXHVHKDQDSOLFDGRFRQFRKHUHQFLDSDUDOD
DSUREDFLyQGHORVPLVPRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
5HVSHFWRDODJHVWLyQOD6(3KDFRRUGLQDGRFRQODVDXWRULGDGHVHGXFDWLYDV
HVWDWDOHV OD HODERUDFLyQ GH GLDJQyVWLFRV HVWDWDOHV VREUH FLQFR DVSHFWRV
RSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVSHUOHVGHORVPDHVWURVJHVWLyQGHODVHVFXHODV
FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV\H[SHULHQFLDVLQQRYDGRUDV(QODPD\RUtD
GHORVHVWDGRVVHKDDYDQ]DGRHQORVWUHVSULPHURVDVSHFWRVQRDVtHQORVGRV
~OWLPRV(VWHSURFHVRVHLQVFULEHHQODLQWHQFLyQGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQLQFOX\HQWH
TXHHVXQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVFHQWUDOHVGHODHVWUDWHJLDGHODUHIRUPDLQWHJUDOGH
ODVHFXQGDULD\SXHGHVHUXQDFRQWULEXFLyQLPSRUWDQWHHQODIRUPDFLyQGHORV
HTXLSRVWpFQLFRVHVWDWDOHV$OPLVPRWLHPSRSHUODXQDGLYLVLyQGHOWUDEDMR
ODVDXWRULGDGHVHVWDWDOHVVRQODVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHODGLPHQVLyQGHODJHVWLyQ
GHODUHIRUPDLQWHJUDO\ODVDXWRULGDGHVIHGHUDOHVGHODFXUULFXODU
(VHYLGHQWHTXHPXFKRVGHORVSODQWHDPLHQWRVTXHVHKDUHDOL]DGRHQ
HVWHDSDUWDGRFRQVWLWX\HQMXLFLRVOyJLFRVDOJXQRVHVSHFXODWLYRVVREUHORTXH
VHJHQHUDUiHQODHQVHxDQ]DFRQODQXHYDSURSXHVWDFXUULFXODU8QDQiOLVLV
HQSURIXQGLGDGGHHVWDQXHYDUHIRUPDFXUULFXODULPSOLFDHOFRQRFLPLHQWR
GHWDOODGRGHSURSyVLWRVHQIRTXHVFRQWHQLGRV\OLEURVGHWH[WR+R\QRVH
FXHQWDFRQHVDLQIRUPDFLyQ\ORVDOFDQFHVGHODQiOLVLVOOHJDQKDVWDORDTXt
SUHVHQWDGR
F 3URJUDPDVLQQRYDGRUHVGHRSHUDFLyQGHOFXUULFXOXP
7HOHVHFXQGDULD
(QHVWDVHFFLyQVHSUHVHQWDXQDEUHYHGHVFULSFLyQGHOPRGHORDFDGpPLFR
GHODWHOHVHFXQGDULDHQWpUPLQRVGHORVHOHPHQWRVTXHORLQWHJUDQ\GHOD
IXQFLyQTXHVHDVLJQDDFDGDXQRHQODSURSXHVWDRFLDO
/DWHOHVHFXQGDULDHVXQDPRGDOLGDGTXHDOLJXDOTXHODVRWUDVRSHUDFRQ
HOFXUUtFXORQDFLRQDOSDUDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD/DFHUWLFDFLyQTXHVH
RWRUJDHVHTXLYDOHQWHDODGHODVRWUDVPRGDOLGDGHV/DVGLIHUHQFLDVHVWULEDQHQ
HOPRGHORDFDGpPLFRHVHQFLDOPHQWHHQORVHOHPHQWRVPHGLDGRUHVHQWUHORV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
FRQWHQLGRVHVFRODUHV\ORVHVWXGLDQWHV(QODVRWUDVPRGDOLGDGHVORVPHGLDGRUHV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVHQWUHORVFRQWHQLGRV\ORVDOXPQRVVRQORVPDHVWURVGHDVLJQDWXUD
\ORVOLEURVGHWH[WR(QODWHOHVHFXQGDULDHQFDPELRORVPHGLDGRUHVVRQ
GLIHUHQWHV\PiVYDULDGRVODVFODVHVWHOHYLVDGDVHOPDHVWUR~QLFRGHJUXSR
HOOLEURGHFRQFHSWRVEiVLFRV\ODVJXtDVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
/DIXQFLyQGHOSURJUDPDGHWHOHYLVLyQHQODSURSXHVWDRFLDOHVGHVDUUROODU
FRQWHQLGRVHGXFDWLYRVPHGLDQWHPHQVDMHVGLQiPLFRVHLQWHUHVDQWHV6(3
D&DGDSURJUDPDGHVDUUROODXQDOHFFLyQVREUHDOJ~QWHPDGHOSURJUDPD
RFLDOGHODDVLJQDWXUDHQWXUQR\WLHQHXQDGXUDFLyQGHTXLQFHPLQXWRV(VWH
WLHPSRHVSRFRPHQRVGHODWHUFHUDSDUWHGHOWLHPSRWRWDOGHODVHVLyQTXHHV
GHFLQFXHQWDPLQXWRV
(QHVWDPRGDOLGDGHVFHQWUDOHOPDHVWUR~QLFRGHJUXSRTXHFRQWUDVWDFRQ
ORVPDHVWURVGHDVLJQDWXUDGHODVRWUDVPRGDOLGDGHVGHVHFXQGDULD6HJ~QOD
SURSXHVWDHQHVWDPRGDOLGDGGHVHFXQGDULDHOPDHVWURFRQGXFHHODSUHQGL]DMH
SHURQRHVODIXHQWHSULQFLSDOGHLQIRUPDFLyQHVWDIXQFLyQFRUUHVSRQGH
IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHDOSURJUDPDWHOHYLVLYR\DORVDSR\RVLPSUHVRVHOSDSHO
GHOPDHVWURHVHOGHPRWLYDURULHQWDUHLPSXOVDUODDFWLYLGDGGHVXVDOXPQRV
KDFLDHOORJURGHSURSyVLWRVHGXFDWLYRVHVWDEOHFLGRV6(3
/DWHOHVHFXQGDULDHQOXJDUGHWUDEDMDUFRQORVOLEURVGHWH[WRGHODV
HGLWRULDOHVFRPHUFLDOHVRSHUDFRQORVOLEURVGHFRQFHSWRVEiVLFRV\ODV
JXtDVGHDSUHQGL]DMHTXHVHSURSRUFLRQDQJUDWXLWDPHQWHHQFDGDHVFXHOD
(VWRVPDWHULDOHVLPSUHVRVFRUUHVSRQGHQDORVFRQWHQLGRVGHORVSURJUDPDV
GHHVWXGLRRFLDOHV\VXHODERUDFLyQHVWiDFDUJRGHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVGH
OD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
/DJXtDGHDSUHQGL]DMHHVHOPHGLDGRUTXHDUWLFXODODVGLQiPLFDVGH
HQVHxDQ]D(VDVtHQSULPHUOXJDUSRUTXHHVHOLQVWUXPHQWRIXQGDPHQWDOHQHO
TXHVHDSR\DHOPDHVWURSDUDSURJUDPDUODVDFWLYLGDGHVDUHDOL]DU(QVHJXQGR
OXJDUSRUTXHHVHOHVSDFLRHQTXHVHREMHWLYDItVLFDPHQWHODDFWLYLGDGGHO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
DOXPQR)LQDOPHQWH\TXL]iHVWRHVORPiVLPSRUWDQWHSRUTXHODUHVROXFLyQ
GHODJXtDDUWLFXODHOSURFHVRGHDVLJQDFLyQGHFDOLFDFLRQHVTXHSDUDORV
DOXPQRVHVORSULRULWDULR
(QHVWDPRGDOLGDGORVJUXSRVVRQPiVSHTXHxRVTXHHQODVRWUDV'H
DFXHUGRFRQODQRUPDWLYDRFLDOORVJUXSRVQRGHEHQUHEDVDUORVYHLQWLFLQFR
HVWXGLDQWHVJHQHUDOPHQWHORVJUXSRVVRQPiVUHGXFLGRV(VWRUHSUHVHQWD
XQDYHQWDMDFRQUHODFLyQDORVJUXSRVJHQHUDOPHQWHQXPHURVRVGHODVRWUDV
PRGDOLGDGHVSHURODPLVPDVXHOHUHYHUWLUVHSRUODH[LVWHQFLDGHPXFKDV
HVFXHODVPXOWLJUDGR6DQWRV(VWDVHVFXHODVVRQVyORXQHMHPSORGH
GLIHUHQWHVFDUHQFLDVTXHHQODUHDOLGDGSHUYLHUWHQHOPRGHORSHGDJyJLFRHQ
DOJXQDVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVXELFDGDVHQORVVHFWRUHVUXUDOHVPiVSREUHVDXVHQWLVPR
GHPDHVWURVFDUHQFLDGHVHxDOWHOHYLVLYD\RWURV
4XLUR]VHxDODTXHHQHQWUHYLVWDVUHDOL]DGDVFRQDOXPQRVGH
WHOHVHFXQGDULDVTXHIXQFLRQDQFRQUHJXODULGDGHOORVYDORUDQSRVLWLYDPHQWH
FDGDXQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHOPRGHORGHODWHOHVHFXQGDULDSHURVREUHWRGR
FRQVLGHUDQTXHODIRUPDHQTXHVHFRPSOHPHQWDQORVHOHPHQWRVGHOPRGHOR
IDFLOLWDVXDSUHQGL]DMH6REUHODEDVHHQORDQWHULRUHVWHDXWRUVHxDODTXHFXDQGR
HOPRGHORSHGDJyJLFRIXQFLRQDFRQVLVWHQWHPHQWHJHQHUDHQORVHVWXGLDQWHV
FRQDQ]DHQVXDSUHQGL]DMH\XQVHQWLGRGHLGHQWLGDGFRQVXHVFXHOD
3RVSULPDULD&RPXQLWDULD5XUDO\VHFXQGDULDFRPXQLWDULD
/D3RVSULPDULD&RPXQLWDULD5XUDOHVXQSURJUDPDRSHUDGRGHVGH
SRUHO&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH)RPHQWR(GXFDWLYR&21$)(RUJDQLVPR
GHVFHQWUDOL]DGRGHOD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3XEOLFD2IUHFHODSRVLELOLGDG
GHHVWXGLRGHODVHFXQGDULD\HQDOJXQRVFDVRVWDPELpQGHODHGXFDFLyQ
PHGLDVXSHULRUHQSHTXHxDVSREODFLRQHVUXUDOHVGLVSHUVDV\SREUHVTXH
JHQHUDOPHQWHQRSDVDQGHFLHQWRFLQFXHQWDKDELWDQWHV(QHOFLFORHVFRODU
FRQWDEDFRQFHQWURVHQODVWUHLQWD\GRVHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV
\DWHQGtDHVWXGLDQWHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOSURJUDPDVRQLQWHUHVDQWHVSRUVXVIRUPDVGH
RSHUDFLyQ6HEDVDHQHOPRGHORGHFXUVRVFRPXQLWDULRVTXHRSHUDGHVGH
YDULDVGpFDGDVDWUiVHQODHGXFDFLyQSULPDULD(VWHPRGHORVHLPSOHPHQWD
SRUODGLFXOWDGTXHUHSUHVHQWDTXHPDHVWURVUHJXODUHVDVLVWDQDODVSHTXHxDV
SREODFLRQHVUXUDOHVGLVSHUVDV/RVFHQWURVGHFXUVRVFRPXQLWDULRVVRQDWHQGLGRV
SRUMyYHQHVGHODUHJLyQTXHDFHSWDQGDUXQVHUYLFLRVRFLDOSRUXQRRGRVDxRV
\UHFLEHQGHO&21$)(XQDFRPSHQVDFLyQGXUDQWHVXVHUYLFLRFRPXQLWDULR
\GHVSXpVXQDEHFDSRUWUHVRFLQFRDxRVSDUDSURVHJXLUVXVHVWXGLRV(O
SHUVRQDOSDUDODSRVSULPDULDVHUHFOXWDHQWUHODVSHUVRQDVFRQH[SHULHQFLDHQ
ODSULPDULDGHO&21$)(
/DFRPXQLGDGSURSRUFLRQDPDQRGHREUDDFRQGLFLRQDHOORFDOKRVSHGD
\DOLPHQWDDODVHVRUFRPXQLWDULR\VXSHUYLVDODVDFWLYLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDV/RV
FHQWURVTXHRSHUDQFRPRSRVSULPDULDHVWiQHTXLSDGRVFRQELEOLRWHFDDXQTXH
HVWDVXHOHVHULQVXFLHQWHSDUDHODSUHQGL]DMHSRUFXHQWDSURSLDPDWHULDOHV
HGXFDWLYRVVLVWHPDWHOHYLVLYRDQWHQDSDUDUHFLELUODVHxDOVDWHOLWDOFRPSXWDGRUD
PXOWLPHGLD\SODQWDGHOX]VRODUDXQTXHFXDQGRHVWDVWHFQRORJtDVVHHVWURSHDQ
VRQGHGLItFLOUHSDUDFLyQSRUORDSDUWDGRGHORVOXJDUHV
/DPHWRGRORJtDGHDSUHQGL]DMHSRUFXHQWDSURSLDFRQODTXHRSHUDHVWH
SURJUDPDHVSURGXFWRGHODH[SHULHQFLDGHOGLUHFWRUGHOSURJUDPD*DEULHO
&iPDUDHQYDULRVSURJUDPDVDQWHULRUHVGLULJLGRVDODDWHQFLyQGH]RQDV
PDUJLQDOHVLQFOX\HQGR]RQDVXUEDQDV/DSUHPLVDHVDWHQGHUHOLQWHUpV
GHOHVWXGLDQWH\RIUHFHUXQDSR\RHFD]WDQWRHQODWXWRUtDFRPRHQORV
PDWHULDOHV6HFHQWUDHQODDGTXLVLFLyQGHFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVSDUDODYLGD
GHVDUUROODUODFDSDFLGDGSDUDH[SUHVDUVHHQIRUPDRUDO\HVFULWDODFDSDFLGDG
SDUDFRPSUHQGHUDQDOL]DU\FDOFXODUDSDUWLUGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\VREUHWRGR
GHVDUUROODUODFDSDFLGDGGHDSUHQGHUSRUFXHQWDSURSLD(QYH]GHODVFODVHV
UHJXODUHVFDGDHVWXGLDQWHHQQHJRFLDFLyQFRQHOWXWRUGHFLGHHORUGHQ\HO
WLHPSRTXHTXLHUHGHGLFDUDODVPDWHULDV\WHPDV\DOQDOL]DUXQWHPDSUHVHQWD
XQDH[SRVLFLyQS~EOLFDDQWHHOJUXSRHVFRODU\ODFRPXQLGDG
6XJHULPRVFRQVXOWDU&iPDUD\/ySH]
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
3DUDORVDVHVRUHVGHODSUHQGL]DMHODVFRPXQLGDGHV\ORVHVWXGLDQWHV
HOUHWRKDVLGRURPSHUFRQHVTXHPDVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVSUHYLRV\FRQHVWLORV
GHHQVHxDQ]D\DSUHQGL]DMHFRQORVTXHKDQFRQYLYLGRDORODUJRGHVXV
WUD\HFWRULDVHVFRODUHV(QODVFRPXQLGDGHVTXHWLHQHQH[SHULHQFLDFRQOD
SULPDULD&21$)(HVWHSURFHVRKDVLGRPiVIiFLO(OSUR\HFWRKDORJUDGRKDFHU
UHDOLGDGHQXQDHVFDODDSUHFLDEOHHOUHFXUVRGHODSUHQGL]DMHSRUFXHQWDSURSLD
HQODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHPDUJLQDFLyQGHODVFRPXQLGDGHVUXUDOHV6XH[LELOLGDG
SHUPLWHFRPELQDUHVWXGLR\WUDEDMRUXUDOLQFOXLGDVODVPLJUDFLRQHVWHPSRUDOHV
\KDFRQWULEXLGRDODUHWHQFLyQ\ODUHLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXH
KDEtDQDEDQGRQDGRVXVHVWXGLRV/DWHQVLyQSULQFLSDOVHHVWDEOHFHHQWUHHO
LGHDOGHORJUDUDSUHQGL]DMHVYDOLRVRV\XQDUHDOLGDGDEUXPDGRUDHQODTXHOD
FHUWLFDFLyQGHORVHVWXGLRVHVGHJUDQYDORUHLPSRUWDQFLDVRFLDOSDUDORV
HVWXGLDQWHV\ODVFRPXQLGDGHV8QSUREOHPDFHQWUDOQRVyORGHHVWHSURJUDPD
VLJXHVLHQGRODIDOWDGHPHFDQLVPRVGHFHUWLFDFLyQTXHPLGDQFRPSHWHQFLDV
EiVLFDVGHOQLYHOGHVHFXQGDULD3LHFN
(OSURJUDPDDWLHQGHXQDGHPDQGDQRVLJQLFDWLYDHVWDGtVWLFDPHQWHVLQ
HPEDUJRHVXQLQWHQWRSRUOOHJDUDODVSREODFLRQHVPiVGLItFLOHVGHDOFDQ]DU\
DGHPiVVXSURSXHVWDSHGDJyJLFDQRYHGRVDSRGUtDFRQVWLWXLUXQDDSRUWDFLyQ
YDOLRVDSDUDODRSHUDFLyQGHODVVHFXQGDULDVGHODVWUHVPRGDOLGDGHVTXH
RSHUDQHQPHQRUHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHPDUJLQDFLyQ
/DSRVSULPDULDKDWHQLGRDFHSWDFLyQHQWUHDOXPQRVFRQVREUHHGDG\FRQ
DGXOWRVPD\RUHV(QHOFLFOR&21$)(LQLFLDFRPRH[SHULHQFLD
SLORWRHO3URJUDPDGH6HFXQGDULD&RPXQLWDULDHQFHQWURVFRPXQLWDULRVTXH
DWLHQGHQODSULPDULD6XQDOLGDGHVDWHQGHUODGHPDQGDGHPHQRUHVGHTXLQFH
DxRVODSRVSULPDULDUXUDOLQFOX\HPD\RUHVHQFRPXQLGDGHVFRQPHQRV
GHFLHQKDELWDQWHVTXHQRWHQJDQXQDWHOHVHFXQGDULDFHUFDQDDVtFRPRHQ
FDPSDPHQWRVGHSREODFLyQMRUQDOHUDPLJUDQWH
6XRSHUDFLyQDGDSWDODSURSXHVWDGHODWHOHVHFXQGDULDDXQDHVWUXFWXUD
PRGXODUSDUDHYLWDUHQORSRVLEOHODIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHORVFRQRFLPLHQWRV\
JHQHUDUFRQRFLPLHQWRVVLJQLFDWLYRVTXHDSXQWHQDOORJURGHFRPSHWHQFLDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
WDQWRSDUDDSUHQGHUDDSUHQGHUFRPRSDUDODDSOLFDFLyQGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVDOR
ODUJRGHODYLGD6HUHFXSHUDQODVHVWUDWHJLDVGLGiFWLFDVGHGLYHUVDVH[SHULHQFLDV
GHO&21$)(FRQSREODFLRQHVUXUDOHVGLVSHUVDVVREUHWRGRFRQUHODFLyQDO
WUDEDMRPXOWLJUDGR&RQVHMR1DFLRQDOGH)RPHQWR(GXFDWLYR
/D6HFXQGDULD6LJOR;;,
(OSUR\HFWR/D6HFXQGDULD6LJOR;;,KDVLGRGHVDUUROODGRSRUXQHTXLSR
GHWUDEDMRGHO,QVWLWXWR/DWLQRDPHULFDQRGH&RPXQLFDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD,/&(
\OD8QLYHUVLGDG3HGDJyJLFD1DFLRQDODSDUWLUGHPD\RGH\HVXQ
PRGHORSHGDJyJLFRTXHLQFRUSRUDVLVWHPiWLFDPHQWHHOXVRGHWHFQRORJtDV
LQIRUPiWLFDV\HOHFWUyQLFDVODSURGXFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRV\PDWHULDOHVSDUD
HVDVWHFQRORJtDV\HOHTXLSDPLHQWRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH+DVWDHOSUR\HFWR
RSHUDEDHQHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHV\WpFQLFDVHQODVWUHLQWD\GRV
HQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV'HDFXHUGRFRQHOGRFXPHQWRRFLDOGHHVWHSUR\HFWR
VHSODQHDTXHSDUDHODxRVHKDEUiQHTXLSDGRSRUORPHQRV
HVFXHODV$OULWPRFRQHOTXHKDYHQLGRRSHUDQGRHOSUR\HFWRSDUHFHSRFR
IDFWLEOHHVDPHWD
'LFKRHTXLSDPLHQWRSHUPLWHDORVXVXDULRVDFFHGHUDGHPiVGHO,QWHUQHW
DODVSODWDIRUPDVHGXFDWLYDVQDFLRQDOHVGHOD5HGVDWHOLWDO('86$7DOD
UHGLQIRUPiWLFD5HG(VFRODUDODYLGHRWHFDHOHFWUyQLFDHQFRQVWUXFFLyQ
D FDOFXODGRUDV JUiILFDV SDUD OD HQVHxDQ]D GH 0DWHPiWLFD \ D VRIWZDUH
HVSHFLDOL]DGRSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGH)tVLFD/DVFDOFXODGRUDVJUiFDVVRQ
DOJHEUDLFDVQXPpULFDV\VLPEyOLFDV\VHDSR\DQHQXQPpWRGRGLGiFWLFR
GHULYDGRGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHGXFDWLYDPH[LFDQD/DVDXODVGH)tVLFDHVWiQ
HTXLSDGDVFRQMXHJRVGHVHQVRUHVHOHFWUyQLFRV\XQVLPXODGRUTXHSHUPLWHQOD
VLPXODFLyQGHIHQyPHQRVItVLFRVGHPDQHUDLQWHUDFWLYDSDUDRSHUDUGLIHUHQWHV
KLSyWHVLV
3DUDDPSOLDULQIRUPDFLyQDHVWHUHVSHFWRFRQVXOWDU
KWWSVHFLOFHHGXP[PHQXKWPO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
6HJ~QLQIRUPDFLyQGHODGLUHFWRUDSHGDJyJLFDGHOSUR\HFWRHVWHWURSH]y
HQVXVLQLFLRVFRQSUREOHPDVWHFQROyJLFRVFRPRIDOWDGHHTXLSRV\FRQH[LRQHV
HQODVHVFXHODV\FDUHQFLDGHIRUPDFLyQWHFQROyJLFDGHORVPDHVWURV+DVLGR
GHSULPRUGLDOLPSRUWDQFLDHOWUDEDMRGHGLVHxR\SURGXFFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRV
SRUORVHVSHFLDOLVWDVHOGHVDUUROORGHGLGiFWLFDVTXHSHUPLWHQHOXVR\OD
LQFRUSRUDFLyQGHORVPHGLRVHOHFWUyQLFRVHQODVGLQiPLFDVGHFODVH&RPR
VHSXHGHREVHUYDUHQODSiJLQD:HEHOSURJUDPDHVWiPiVGHVDUUROODGRHQ
DOJXQDVGLGiFWLFDVHVSHFtFDVFRPR)tVLFD\0DWHPiWLFD\QRHQRWUDVFRPR
(VSDxROH+LVWRULD(OUHWRHVVXSHUDUHVWDVGHFLHQFLDV
6HFXQGDULDDGLVWDQFLDSDUDDGXOWRV
(O SURJUDPD GH 6HFXQGDULD D 'LVWDQFLD SDUD$GXOWRV 6($ EXVFD
FRQWULEXLUDTXHSDUWHGHORVDGXOWRVFRQFOX\DVXHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD(VWi
GLULJLGDDODSREODFLyQPD\RUGHTXLQFHDxRVTXHQRKDFRQFOXLGRODVHFXQGDULD
5HVXOWDWDPELpQLQWHUHVDQWHSRUVXPHWRGRORJtD\RSHUDFLyQDGLVWDQFLDSRU
ODFRPSDFWDFLyQ\DGHFXDFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRVHQWpUPLQRVGHXQDPD\RU
SHUWLQHQFLDSDUDORVDGXOWRV\SRUODFHUWLFDFLyQH[LEOH
(O SURJUDPD FRPHQ]y HQ FRQ HVWXGLDQWHV 3DUD HO DxR
ODPDWUtFXODQDFLRQDOHVGHHVWXGLDQWHV$FWXDOPHQWHFXHQWDFRQ
VHGHVHQYHLQWLXQDHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV(VGHUHVDOWDUTXHHQWUHVDxRV
HVWHSURJUDPDFHUWLFyVyORDHVWXGLDQWHV
(OPRGHORHGXFDWLYRFRPSDFWDORVFRQWHQLGRVGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
SRUDVLJQDWXUDVGHODVHFXQGDULDHQFXDWURiUHDV/HQJXD\FRPXQLFDFLyQ
&iOFXOR\UHVROXFLyQGHSUREOHPDV6DOXG\DPELHQWH\)DPLOLDFRPXQLGDG
\VRFLHGDG&DGDiUHDVHFXUVDHQGRVQLYHOHVLQLFLDO\DYDQ]DGR$GHPiV
FXHQWDFRQXQFXUVRGHLQGXFFLyQXQFXUVRGHFHUWLFDFLyQ\XQFXUVRRSFLRQDO
GHLQJOHV(OXVXDULRSXHGHFXUVDUHQGLYHUVRRUGHQODViUHDVGHOSURJUDPD
VHJ~QVXQLYHOGHHVFRODULGDGVXVLQWHUHVHV\VXGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHWLHPSR
3DUDLQVFULELUVHDXQFXUVRGHiUHDGHOQLYHODYDQ]DGRHVUHTXLVLWRKDEHU
DSUREDGRHOQLYHOLQLFLDO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
&XHQWDFRQHODSR\RGHXQDJXtDGHDSUHQGL]DMHLPSUHVDSDUDFDGDXQD
GHODViUHDVHQVXVGRVQLYHOHV8QDUHYLVLyQGHHVWDVJXtDVGHDSUHQGL]DMHGH
FDGDXQDGHODViUHDVSHUPLWHLGHQWLFDUTXHODFRPSDFWDFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRV
ODSHUWLQHQFLDSDUDORVDGXOWRV\ODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHDOFDQ]DQEXHQRV
QLYHOHVGHORJUR7DPELpQVHWUDQVPLWHQYtDWHOHYLVLyQDELHUWD\FRQHOVDWpOLWH
HGXFDWLYR('86$7SURJUDPDVGHDSR\RSDUDFRQWHQLGRVHVSHFtFRVGHOD
JXtDVGHDSUHQGL]DMHFRQXQDGXUDFLyQGHTXLQFHPLQXWRVFDGDXQDGXUDQWH
ODVHPDQD/RVGtDVViEDGRVVHUHDOL]DQVHVLRQHVGHDVHVRUtDWHOHYLVDGDV
FRQXQDGXUDFLyQGHWUHLQWDPLQXWRVTXHUHFDSLWXODQODVVHVLRQHVLPSUHVDV
HVWXGLDGDVGXUDQWHODVHPDQD7DPELpQVHWUDQVPLWHQSRUWHOHYLVLyQSURJUDPDV
GHH[WHQVLyQDFDGpPLFDTXHFRPSOHPHQWDQORVWHPDV\DPSOtDQHOKRUL]RQWH
FXOWXUDO$GHPiVGHORDQWHULRUFDGDHVWXGLDQWHSXHGHUHFLELUDVHVRUtDLQGLYLGXDO
RHQJUXSR\FRPSDUWLUVXVH[SHULHQFLDVFRQRWURVHVWXGLDQWHVHQODVVHGHV
GHOSURJUDPD6(3
/DHYDOXDFLyQGHORVDSUHQGL]DMHVVHUHDOL]DHQGRVPRPHQWRVXQD
HYDOXDFLyQGLDJQyVWLFD\XQDHYDOXDFLyQSDUDODDFUHGLWDFLyQPHGLDQWHH[iPHQHV
HVWDQGDUL]DGRVDQLYHOQDFLRQDO(ODVHVRUWDPELpQDVLJQDXQDFDOLFDFLyQ
DOHVWXGLDQWHTXHVHVXPDDODFDOLFDFLyQREWHQLGDHQHOH[DPHQPHGLDQWH
FLHUWRSURFHGLPLHQWRHVWDGtVWLFR
(QHOGRFXPHQWRRFLDOGHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOSURJUDPDVHVXEUD\DOD
YHQWDMDGHODFRPSDFWDFLyQGHOFXUUtFXOXP6HFDOFXODTXHFXUVDUODVHFXQGDULDD
GLVWDQFLDLPSOLFDXQHVIXHU]RGHKRUDVTXHVHFRPSDUDQPX\IDYRUDEOHPHQWH
FRQWUDODVKRUDVTXHLPSOLFDODDVLVWHQFLDDODVHFXQGDULDHVFRODUL]DGD
SDUDDGXOWRV6(3VLQHPEDUJRODFHUWLFDFLyQUHDOL]DGDGXUDQWHWUHV
DxRVPXHVWUDXQDWDVDGHHFLHQFLDPX\EDMDDXQTXHHOORWLHQHP~OWLSOHVFDXVDV
6HUHTXLHUHHQWUHRWUDVPHGLGDVDQDUORVPHFDQLVPRVGHFHUWLFDFLyQ
/RVSURJUDPDVSUHVHQWDGRVUHSUHVHQWDQHVIXHU]RVSDUDLQQRYDUODRSHUDFLyQ
GHOFXUULFXOXPHQODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD$XQTXHHQORVPLVPRVORVpQIDVLV
VRQGLIHUHQWHVHQWRGRVORVFDVRVVHWUDWDGHQXHYDVDOWHUQDWLYDVSDUDGRWDUGH
SHUWLQHQFLDH[LELOLGDG\IXQFLRQDOLGDGDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/DJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYD\ODVFRQGLFLRQHV
PDWHULDOHVHLQVWLWXFLRQDOHV
GHODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULD
/DWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYDHVXQWHPDFRQVWDQWHHQODV
GLYHUVDVSURSXHVWDVGHUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD(QHVWHDSDUWDGRVH
GHVDUUROODHOWHPDHQGRVGLPHQVLRQHV(QXQDSULPHUDVHFFLyQVHDQDOL]DQ
ODVSURSXHVWDVTXHDSDUHFHQHQHO3ODQGH'HVDUUROOR(GXFDWLYR
6(3\HQHO3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ6(3D
(QXQVHJXQGRDSDUWDGRVHSUHVHQWDQWUHVSURJUDPDVGHJHVWLyQTXHRSHUDQ
DFWXDOPHQWHHQDOJXQDVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDV
D /DJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYDHQODVSURSXHVWDVRFLDOHV
/DJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYDGHORVSODQWHOHVGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDHVXQWHPDFHQWUDO
GHO3URJUDPDGH'HVDUUROOR(GXFDWLYR\HQHO3URJUDPD1DFLRQDO
GH(GXFDFLyQ(QDPERVSURJUDPDVKD\DOJXQDVFRLQFLGHQFLDV
/DSULPHUDHVODSURSXHVWDGHXQVLVWHPDGHJHVWLyQHGXFDWLYDRULHQWDGRDO
DXOD\DODHVFXHOD(QHOSODQVHSRQHFRPRSUHPLVDSDUDHOHYDU
ODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQTXHODVHVFXHODVWHQJDQXQPDUFRGHJHVWLyQTXH
SHUPLWDXQDGHFXDGRHTXLOLEULRGHPiUJHQHVGHDXWRQRPtDSDUWLFLSDFLyQGH
ODFRPXQLGDGDSR\RLQVWLWXFLRQDO\UHJXODFLyQQRUPDWLYD6(3S
(QHOSURJUDPDODSURSXHVWDHVUHIRUPDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHO
VLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRSDUDJDUDQWL]DUXQDSROtWLFDFHQWUDGDHQHODXOD\OD
HVFXHOD6(3DS(QHOPLVPRSDUDGDUOHFRQFUHFLyQDHVWD
SROtWLFDGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODJHVWLyQHVFRODUGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDVH
HVWDEOHFHHO3URJUDPDGH(VFXHODVGH&DOLGDG
/DVHJXQGDFRLQFLGHQFLDHQWUHORVGRVSURJUDPDVHVTXHVHSURSRQHHO
SUR\HFWRHVFRODUSRUSODQWHOFRPRHOPRGHORGHJHVWLyQTXHGHEHQVHJXLUODV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HVFXHODV/DSURSXHVWDGHSUR\HFWRGHHVFXHODFRQWHPSODFLHUWRVDWULEXWRV
FRPXQHVHQDPEDVSURSXHVWDVSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHPRFUiWLFDGHGLUHFWLYRV
PDHVWURV\ODFRPXQLGDGWUDEDMRHQHTXLSRGHORVPDHVWURVGLDJQyVWLFRGH
ORVSUREOHPDVHVSHFtFRVGHFDGDSODQWHOPHWDV\SURSyVLWRVFRPSDUWLGRV\
HVWUDWHJLDVGHDFFLyQFRRUGLQDGDVSDUDHOORJURGHODVPHWDV
/DSRVLELOLGDGGHOSUR\HFWRHVFRODUSRUSODQWHOHQFXHQWUDVXVFRQGLFLRQHV
PiVGHVIDYRUDEOHVHQODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDV)XHQWHV$OJXQRVDXWRUHV
KDQVHxDODGRTXHHQWUHODVFRQGLFLRQHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVTXHPiVOLPLWDQOD
SRVLELOLGDGGHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGRGHORVPDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULDVHHQFXHQWUDQ
ODVFRQGLFLRQHVODERUDOHVGHOPDJLVWHULR4XLUR]6DQGRYDO'H
HVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVWDFDQHOVDODULRLQVXFLHQWHTXHLPSOLFDSDUDORVPDHVWURV
XQDFDQWLGDGHOHYDGDGHKRUDVGHFRQWUDWDFLyQIUHFXHQWHPHQWHHQYDULDV
HVFXHODV7DPELpQHVLPSRUWDQWHODIRUPDGHFRQWUDWDFLyQGHOPDJLVWHULRTXH
LPSOLFDTXHODVKRUDVGHOQRPEUDPLHQWRVRQFDVLHQVXWRWDOLGDGSDUDHVWDU
IUHQWHDJUXSR&RQUHODFLyQDOSUREOHPDGHODJHVWLyQHVWDFLUFXQVWDQFLDHV
VHJ~Q4XLUR]XQLPSHGLPHQWRSDUDODUHDOL]DFLyQGHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGR
GHORVPDHVWURVGHFDGDSODQWHO
(O3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQUHFRQRFHODVFRQGLFLRQHV
SRFRSURSLFLDVSDUDHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGRHQORVSODQWHOHV\TXHHVWDVLWXDFLyQ
HVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHJUDYHHQODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDV6(3DS
SHURQRVHFRQVLGHUDQH[SOtFLWDPHQWHFRPRREVWiFXORSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHO
SUR\HFWRHVFRODUHQFDGDSODQWHO
$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHSUHVHQWDQWUHVSURJUDPDVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQSUR\HFWR
HVFRODU
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
3URJUDPDHVFXHODVGHFDOLGDG
(VWHSURJUDPDVHHVWDEOHFHHQHO3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ
6XSURSyVLWRHVHOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD6X
REMHWLYRHVWUDQVIRUPDUODRUJDQL]DFLyQ\HOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODVHVFXHODV
GHPDQHUDTXHFDGDXQDDVXPDGHPDQHUDFROHFWLYDODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHORV
UHVXOWDGRVGHDSUHQGL]DMH\VHFRPSURPHWDFRQHOPHMRUDPLHQWRFRQWLQXRGHO
DSURYHFKDPLHQWRHVFRODU6(3E
(OSULQFLSDODOLFLHQWHGHFDGDHVFXHODSDUDLQJUHVDUDOSURJUDPDHVTXH
UHFLEHXQDDSRUWDFLyQDQXDOGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH86&DGD
SODQWHOSXHGHXWLOL]DUHVWHGLQHURSDUDPHMRUDUVXLQIUDHVWUXFWXUDFRPSUDU
UHFXUVRVGLGiFWLFRV\SDUDDFWLYLGDGHVGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHVXVPDHVWURV\
GLUHFWLYRV
3DUDLQJUHVDUDOSURJUDPDODVHVFXHODVGHEHQSUHVHQWDUXQSUR\HFWR
HVFRODU(VWHVHGHQHFRPRXQGRFXPHQWRGHSODQHDFLyQ\GHVDUUROORD
PHGLDQRSOD]RFLQFRDxRVHQHOTXHDSDUWLUGHXQGLDJQyVWLFRODFRPXQLGDG
HVFRODUH[SUHVDVXYLVLyQPHWDVHVWUDWHJLDV\FRPSURPLVRVSDUDTXHODHVFXHOD
FXPSODFRQORVPLVPRV$GLFLRQDOPHQWHGHEHQSUHVHQWDUVXSURJUDPDDQXDO
GHWUDEDMR8QFRPLWpGLFWDPLQDGRUUHYLVDODVVROLFLWXGHVGHLQFRUSRUDFLyQ\
VHOHFFLRQDODVHVFXHODVTXHVHLQFRUSRUDQDOSURJUDPD6(3E
(Q HO FLFOR HVFRODU TXH LQLFLDGR HQ DJRVWR GH HO SURJUDPD
WHQtD LQFRUSRUDGDV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH HVFXHODV SULPDULDV \
WHOHVHFXQGDULDV(OSURJUDPDQRFRQWHPSODKDVWDODIHFKDODLQFRUSRUDFLyQ
GHVHFXQGDULDVGHODVRWUDVPRGDOLGDGHVDSHVDUGHHOOR\SRUPHFDQLVPRV
TXH GHVFRQRFHPRV HQ HVH DxR HVWDEDQ LQFRUSRUDGDV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
HVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHV\WpFQLFDV6(3E
(VWHHVXQRGHORVSURJUDPDVGHODDFWXDODGPLQLVWUDFLyQTXHFXHQWD
FRQPiVSUHVXSXHVWR\SUHWHQGHWHQHULQFRUSRUDGDVHVFXHODVSDUD
HO DxR (V VLJQLILFDWLYR TXH HO SURJUDPD IXQFLRQH HQ HO QLYHO GH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
VHFXQGDULDKDVWDHOPRPHQWRVyORFRQODVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVGRQGHHOQ~PHUR
GHSURIHVRUHVHVUHGXFLGR\ORVPLVPRVWLHQHQSOD]DVGHWLHPSRFRPSOHWR\
TXHODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVGHODVRWUDVPRGDOLGDGHVQRVHDQLQFRUSRUDGDV
SRUHVWHSURJUDPD
5HQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYDGHODVHVFXHODVS~EOLFDVGH
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
(VWHHVXQSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQFRRUGLQDGRSRUOD
'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYDGHOD6XEVHFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ
%iVLFD\1RUPDOTXHLQLFLyDQDOHVGHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQDQWHULRU\WUDEDMD
DFWXDOPHQWHHQTXLQFHHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV\HQFLHQWRWUHVHVFXHODVGHODVWUHV
PRGDOLGDGHVGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD6HHOLJLHURQODVHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV
TXHPRVWUDEDQEXHQDGLVSRVLFLyQGHORVVHFUHWDULRVRVXEVHFUHWDULRVGH
HGXFDFLyQSDUDODIRUPDFLyQGHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVHVWDWDOHV
(OSUR\HFWRUHDOL]ySULPHURXQGLDJQyVWLFRHQHOFXDOVHUHFRQRFLHURQ
YDULRVSUREOHPDVGHODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVODHVFXHODQRIXQFLRQDFRPR
XQDXQLGDGHGXFDWLYDHQODTXHGLUHFWLYRV\PDHVWURVFRPSDUWHQODYLVLyQ
\ODVPHWDVSUHYDOHFHQODVSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]DUXWLQDULDV\SUHGHFLEOHV
DPELHQWHGHYLJLODQFLD\FRQWUROPiVTXHGHDSUHQGL]DMHODIXQFLyQGLUHFWLYD
VHFRQFHQWUDHQORVDVXQWRVDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRGH
ORVPDHVWURVOLPLWDQVXDFWXDOL]DFLyQ\HOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODVIRUPDVGH
RUJDQL]DFLyQ\GHHQVHxDQ]DODUHODFLyQHQWUHODHVFXHOD\ODVIDPLOLDVVH
OLPLWDDDVXQWRVGHFRRSHUDFLyQQDQFLHUD\DUHSRUWHVVREUHGLVFLSOLQDGH
ORVDOXPQRV
3DUWLHQGRGHHVWHGLDJQyVWLFRVHHVWDEOHFLHURQORVVLJXLHQWHVREMHWLYRV
IRUPDUSHUVRQDOWpFQLFRFDSD]GHSURPRYHUSURFHVRVGHLQQRYDFLyQSHGD
JyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYDHQODVHVFXHODVIRUWDOHFHUODIXQFLyQDFDGpPLFDGHORV
GLUHFWLYRVHVFRODUHVREWHQHU\DQDOL]DULQIRUPDFLyQVREUHODJHVWLyQLQVWLWXFLRQDO
\ODRUJDQL]DFLyQHVFRODU\SURSRUFLRQDULQIRUPDFLyQVLVWHPiWLFD\~WLOSDUD
ODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHODUHIRUPDLQWHJUDOGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
3DUDFXPSOLUFRQHVWRVREMHWLYRVVHSURSRQHQGRVOtQHDVGHWUDEDMROD
OtQHDGHLQQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYD6(3E/DOtQHDGH
LQQRYDFLyQSUHWHQGHSUREDUXQDHVWUDWHJLDGHIRUPDFLyQHQHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGR
SDUDTXHHOSHUVRQDOGRFHQWHLGHQWLTXHVXVSULQFLSDOHVSUREOHPDVHGXFDWLYRV
\SURSRQJDDOWHUQDWLYDVGHVROXFLyQ6HSURSRQHTXHFDGDSODQWHOSDUWLFLSDQWH
HODERUHXQSUR\HFWRGHLQQRYDFLyQTXHSUHWHQGHTXHGLUHFWLYRV\PDHVWURV
DVXPDQFRPRSURSLRVORVSURSyVLWRVGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVDGTXLHUDQPD\RU
DXWRULGDG\UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHQODGHWHUPLQDFLyQ\ORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODWDUHD
HGXFDWLYDXWLOLFHQGHIRUPDHIHFWLYDORVSURJUDPDVSUR\HFWRV\UHFXUVRVGH
DSR\RDODHQVHxDQ]DRWRUJXHQSULRULGDGDODHQVHxDQ]D\DOWUDEDMRIUHQWH
DJUXSRFRQVWUX\DQPD\RUHVPiUJHQHVGHDXWRQRPtDGHOFHQWURHVFRODU\
DWLHQGDQHLQYROXFUHQDORVSDGUHVGHIDPLOLDHQODWDUHDHGXFDWLYD
/DHVWUDWHJLDHVTXHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVPHGLDQWHFXUVRVWDOOHUHV
FDSDFLWDFLyQHQODDFFLyQ\DVHVRUtDDSR\HQDFDGDSODQWHOSDUWLFLSDQWHSDUD
ODHODERUDFLyQ\ODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHVXSUR\HFWRGHLQQRYDFLyQ
6HHVWDEOHFHTXHODVDXWRULGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVHVWDWDOHVWLHQHQTXHJDUDQWL]DU
GRVFRQGLFLRQHVSDUDOOHYDUDFDERHOSUR\HFWRLQWHJUDFLyQGHXQHTXLSRWpFQLFR
HVWDWDOGHGLFDGRGHWLHPSRFRPSOHWRDOSUR\HFWR\HVWDEOHFHUDOJXQDVPHGLGDV
\RUJDQL]DWLYDVHQORVSODQWHOHVSDUWLFLSDQWHVSDUDDVHJXUDUODVFRQGLFLRQHV
PtQLPDVQHFHVDULDVSDUDHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGR(QODVHOHFFLyQGHODVHVFXHODV
SDUWLFLSDQWHVVHSULRUL]yODKHWHURJHQHLGDGHQFXDQWRDPRGDOLGDGHVWXUQRV
WDPDxRVUHVXOWDGRVHGXFDWLYRV\FRQWH[WRVVRFLRHFRQyPLFRV6HLQWHQWyFRQWDU
FRQWRGDODGLYHUVLGDGGHHVFXHODVSRVLEOH
/DOtQHDGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQWLHQHHOSURSyVLWRGHUHFRJHULQIRUPDFLyQ
VLVWHPiWLFDSDUDFDUDFWHUL]DUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRFRWLGLDQRGHODVHVFXHODV
(VLPSRUWDQWHVHxDODUORVUXEURVTXHRULHQWDURQODVLVWHPDWL]DFLyQGHOD
LQIRUPDFLyQXVRGHOWLHPSRHVFRODUFOLPDGHWUDEDMRHMHUFLFLRGHODIXQFLyQ
GLUHFWLYDIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQGHOWUDEDMRDFDGpPLFRSUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D
\HYDOXDFLyQXVR\VHQWLGRFRQIHULGRVDORVDSR\RVSDUDPHMRUDUODHQVHxDQ]D
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
IXQFLyQVXSHUYLVRUDFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQODERUDOGHPDHVWURVGLUHFWLYRV\SHUVRQDO
GHDSR\R\H[SHFWDWLYDV\FRQFHSFLRQHVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVORVPDHVWURV\
ORVSDGUHVGHIDPLOLD
'HDFXHUGRFRQODLQIRUPDFLyQTXHSURSRUFLRQDXQRGHORVFXDGURV
WpFQLFRVGHOD'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYDHOSUR\HFWR
VHHQFXHQWUDHQVXHWDSDLQLFLDO/RVRSHUDGRUHVGHOPLVPRLGHQWLFDQHVWH
PRPHQWRFRQODFDWHJRUtDGHVHQVLELOL]DFLyQ\VXQDOLGDGHVHQFLDOHVOD
SDUWLFLSDFLyQYROXQWDULDGHODVHVFXHODV8QVHJXQGRPRPHQWRFX\DRSHUDFLyQ
LQLFLDUiHQVHSWLHPEUHGHHVODGHHYDOXDFLyQLQWHUQDGHFDGDHVFXHOD
(OWHUFHUPRPHQWRHVGHHODERUDFLyQGHOSODQGHPHMRUDGHFDGDHVFXHOD\HO
~OWLPRHVHOGHODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOSODQGHPHMRUDHQFDGDSODQWHO
'HVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHORVUHVSRQVDEOHVHOSUR\HFWRWHQGUtDGRVQDOLGDGHV
HQHOFRUWRSOD]R3ULPHURUHFDEDULQIRUPDFLyQTXHVLUYDFRPRLQVXPRSDUD
HOSUR\HFWRGHODUHIRUPDLQWHJUDOGHODVHFXQGDULD(VWDLQIRUPDFLyQUHHUH
HVHQFLDOPHQWHDXQDFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQHQSURIXQGLGDGGHORVSUREOHPDVGH
RUJDQL]DFLyQGHODVHVFXHODV\DODGRFXPHQWDFLyQGHH[SHULHQFLDVQRYHGRVDV
GHPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQ\ODHQVHxDQ]DHQODVHVFXHODV(QSDODEUDV
GHXQRGHORVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHOSUR\HFWRSRUORSURQWRORTXHQRVLQWHUHVDHV
REWHQHULQIRUPDFLyQ\\DGHVSXpVPiVDGHODQWHVHGHFLGLUiQFXDOHVVRQODV
HVWUDWHJLDVSDUDLPSOHPHQWDUDFFLRQHVPiVPDVLYDV(S
/DVHJXQGDQDOLGDGGHOSUR\HFWRSODQWHDGDSRUORVUHVSRQVDEOHVHVOD
IRUPDFLyQGHHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVHQSURSXHVWDVGHPHMRUDEDMRXQD
VHULHGHSULQFLSLRVFHQWUDOHVDFHUFDPLHQWRDODVHVFXHODVDWHQFLyQGLIHUHQFLDGD
FRQRFLPLHQWRGHORVSURSyVLWRVHGXFDWLYRVGHOQLYHO\FRQVLGHUDFLyQGHOD
LPSRUWDQFLDGHKDFHUXQVHJXLPLHQWR\HYDOXDFLyQGHOSURFHVRGHODHVFXHOD
(S(OSUR\HFWRGHKHFKRKDSURSRUFLRQDGRLQIRUPDFLyQDORVRWURV
HTXLSRVWpFQLFRVTXHWUDEDMDQHQODSURSXHVWDGHODUHIRUPDLQWHJUDOGHOD
VHFXQGDULDSHURSDUHFHTXHQRWLHQHSRVLELOLGDGHVGHWUDQVIRUPDUDOPHQRV
HQHOFRUWRSOD]RPDVLYDPHQWHODVIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODVHVFXHODV
VHFXQGDULDV(VWDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQWHQGUtDFRPRSUHPLVDODPRGLFDFLyQGHODV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
FRQGLFLRQHVODERUDOHVGHOPDJLVWHULRGHVHFXQGDULDHQWpUPLQRVGHSRVLELOLWDU
ODDFWXDOL]DFLyQSHUPDQHQWH\HOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGRGHORVPDHVWURVHQFDGD
SODQWHO
2SHUDFLyQGHOSURJUDPD3UR\HFWR(VFRODUHQODVHVFXHODV
VHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVGHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
$SDUWLUGHOFLFORHVFRODUTXHLQLFLDHQDJRVWRGHHOSURJUDPD
3UR\HFWR(VFRODUVHYXHOYHREOLJDWRULRSDUDWRGDVODVHVFXHODVSHUWHQHFLHQWHV
DOD&RRUGLQDFLyQ6HFWRULDOGH(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULDGHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
/DRSHUDFLyQGHHVWHSURJUDPDHVXQHMHPSORGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRORFDOGHO
SUR\HFWRQDFLRQDOSUHVHQWDGRHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRU
/DSUHVHQWDFLyQGHHVWDVHFFLyQVHVXVWHQWDHQHOLQIRUPHGHDFWLYLGDGHV
GHDJRVWRGHGHOD6XEGLUHFFLyQGH$SR\R7pFQLFR&RPSOHPHQWDULRGH
OD&RUGLQDFLyQ6(3EHQXQDHQWUHYLVWDUHDOL]DGDFRQODUHVSRQVDEOHGH
ODRSHUDFLyQGHOSUR\HFWR\HQXQDHQWUHYLVWDDXQDDVHVRUDWpFQLFRSHGDJyJLFD
HQXQDHVFXHODVLQJXODU
'HOD&RRUGLQDFLyQ6HFWRULDOUHVSRQVDEOHGHODRSHUDFLyQGHHVWHSUR\HFWR
GHSHQGHQHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVHQVXPD\RUtDGHODPRGDOLGDGGHVHFXQGDULD
JHQHUDO3DUDLPSOHPHQWDUHOSURJUDPDHQWRGDVODVHVFXHODVSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDOD
&RRUGLQDFLyQODPLVPDUHDOL]yXQFRQMXQWRGHDFFLRQHVSUHYLDVFDSDFLWDFLyQ
GHOSHUVRQDOWpFQLFR\GLUHFWLYRGHODVFRRUGLQDFLRQHVUHJLRQDOHVWDOOHUGH
XQLFDFLyQVREUHHOHQIRTXHGHOSUR\HFWRWDOOHUHVGHVHQVLELOL]DFLyQ\GLVHxR
HGLFLyQ\GLVWULEXFLyQGHPDWHULDOHVSDUDODVFDSDFLWDFLRQHV
(QHVWDVFDSDFLWDFLRQHVSDUWLFLSDURQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHWUDEDMDGRUHV
GHODHGXFDFLyQGHORVFXDOHVIXHURQPDHVWURV\SHUVRQDOGHVHUYLFLRV
HGXFDWLYRVGHODVHVFXHODV\HOUHVWRVHGLVWULEX\yHQWUHFRRUGLQDGRUHVUHJLRQDOHV
LQVSHFWRUHVDVHVRUHVWpFQLFRSHGDJyJLFRVMHIHVGHHQVHxDQ]DGLUHFWRUHV\
VXEGLUHFWRUHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
'HDFXHUGRFRQHOLQIRUPHGHDFWLYLGDGHVUHIHULGRODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ
GHO SUR\HFWR HVFRODU HQ ODV HVFXHODV GH OD &RRUGLQDFLyQ KD VLJQLILFDGR
DOJXQRVDYDQFHV(QSULPHUOXJDUHOSUR\HFWRHVFRODUHVLGHQWLFDGRFRPR
XQDDOWHUQDWLYDGHRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVHVFRODUHVTXHKDSHUPLWLGR
FDPELRVFXDOLWDWLYRVHQORVLQWHJUDQWHVGHODFRPXQLGDGHVFRODUTXHVHUHHMDQ
HQHOSURFHVRGHHQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMH$OJXQRVGHORVDYDQFHVWDQJLEOHV
VHJ~QHVWHLQIRUPHVRQLQWHJUDFLyQGHORVGLUHFWLYRVSURIHVRUHVSDGUHVGH
IDPLOLD\DOXPQRVHQWRUQRDREMHWLYRVFRPXQHVGHODHVFXHODLQQRYDFLyQ
SHGDJyJLFDUHRUJDQL]DFLyQGHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGRHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHHVWUDWHJLDV
SDUDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGHGXFDWLYDFRQFRPSURPLVRV\UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVELHQ
GHQLGRV6(3E
(VWDYLVLyQTXHHQHOLQIRUPHGHDFWLYLGDGHVSDUHFHGHJUDQGHVORJURV
VHPDWL]DFRQORTXHODUHVSRQVDEOHGHOSUR\HFWRSODQWHDHQXQDHQWUHYLVWD
8QDYH]TXHWHUPLQyHOSULPHUFLFORHVFRODUKXERXQDMXQWDGHHYDOXDFLyQ
HQGRQGHVHYLRTXHHQPXFKDVHVFXHODVHOSUR\HFWRVHKDEtDFRQYHUWLGRHQ
XQGRFXPHQWRSXHVQDGDPDVSDUDFXPSOLUFRQHOUHTXLVLWRTXHODDXWRULGDG
VROLFLWDED\HQXQPHQRUQ~PHURGHHVFXHODVVtVHDSURYHFKyODRSRUWXQLGDG
SDUDTXHVHUHXQLHUDQORVPDHVWURVFRQHOGLUHFWRULGHQWLFDUDQSUREOHPDV
WRPDUDQGHFLVLRQHV\GHFLGLHUDQTXHUXPERVHJXLUGXUDQWHHVHFLFORHVFRODU
(0DVDGHODQWHUHULpQGRVHDODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOWUDEDMRGHHTXLSR
HQODVHVFXHODVHVWDIXQFLRQDULDUHLWHUDWDPELpQVRQODVPHQRV
(QXQDHQWUHYLVWDFRQODUHVSRQVDEOHGHDSR\RWpFQLFRSHGDJyJLFRGHXQD
HVFXHODVHPXHVWUDVXYLVLyQ\DOJXQRVGHORVSUREOHPDVGHODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ
GHOSUR\HFWRHQHVWHFDVRVLQJXODU3ODQWHDODVGLVWRUVLRQHVTXHVHRULJLQDQHQ
HOSURFHVRGHODLQIRUPDFLyQHQFDVFDGDGHHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVDVXSHUYLVRUHVD
GLUHFWRUHVDDSR\RVWpFQLFRV\DPDHVWURV&XDQGROOHJDDORVGHVWLQDWDULRV
QDOHVHVGHFLUDORVPDHVWURV\DWHSRGUiVLPDJLQDUTXHODSURSXHVWDHVWi
WRWDOPHQWHGHVWUR]DGDSRUTXHHVWRGRXQSURFHVRHQHOTXHSULPHURORHVWXGLD
HOLQVSHFWRU\DSDUWLUGHVXLQWHUSUHWDFLyQORWUDQVPLWHDOGLUHFWRU\HVWH~OWLPR
ORUHPLWHDORVPDHVWURV((VWHDVHVRUUHHUHTXHDGHPiVGHORDQWHULRU
HOSUREOHPDPiVJUDYHHVTXHQRVHWUDEDMyGHPDQHUDFROHJLDGD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/DVGHVFULSFLRQHVSODQWHDGDVHQHVWHDSDUWDGRPXHVWUDQORVSUREOHPDVD
ORVTXHVHHQIUHQWDQODVSURSXHVWDVRFLDOHVSDUDWUDQVIRUPDUODRUJDQL]DFLyQ
\ODJHVWLyQGHODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVFXDQGRVHLPSODQWDQPDVLYDPHQWH
)RUPDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHPDHVWURV\
GLUHFWLYRV
(OGHVDUUROORGHHVWHWHPDVHUHDOL]DHQGRVVHFFLRQHV(QHOSULPHURVH
KDFHUHIHUHQFLDDODIRUPDFLyQLQLFLDOGHORVIXWXURVPDHVWURV\HQHOVHJXQGR
DODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVPDHVWURVHQVHUYLFLR
D /DIRUPDFLyQLQLFLDOGHORVPDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULD
/DIRUPDFLyQLQLFLDOGHPDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULDKDFHUHIHUHQFLDDORV
HVWXGLRVTXHUHDOL]DQHQODVHVFXHODVQRUPDOHVVXSHULRUHVORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXH
KDQHOHJLGRFRPRIXWXURGHVWLQRSURIHVLRQDOHOPDJLVWHULRHQODVHVFXHODV
VHFXQGDULDV
$SHVDUGHTXHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDVHSUHVHQWD
HQODFRQFRPLWDQWHUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUGHOD/LFHQFLDWXUDHQ(GXFDFLyQ
6HFXQGDULDQRVHFRQFUHWDKDVWDFRQODH[SHGLFLyQSRUOD6(3GHODFXHUGR
6(3(OSODQGHHVWXGLRVYLJHQWHKDVWDHVHPRPHQWRIXHLQVWDXUDGR
HQ\FRPSUHQGtDVLHWHHVSHFLDOLGDGHV(VSDxRO0DWHPiWLFD&LHQFLDV
QDWXUDOHV&LHQFLDVVRFLDOHV/HQJXDH[WUDQMHUD3HGDJRJtD\3VLFRORJtD
HGXFDWLYD&RPRVHREVHUYDKDEtDiUHDVHQOXJDUGHDVLJQDWXUDV
(OSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHODOLFHQFLDWXUDGHVHFXUVDHQRFKRVHPHVWUHV
&RQWHPSODGLH]HVSHFLDOLGDGHVTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDODVDVLJQDWXUDVDFDGpPLFDV
GHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHODVHFXQGDULD\DGLFLRQDOPHQWHXQDHVSHFLDOLGDGHQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
WHOHVHFXQGDULD/DVHVSHFLDOLGDGHVVRQ(VSDxRO0DWHPiWLFD%LRORJtD)tVLFD
4XtPLFD+LVWRULD*HRJUDItD)RUPDFLyQ&tYLFD\eWLFD/HQJXD([WUDQMHUD
,QJOpVR)UDQFpV\7HOHVHFXQGDULD
(OSHUOGHHJUHVRGHHVWHSODQGHHVWXGLRVVLQWHWL]DORVUDVJRVGHVHDEOHV
GHO IXWXUR PDHVWUR HQ FLQFR JUDQGHV FDPSRV KDELOLGDGHV LQWHOHFWXDOHV
HVSHFtFDVGRPLQLRGHORVSURSyVLWRV\FRQWHQLGRVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
FRPSHWHQFLDV GLGiFWLFDV LGHQWLGDG SURIHVLRQDO \ pWLFD \ FDSDFLGDG GH
SHUFHSFLyQ\UHVSXHVWDDODVFRQGLFLRQHVVRFLDOHVGHOHQWRUQRGHODHVFXHOD
(QHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVFDGDXQRGHHVWRVFDPSRVHVGHWDOODGRFRQSUHFLVLyQ
HQWpUPLQRVGHORVHOHPHQWRVTXHORVFRQJXUDQ
3DUDFXEULUHVWHSHUOHQHOSODQVHSURSRQHXQDOyJLFDGHRUJDQL]DFLyQ
GHORVFRQWHQLGRV\ODVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHHQHOPDSDFXUULFXODUVHSODVPDHQ
WUHVFDPSRVIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDOTXHFRUUHVSRQGHDWRGRSURIHVLRQDOGHOD
HQVHxDQ]DTXHUHDOL]DVXODERUHQODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWH
GHOQLYHOHQTXHWUDEDMHSUHHVFRODUSULPDULDVHFXQGDULDIRUPDFLyQFRP~QD
WRGRVORVOLFHQFLDGRVHQHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD\IRUPDFLyQHVSHFtFDUHIHULGD
DORVFRQWHQLGRVGLVFLSOLQDULRV\DODVFRPSHWHQFLDVGLGiFWLFDVUHTXHULGDVSRU
FDGDHVSHFLDOLGDG
/DIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDOUHHUHDOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHORVUHIHUHQWHVORVyFRV
OHJDOHVRUJDQL]DWLYRVGHSROtWLFDHGXFDWLYD\GHKLVWRULDGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
HQ0p[LFR6HFRPSOHPHQWDFRQDOJXQRVFRQWHQLGRVSHGDJyJLFRVJHQHUDOHV
5HSUHVHQWDGHORVHVSDFLRVFXUULFXODUHVGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV
/DIRUPDFLyQFRP~QSDUDWRGRVORVOLFHQFLDGRVHQVHFXQGDULDFRPSUHQGH
TXLQFHFXUVRVTXHHQIDWL]DQHQHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOGHVDUUROORGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV
\HOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQVXVGLIHUHQWHVDVSHFWRV
FXUULFXOXPHQVHxDQ]DHYDOXDFLyQ\JHVWLyQ5HSUHVHQWDGHORVHVSDFLRV
FXUULFXODUHVGHODOLFHQFLDWXUD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/DIRUPDFLyQHVSHFtFDFRUUHVSRQGHDODVDVLJQDWXUDVGHODVHFXQGDULD
\EXVFDDUWLFXODUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODVGLVFLSOLQDVDFDGpPLFDV\ORVFRQWH
QLGRVEiVLFRVDHQVHxDUHQVHFXQGDULDFRQODGLGiFWLFDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH6H
LQFOX\HQHVSDFLRVFXUULFXODUHVGHREVHUYDFLyQ\SUiFWLFDGRFHQWHHQFDGD
HVSHFLDOLGDG/DWRWDOLGDGGHODIRUPDFLyQHVSHFtFDVHFRQJXUDFRQFDWRUFH
FXUVRVVREUHFRQWHQLGRVGLVFLSOLQDULRV\FRPSHWHQFLDVGLGiFWLFDV\FXDWUR
FXUVRVGHREVHUYDFLyQ\SUiFWLFDGRFHQWH5HSUHVHQWDGHORVHVSDFLRV
FXUULFXODUHVGHODOLFHQFLDWXUD
(QODWHQGHQFLDGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHXQDDUWLFXODFLyQ\XQDWUDQVLFLyQ
SDXODWLQDHQWUHORWHyULFR\ORSUiFWLFRHQORVGRV~OWLPRVVHPHVWUHVGHOD
OLFHQFLDWXUDORVHVSDFLRVFXUULFXODUHVVRQRFXSDGRVSRUXQDSUiFWLFDLQWHQVLYD
IUHQWHDJUXSRHQFRQGLFLRQHVUHDOHVGHRSHUDFLyQ(VWDSUiFWLFDVHDUWLFXODD
XQWDOOHUGHGLVHxRGHSURSXHVWDVGLGiFWLFDV\DQiOLVLVGHOWUDEDMRGRFHQWH
6LVHWXYLHUDTXHFDUDFWHUL]DUVLQWpWLFDPHQWHHVWDOLFHQFLDWXUDKDEUtDTXH
KDFHUUHIHUHQFLDDWUHVDVSHFWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHODSURSXHVWD3ULPHURDVX
LQWHQFLyQGHXQDDUWLFXODFLyQGHOSHUOJHQHUDOFRQHOSHUOGHHVSHFLDOLGDGTXH
VHSODVPDHQXQHTXLOLEULRHQWUHIRUPDFLyQFRP~Q\IRUPDFLyQHVSHFLDOL]DGD
6HJXQGRODLQWHQFLyQDORODUJRGHWRGDODIRUPDFLyQGHODDUWLFXODFLyQ\
WUDQVLFLyQHQWUHWHRUtD\SUiFWLFD7HUFHURODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODFRQFHSFLyQ
GHOPDHVWURGHVHFXQGDULDGHXQHVSHFLDOLVWDGLVFLSOLQDULRKDFLDXQHGXFDGRU
GHDGROHVFHQWHVTXHHQVHxDFRQWHQLGRVGLVFLSOLQDULRV(VWR~OWLPRHQHOSODQGH
HVWXGLRVVHSODVPDHQODLPSRUWDQFLDRWRUJDGDDOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOGHVDUUROOR
GHORVDGROHVFHQWHV\DOpQIDVLVSXHVWRHQDUWLFXODUGRPLQLRGHOFRQWHQLGR
GLVFLSOLQDULRFRQHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVGLGiFWLFDVHVSHFtFDV3DUHFH
TXHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVSXGLHURQDSURYHFKDUVXH[SHULHQFLDDFXPXODGDHQ
ODUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
(VLPSRUWDQWHLQGLFDUTXHHVWDFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQKDFHUHIHUHQFLDVyORD
ORTXHVHSURSRQHHQHOGLVFXUVR\ODHVWUXFWXUDGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV1R
FRQRFHPRVHYDOXDFLRQHVGHVXSXHVWDHQSUiFWLFD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
(VLPSRUWDQWHVHxDODUDOJXQRVUHWRVTXHLPSOLFDODH[LVWHQFLDGHGRV
PRGDOLGDGHVHQODVTXHSXHGHFXUVDUVHODOLFHQFLDWXUDFXUVRVRUGLQDULRV\
FXUVRVLQWHQVLYRV
&XUVRVRUGLQDULRVHVHOSURJUDPDUHJXODUHVFRODUL]DGRTXHVHFXUVDHQ
RFKRVHPHVWUHVFRQDVLVWHQFLDHQDXODGHWUHLQWD\GRVKRUDVDODVHPDQD
GLVWULEXLGDVHQFLQFRGtDV/RVGRV~OWLPRVVHPHVWUHVVHFRQFHQWUDQHQOD
SUiFWLFDLQWHQVLYDHQFRQGLFLRQHVUHDOHVGHWUDEDMR/DSREODFLyQGHHVWRV
FXUVRVVRQHVWXGLDQWHVFRQEDFKLOOHUDWR6yORH[FHSFLRQDOPHQWHKD\PDHVWURV
HQVHUYLFLRRHVWXGLDQWHVFRQH[SHULHQFLDGRFHQWHSUHYLD
(QORVFXUVRVLQWHQVLYRVWDPELpQOODPDGDPRGDOLGDGPL[WDODPD\RUtD
GHORVDOXPQRVVRQPDHVWURVGHSUHHVFRODUSULPDULDRVHFXQGDULDHQVHUYLFLR
6XLQWHUpVHVREWHQHUHOJUDGRGHOLFHQFLDWXUDSDUDPHMRUDUVXVLQJUHVRVFRQ
FDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDORXQDQXHYDSOD]D/RVPDHVWURVDVLVWHQORVViEDGRV\
MRUQDGDVFRPSOHWDVGXUDQWHORVGLIHUHQWHVSHUtRGRVYDFDFLRQDOHVGXUDQWHGRFH
VHPHVWUHV(VWRVHVWXGLDQWHVHQWDQWRTXHODPD\RUtDVRQPDHVWURVHQVHUYLFLR
QRUHDOL]DQSUiFWLFDVLQWHQVLYDVHQFRQGLFLRQHVUHDOHVGHRSHUDFLyQ
/DPDWUtFXODWRWDOHQODVQRUPDOHVVXSHULRUHVHQHOFXUVRIXH
GHHVWXGLDQWHV\VHGLVWULEX\HHQSDUDFXUVRVLQWHQVLYRV\
SDUDFXUVRVRUGLQDULRV(QFXUVRVRUGLQDULRVGHODPDWUtFXODFRUUHVSRQGH
DLQVWLWXFLRQHVS~EOLFDVIHGHUDOHV\HVWDWDOHV\DSDUWLFXODUHVHQ
LQWHQVLYRVHQFDPELRFRUUHVSRQGHDODVS~EOLFDV\FRUUHVSRQGH
DODVSULYDGDV
+D\YDULDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVIDYRUDEOHVHQFXUVRVLQWHQVLYRVHQHVWD
PRGDOLGDGD~QHQODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVS~EOLFDVORVHVWXGLDQWHVSDJDQFXRWDV
\VRQDWHQGLGRVSRUPDHVWURVFRQWUDWDGRVSRUKRUDVSDUDLPSDUWLUDOJXQDV
DVLJQDWXUDV(OSURPHGLRGHDOXPQRVSRUJUXSRSDUDRUGLQDULRVHVGHPLHQWUDV
TXHSDUDLQWHQVLYRVHVGH3HURVREUHWRGRSDUHFHGLItFLOTXHORVPDHVWURV
HQVHUYLFLRSXHGDQFXPSOLUDGHFXDGDPHQWHFRQODFDUJDFXUULFXODUHQORV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
WLHPSRVGLVSRQLEOHV\PiVVLDJUHJDPRVORVSUREOHPDVGHWLHPSRWUDEDMR
WUDQVSRUWHVHWFGHHVRVPDHVWURV
/DPRGDOLGDGGHLQWHQVLYRVHVSRUXQODGRXQLQVWUXPHQWRLPSRUWDQWH
SDUDVXSHUDUODIDOWDGHIRUPDFLyQSUHYLDGHPXFKRVPDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULDHQ
VHUYLFLR3RURWURODGRTXHGDHOUHWRGHVXSHUDUODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVIDYRUDEOHV
GHDGHFXDUHOFXUULFXOXPDODVGLIHUHQWHVH[SHULHQFLDVSUHYLDV\GHLQVWUXPHQWDU
XQVLVWHPDGHUHYDOLGDFLRQHV\FHUWLFDFLRQHVGHODVKDELOLGDGHVDGTXLULGDV
HQODH[SHULHQFLDGRFHQWH
E /DDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVPDHVWURVHQVHUYLFLR
/DDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVPDHVWURVHQVHUYLFLRKDWHQLGRGRVPHFDQLVPRV
(OPHFDQLVPRTXHLPSOLFDDSUiFWLFDPHQWHWRGRVORVPDHVWURVVHGDDWUDYpV
GHORVOLEURVSDUDHOPDHVWURGHVHFXQGDULDTXHHQGLIHUHQWHVPRPHQWRV
IXHURQUHSDUWLGRVSRUOD6(3DWRGRVORVPDHVWURVTXHLPSDUWtDQODDVLJQDWXUD
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH(OVHJXQGRPHFDQLVPRHVDWUDYpVGHORVFXUVRV\WDOOHUHV
GHOSURJUDPDGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ
/LEURVSDUDHOPDHVWUR
$OLQLFLRGHOFLFORHVFRODUOD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
HGLWyODVHULHGHOLEURVSDUDORVPDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULD1RDSDUHFLHURQORV
GHDOJXQDVDVLJQDWXUDVFRPR+LVWRULD\&LYLVPR
(VWHHVIXHU]RHGLWRULDOPHUHFHHVSHFLDODWHQFLyQSRUTXHHVXQDGHODV
UHVSXHVWDVDODQHFHVLGDGGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHPDHVWURV(QHOFDVRGHORV
PDHVWURVGHHVFXHODVHFXQGDULDUHVXOWDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHLPSRUWDQWH%DVWD
UHFRUGDUTXHXQDSURSRUFLyQLPSRUWDQWHGHORVGRFHQWHVGHHVWHQLYHOQR
KDQUHFLELGRXQDIRUPDFLyQSHGDJyJLFDSDUDODSUiFWLFDGHODHQVHxDQ]DHQ
HVWHQLYHOVRQPDHVWURVTXHUHDOL]DQHOWUDEDMRDSDUWLUGHVXIRUPDFLyQHQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
DOJXQDGHODVGLVFLSOLQDVTXHFRQIRUPDQHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHODHVFXHOD
VHFXQGDULDLQJHQLHURVTXHLPSDUWHQ0DWHPiWLFDVR)tVLFDPpGLFRVTXH
LPSDUWHQ%LRORJtDHWF6RQPDHVWURVTXHVHKDQIRUPDGRDSDUWLUGHOHMHUFLFLR
GHODSUiFWLFD
/DHVWUXFWXUDFRP~QTXHVHDGRSWySDUDWRGRVORVOLEURVGRWDGHFRQ
VLVWHQFLDDODVHULH(VWDHVWUXFWXUDFRQWLHQHORVHOHPHQWRVHVHQFLDOHVTXH
FXDOTXLHUPDHVWURUHTXLHUHSDUDRULHQWDUVXSUiFWLFDHQIRTXHSURJUDPDVGH
HVWXGLRRULHQWDFLRQHVGLGiFWLFDV\GHHYDOXDFLyQ\VXJHUHQFLDVGHDFWLYLGD
GHVGHHQVHxDQ]D(QWpUPLQRVJHQHUDOHVSXHGHGHFLUVHTXHGHQWURGHHVWD
YtDGHORJHQHUDODORSDUWLFXODUGHVGHHOHQIRTXHKDVWDODVDFWLYLGDGHVGH
HQVHxDQ]DH[LVWHHQORVOLEURVXQEXHQQLYHOGHFRKHUHQFLDLQWHUQDDXQTXH
FRQGLIHUHQWHVORJURV
(QORVOLEURVVHSODQWHDTXHHOOLEURQRSUHWHQGHVHxDODUDOPDHVWUR
ORTXHGHEHKDFHUHQFDGDXQDGHVXVFODVHV6(3D/DLQWHQFLyQHV
RIUHFHUP~OWLSOHVDOWHUQDWLYDVSUiFWLFDVSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DTXHVHFRPELQHQ
FRQRWUDVSHURVREUHWRGRFRQODH[SHULHQFLD\ODFUHDWLYLGDGGHOPDHVWUR
6HSUR\HFWDPHMRUDUHVWRVOLEURVPHGLDQWHODVREVHUYDFLRQHV\SURSXHVWDVGH
ORVPDHVWURV
(OSURJUDPDQDFLRQDOGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ
/DDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHPDHVWURVGHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDVHUHDOL]DIXQGDPHQ
WDOPHQWHPHGLDQWH
&XUVRV(VWDWDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQSUHVHQFLDOHVGHDKRUDV
&XUVRV1DFLRQDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQDXWRGLGDFWDVGHKRUDVRPiV
\FRQH[DPHQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
$SUR[LPDGDPHQWH&HQWURVGH0DHVWURVHQHOSDtVRIUHFHQELEOLRWHFDV
PDWHULDOHVHGXFDWLYRVDFFHVRD,QWHUQHW\GDQDVHVRUtDDPDHVWURVFRPR
LQGLYLGXRVRJUXSRV
/DDFWXDOL]DFLyQHQVHUYLFLRKDWHQLGRXQLPSXOVRLPSRUWDQWHSRUOD
&DUUHUD0DJLVWHULDOXQSURJUDPDGHSURPRFLyQKRUL]RQWDOGHORVGRFHQWHV
GHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFDFRQEHFDVDGLFLRQDOHVDOVDODULRLQVWLWXLGRDSDUWLUGH
2SHUDPHGLDQWHXQVLVWHPDGHSXQWDMHVTXHFRQVLGHUDGLIHUHQWHV
DVSHFWRV'HORVSXQWRVDOFDQ]DEOHVVHSXHGHQREWHQHUSRUFXUVRV
GHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ
/RV7DOOHUHV*HQHUDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ7*$VRQXQLQVWLWXFLyQDQWLJXD
DFDUJRGHODODVDXWRULGDGHVIHGHUDOHV\VHUHDOL]DQFRPRLQGXFFLyQDOLQLFLR
GHDxRHVFRODU$QWHULRUPHQWHVHUHDOL]DEDQSRU]RQDVHVFRODUHVHQFDVFDGD
GHPXOWLSOLFDGRUHVFRQHVFDVRPDWHULDO'HVGHPHGLDGRVGHORVQRYHQWDORV
JHVWLRQDHO3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ3HUPDQHQWHGHORV0DHVWURV
GH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFDHQ6HUYLFLR3521$3FRQJXtDVGHWUDEDMRLPSUHVDV
SULPHURSRU]RQDVHVFRODUHV\GHVGHHODxRSRUHVFXHODFRQHOQGH
TXHORVSURIHVRUHVSXHGDQUHH[LRQDUHQWRUQRDXQDSUREOHPiWLFDHGXFDWLYD
FRP~Q\VREUHODEDVHGHHOORHVWDEOHFHUDFXHUGRVVREUHODVDFFLRQHVTXHOHV
FRUUHVSRQGHGHVDUUROODUSDUDIRUWDOHFHUDFDGpPLFDPHQWHDOFROHFWLYRGRFHQWH
\PHMRUDUVXWUDEDMRHQHODXOD7LHQHQXQFDUiFWHULQIRUPDWLYR\VXSURSyVLWR
HVGHWRQDURWURVSURFHVRVGHHVWXGLR\DSUHQGL]DMHFROHFWLYR/RVWHPDVYDUtDQ
SRUDxRHQORVSULPHURVDxRVGHODUHIRUPDVHRULHQWDEDQDFRQRFHUORVQXHYRV
PDWHULDOHVHGXFDWLYRV\ODJHQHUDFLyQGHHVWUDWHJLDVGLGiFWLFDV\SODQHVGH
FODVH/XHJRVHFHQWUDURQHQHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVFRPXQLFDWLYDVHQ
WRGDVODVDVLJQDWXUDV\HQHOFROHFWLYRHVFRODU$FWXDOPHQWHHVWiHQSURFHVR
ODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHHVWHSURJUDPDDORVHVWDGRV6HHVWLPDTXHGHORV
PDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULDPXFKRVFRQVyORDOJXQDVKRUDVGHFODVHHQGHWHUPLQDGD
HVFXHODSDUWLFLSDQHQWDOOHUHVJHQHUDOHV(QHOFDVRGHORVPDHVWURVGHSULPDUD
ODSDUWLFLSDFLyQHVGH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
/RV&XUVRV(VWDWDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQVXUJHQHQHQSDUDOHORFRQ
ODFDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDO6XVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRVRQGLVHxDGRV\RUJDQL]DGRV
SRUODVDXWRULGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVGHODVHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV6RQSUHVHQFLDOHV
FRQDVHVRU\GXUDQXQDVHPDQDGHDKRUDV6XFDOLGDGHVPX\YDULDEOH
WDQWRSRUVXVWHPDVFRPRSRUVXVPpWRGRV(QDOJXQRVHVWDGRVORVFRQVWUX\HQ
FRQEDVHHQODVGHPDQGDVGHORVPDHVWURVHQRWURVSUHGRPLQDQPRGDVHQWUH
ORVUHVSRQVDEOHVSRUHMHPSORSURJUDPDFLyQQHXUROLQJtVWLFD'HVGH
HO3521$3\ORVHVWDGRVKDQDYDQ]DGRHQODHODERUDFLyQFRQMXQWDGHXQD
QRUPDWLYLGDGQDFLRQDOSDUDHVWRVFXUVRV
/RV&XUVRV1DFLRQDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ&1$VHRIUHFHQGHVGH
\VRQGLVHxDGRV\JHVWLRQDGRVSRUHO3521$3(QHOFDVRGHORVPDHVWURV
GHVHFXQGDULDHVWiQRULHQWDGRVSULPRUGLDOPHQWHDIRUPDUORVHQODHQVHxDQ]D
GHODVDVLJQDWXUDV6HEXVFDXQDOWRGRPLQLRGHORVFRQWHQLGRVEiVLFRVGH
XQDDVLJQDWXUDHQWUHOD]DGRFRQORVHQIRTXHVSDUDVXHQVHxDQ]D'LYHUVDV
HYDOXDFLRQHVKDEtDQPRVWUDGRODVGHFLHQFLDVGHORVSURIHVRUHVHQHVWRVGRV
DVSHFWRV$FWXDOPHQWHHO3521$3FRQVLGHUDUHRULHQWDUSDUWHGHVXRIHUWD
HQHVWRVFXUVRVHQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQODUHIRUPDLQWHJUDOKDFLDHOHGXFDGRUGH
DGROHVFHQWHV6LHQGRXQRGHORVJUDQGHVSUREOHPDVGHPXFKRVSURIHVRUHVOD
UHODFLyQFRQORVDOXPQRVVHHVWiHODERUDQGRXQFXUVRVREUHODFRQVWUXFFLyQ
GHDPELHQWHVSDUDHOWUDEDMRFRQDGROHVFHQWHV$VLPLVPRHO3521$3EXVFD
HQIDWL]DUHOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVWUDQVYHUVDOHVHQWRGDVODVDVLJQDWXUDV\
KDGLVHxDGRXQFXUVRVREUHFRPSHWHQFLDVFRPXQLFDWLYDV6(3F(
/RVFXUVRVVRQEiVLFDPHQWHDXWRGLGiFWLFDV\DTXHVHVXVWHQWDQHQHO
PDQHMRGHXQSDTXHWHGLGiFWLFRFRQIRUPDGRSRUXQDJXtDGHWUDEDMR\XQ
YROXPHQGHOHFWXUDV5HTXLHUHQGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHKRUDVGHDXWRHVWXGLR
(QORV&HQWURVGH0DHVWURVSXHGHQREWHQHUDVHVRUtD&DGDPDHVWURWLHQH
KDVWDWUHVRSRUWXQLGDGHVSDUDH[DPLQDUVH
'HDPDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULDGHORV
GRFHQWHVGHVHFXQGDULDVHLQVFULELHURQDXQRRPiVFXUVRVFRQXQWRWDOGH
LQVFULSFLRQHVPDHVWURVGHOWRWDOGHPDHVWURVGH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
VHFXQGDULDVHSUHVHQWDURQDH[DPHQHQSURPHGLRFDGDPDHVWURSUHVHQWy
H[iPHQHVDSUREyHOFXUVR\QRORDSUREy$FUHGLWDURQ
FXDQGRPHQRVXQH[DPHQSURIHVRUHVGHORVPDHVWURVGHVH
FXQGDULD
'DGRTXHQRKXERFXUVRVSDUD+LVWRULD)RUPDFLyQFtYLFD\pWLFD
(GXFDFLyQItVLFD(GXFDFLyQDUWtVWLFD\(GXFDFLyQWHFQROyJLFDVLVHFRQVLGHUDQ
VyORODVHVSHFLDOLGDGHVSDUDODVTXHVtKXERFXUVRVHOSDQRUDPDHVPHMRU/DV
SURSRUFLRQHVGHORVPDHVWURVTXHDSUREDURQHOFXUVRUHVSHFWRDODSREODFLyQ
GRFHQWHWRWDOGHFDGDHVSHFLDOLGDGHVODVLJXLHQWH%LRORJtD*HRJUDItD
(VSDxRO)tVLFD4XtPLFD/HQJXDH[WUDQMHUD
\0DWHPiWLFD
(QHOSULPHUFXUVRQDFLRQDOSDUDGLUHFWLYRVGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
GHGLUHFWRUHVVHSUHVHQWDURQDOH[DPHQ\DSUREDURQHO
H[DPHQGHORVGLUHFWRUHV
/RVFXUVRVQDFLRQDOHVGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQWUDWDQORVWHPDVFRQJUDQSUR
IXQGLGDG\UHTXLHUHQXQWUDEDMRVXVWDQFLDOGHORVPDHVWURV1RWRGRVKDQ
GHVDUUROODGRODFDSDFLGDGGHDXWRHVWXGLR(QRWURVFDVRVODVFRQGLFLRQHVGH
WUDEDMRGLFXOWDQODDSUREDFLyQGHORVFXUVRVHVHOFDVRGHORVTXHWLHQHQ
YDULRVHPSOHRVKRUDVFODVHHQGLIHUHQWHVHVFXHODVREOLJDFLRQHVFRQHOWUDEDMR
GRPpVWLFR\ODDWHQFLyQDVXVQLxRVVREUHWRGRHQHOFDVRGHODVPDHVWUDV
8QSUREOHPDDGLFLRQDOHVTXHODDVHVRUtDHQORV&HQWURVGH0DHVWURVQR
SDUHFHVHUODPiVDGHFXDGDGDGDVODVFDUHQFLDVGHIRUPDFLyQGHDOJXQRVGH
ORVDVHVRUHV
(VWRV FXUVRV VRQ LPSRUWDQWHV SDUD FDUUHUD PDJLVWHULDO FDGD FXUVR
SXHGHSURSRUFLRQDUKDVWDSXQWRV/RVSXQWRVRWRUJDGRVWLHQHQFRPR
UHTXLVLWRODDFUHGLWDFLyQ\HOSXQWDMHVHRWRUJDGHDFXHUGRDODSURSRUFLyQGH
UHVSXHVWDVDFHUWDGDV/DPD\RUtDVyORREWLHQHSXQWRVSRUFXUVR/RVFXUVRV
QDFLRQDOHVFRPSLWHQHQGHVYHQWDMDFRQORVFXUVRVHVWDWDOHVGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ
TXHVHRIUHFHQHQXQDVHPDQDGHQWURGHOFDOHQGDULRHVFRODUVRQSUHVHQFLDOHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
FXHQWDQFRQXQIDFLOLWDGRU\RWRUJDQSXQWRVDFUHGLWDQGRODSUHVHQFLD/D
PD\RUGHVFHQWUDOL]DFLyQGHOVHUYLFLRGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQDFWXDOPHQWHHQPDUFKD
HQIUHQWDHOSUREOHPDSURGXFWRGHODFHQWUDOL]DFLyQSRUFDVLXQVLJORGHTXH
QRHQWRGRVORVHVWDGRVKD\SHUVRQDOWpFQLFRDGHFXDGR6(3F
8QUHWRLPSRUWDQWHSDUDORJUDUODIRUPDFLyQHQODVHVFXHODVHVGHFLU
HQORVFHQWURVGHWUDEDMRGHPDQHUDFROHJLDGDHVPHMRUDUHOVHUYLFLRGH
VXSHUYLVLyQ\DVHVRUtD+R\HQGtDGHDFXHUGRDODHVWDGtVWLFDGHEHUtDH[LVWLU
XQIXHUWHVHUYLFLRGHDSR\RWpFQLFRSHGDJyJLFR3HURHQODUHDOLGDGHVFRODUQR
HVDVt\DTXHHVXQVHUYLFLRVLQQRUPDWLYLGDGVLQGHQLFLyQGHVXVIXQFLRQHV
\HODFFHVR\ODSHUPDQHQFLDGHOSHUVRQDOVHULJHSRUFULWHULRVGHDXWRULGDG
\SUHVLRQHVVLQGLFDOHV
&RQFOXVLRQHVEDODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYD
GHODVUHIRUPDV
(OUXEURIXQGDPHQWDOFRQUHVSHFWRDOQLYHOVHFXQGDULRHQHO3URJUDPD
1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQHVODUHDOL]DFLyQGHOD5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGH
OD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULDTXHLPSOLFDXQDDUWLFXODFLyQGHWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV
HQYDULRViPELWRV7UHVGHHVRViPELWRVDQDOL]DGRVHQHVWHWUDEDMRVRQORV
PiVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDPHMRUDUODHQVHxDQ]DHOFXUUtFXORODJHVWLyQHVFRODU
\ODIRUPDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVPDHVWURV
$OFRPSDFWDUODVDVLJQDWXUDV\UHGXFLUHOQ~PHURGHFXUVRVODQXHYD
SURSXHVWDFXUULFXODUSURSLFLDXQPHMRUDPLHQWRDXQTXHD~QLQVXFLHQWH
UHVSHFWRDODIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHOWLHPSR\HOHVIXHU]RGHORVPDHVWURV\ORV
HVWXGLDQWHV(VSUREDEOHTXHODLQWHUDFFLyQPiVSURORQJDGDGHORVGRFHQWHV
FRQ FDGD JUXSR JHQHUH XQ PD\RU FRQRFLPLHQWR GH FDGD PDHVWUR GH ODV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOPLVPR\SHUPLWDXQDDWHQFLyQPiVSHUVRQDOL]DGDGHORV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
HVWXGLDQWHV8QDUHODFLyQPDHVWURDOXPQRFRQHVWRVDWULEXWRVDUWLFXODGDDXQD
PHQRUIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHOVDEHUSUREDEOHPHQWHLPSOLFDUiXQDWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ
GHODGLQiPLFDHVHQFLDOPHQWHDGDSWDWLYDGHORVDOXPQRVTXHHVODTXHKR\
SUHYDOHFHHQODVHVFXHODV
/DVLQWHQFLRQHVGHORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRGHHQIDWL]DUHQODVFRPSH
WHQFLDVSDUDODYLGDGHLGHQWLFDUORVFRQFHSWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHV\GHLQFRUSRUDU
ORVDYDQFHVGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQGLGiFWLFDVHVSHFtFDVSXHGHQVLJQLFDUXQD
FRQGLFLyQGHSRVLELOLGDGPiVDGHFXDGDSDUDODIRUPDFLyQGHODVFRPSHWHQFLDV
EiVLFDVQHFHVDULDVSDUDHODSUHQGL]DMHDORODUJRGHODYLGDTXHODTXHH[LVWH
FRQHOFXUULFXOXPGH(QHVWHSODQRVRQSDUWLFXODUPHQWHLQWHUHVDQWHV\
QRYHGRVDVODVSURSXHVWDVGLGiFWLFDVSDUD(VSDxRO\0DWHPiWLFDGHODQXHYD
UHIRUPDFXUULFXODU
/DKHWHURJHQHLGDGGHVHFWRUHVVRFLDOHVTXHDWLHQGHODVHFXQGDULDHVXQR
GHORVSULQFLSDOHVSUREOHPDVSDUDORJUDUODSHUWLQHQFLDGHORVFRQWHQLGRV\ODV
SUiFWLFDVGHHQVHxDQ]D+R\HQGtDHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODPXOWLFXOWXUDOLGDG
GHEHVHUXQDFRQVLGHUDFLyQHVHQFLDOSDUDODHODERUDFLyQGHFXDOTXLHUFXUULFXOXP
GHHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD(QQXHVWURSDtVSRUODVSURSRUFLRQHVGHSREODFLyQ
LQGtJHQDHVD~QPiVLPSRUWDQWH(QODQXHYDSURSXHVWDFXUULFXODUSDUHFH
QRWHQHUSHVRHVWDFRQVLGHUDFLyQ\DTXHQRKD\XQDUHVSXHVWDDGHFXDGDHQ
WpUPLQRVGHXQDPD\RURSWDWLYLGDGHQHOSODQGHHVWXGLRV(VVLJQLFDWLYRTXH
ORVSURJUDPDVGLULJLGRVDVHFWRUHVUXUDOHVHQSREODFLRQHVSHTXHxDVRDDGXOWRV
VHDQORVTXHKDQUHDOL]DGRDOJXQRVFDPELRVWUDWDQGRGHDGHFXDUHOFXUULFXOXP
\ODVIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODHQVHxDQ]DDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHVSHFtFDV
GHHVDVSREODFLRQHV6HUtDLPSRUWDQWHUHFXSHUDUHVDVH[SHULHQFLDVSDUDUHDOL]DU
DGHFXDFLRQHVTXHIDYRUH]FDQDRWURVVHFWRUHVFRQPiVSHVRFXDQWLWDWLYRSRU
HMHPSORVHFWRUHVXUEDQRPDUJLQDGRVRSREODFLRQHVLQGtJHQDV
(OSURSyVLWRGHFRQYHUWLUODVHFXQGDULDHQXQDHVFXHODSDUDORVDGROHVFHQWHV
QRVHSHUODHQHOQXHYRSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHELGRDVXLQH[LELOLGDG6LJXH
KDELHQGRXQSUHGRPLQLRGHODVGLVFLSOLQDVDFDGpPLFDVVLELHQVHDQXQFLDTXH
HQORVFRQWHQLGRV\DFWLYLGDGHVKDEUipQIDVLVHQORVGLIHUHQWHViPELWRVGH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
YLGDQRSDUHFHIDFWLEOHTXHFRQHOORVHDVXFLHQWHSDUDFUHDUHVSDFLRVSDUD
HOGHVDUUROORFUHDWLYRGHODVFXOWXUDVMXYHQLOHV
/DVQXHYDVWHFQRORJtDVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRPXQLFDFLyQKDQWHQLGR
XQSULPHULPSDFWRPDVLYRHQHOFDVRGHODWHOHVHFXQGDULD\FRPLHQ]DQD
GLIXQGLUVHHQODVHVFXHODVJHQHUDOHV\WpFQLFDVSRUHMHPSORPHGLDQWHHO
SURJUDPDGH6HFXQGDULD;;,/DH[SHULHQFLDD~QHVUHFLHQWH\HOGHVDUUROOR
LQFRQFOXVR/DSURSXHVWDGHFRQVLGHUDUWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWHHVWDVWHFQRORJtDVHQ
ODQXHYDSURSXHVWDFXUULFXODUSUREDEOHPHQWHWHQGUiXQLPSDFWRLPSRUWDQWH
HQHOFDPELRGHOSDSHOGHOGRFHQWHGHHQVHxDQWHGHGLVFLSOLQDVDHGXFDGRU
GHDGROHVFHQWHV
+R\H[LVWHXQJUDQFRQVHQVRUHVSHFWRGHODSURSXHVWDGHJHVWLyQGHO
3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQGHUHIRUPDUHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR
SDUDJDUDQWL]DUXQDSROtWLFDFHQWUDGDHQHODXOD\ODHVFXHOD/DSUHPLVD
IXQGDPHQWDOSDUDHOORHVODSRVLELOLGDGGHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGRGHORVPDHVWURV
GHFDGDSODQWHOSDUDODFRQVWUXFFLyQ\SXHVWDHQSUiFWLFDGHXQSUR\HFWRHVFRODU
SRUHVFXHOD(QHVWHiPELWRQRH[LVWHQDYDQFHVLPSRUWDQWHV\DTXHXQDGHORV
PD\RUHVOLPLWDQWHVVHHQFXHQWUDHQODVDFWXDOHVHVWUXFWXUDV\PHFDQLVPRVGH
JHVWLyQ\DGPLQLVWUDFLyQ(OSUREOHPDIXQGDPHQWDOUHHUHDODVHVWUXFWXUDVGH
FRQWUDWDFLyQGHORVSURIHVRUHVFRQVXDOWRSRUFHQWDMHGHSHUVRQDOFRQWLHPSRV
SDUFLDOHV\HQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVFRQHOWLHPSRFRPSURPHWLGRFDVLHQ
VXWRWDOLGDGSDUDHVWDUIUHQWHDJUXSR(OHTXLSRWpFQLFRGHOD6XEVHFUHWDULD
GH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD\1RUPDOHQODSUHVHQWDFLyQTXHUHDOL]yGHODSURSXHVWD
GHUHIRUPDVHxDOyTXHHQDOJXQDVHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDKD\SURSRUFLRQHV
LPSRUWDQWHV GH SURIHVRUHV FRQ VXILFLHQWHV WLHPSRV GH GHVFDUJD SDUD HO
WUDEDMRH[WUDFODVH\FROHJLDGRSHURTXHQRVHXVDSDUDWDOHVQHVVLQRTXH
ODPD\RUtDGHORVPDHVWURVORFRQVLGHUDQFRPRWLHPSROLEHUDGR\ORXWLOL]DQ
GLVFUHFLRQDOPHQWHIUHFXHQWHPHQWHSDUDRWURVHPSOHRVTXHFRPSOHPHQWDQ
VXEDMRVDODULR
&DPELDUHVWDVHVWUXFWXUDVUHTXLHUHGHPD\RUQDQFLDPLHQWR\ODV
DFWXDOHVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHOSUHVXSXHVWRS~EOLFRQRVRQSURPLVRULDVDGHPiV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
GHQHJRFLDFLRQHVFRQXQRGHORVDFWRUHVSULQFLSDOHVGHOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYR
HO6LQGLFDWR1DFLRQDOGH7UDEDMDGRUHVGHOD(GXFDFLyQ/DQHJRFLDFLyQVH
KDYXHOWRPiVFRPSOHMDHQHOFRQWH[WRGHODIHGHUDOL]DFLyQHGXFDWLYDWDQWR
ODFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDOQDQFLDPLHQWRHQWUHODIHGHUDFLyQ\ORVHVWDGRVFRPR
ODTXHVHUHHUHDODUHODFLyQODERUDO/DIHGHUDOL]DFLyQDEUHODSRVLELOLGDGGH
QHJRFLDFLyQSURGXFWLYDHQDOJXQRVHVWDGRV6LQHPEDUJRHQODPD\RUtDGHORV
HVWDGRVODQHJRFLDFLyQSXHGHVHUREVWDFXOL]DGD/DLPEULFDFLyQGHHVWUXFWXUDV
DGPLQLVWUDWLYDV\HVWUXFWXUDVVLQGLFDOHV\HOSRGHUGHODVGLUHFFLRQHVVLQGLFDOHV
SURWHFWRUDVGHOVWDWXVHQHVRVHVWDGRVVHSXHGHQFRQYHUWLUHQREVWiFXORVSDUD
ODQHJRFLDFLyQ
(VWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDFHQLPSUREDEOHTXHODJHVWLyQHVFRODUFHQWUDGDHQ
ODHVFXHODVHFRQYLHUWDHQUHDOLGDG/DLPSRVLELOLGDGGHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGRGH
ORVPDHVWURVKDFHTXHODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQSUR\HFWRHVFRODUSRUSODQWHOQR
FXPSODODIXQFLyQSDUDODTXHVHSODQWHyHVHSURJUDPD(OHMHPSORGHRSHUDFLyQ
GHHVWHSURJUDPDHQHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDOFRUURERUDHVWHDUJXPHQWR
5HVSHFWRDODIRUPDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHPDHVWURV\GLUHFWLYRVKD\
DYDQFHVLPSRUWDQWHVFRQUHODFLyQDODVLWXDFLyQDQWHULRUHQYDULRVSODQRV
&RQODQXHYD/LFHQFLDWXUDHQ(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULDGHVHVXSHUDOD
LQFRQJUXHQFLDH[LVWHQWHKDVWDHVHPRPHQWRFRQHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVDQWHULRU
8QDYDQFHLPSRUWDQWHHVWDPELpQTXHH[LVWDXQDFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDGHORV
SURJUDPDVGHIRUPDFLyQLQLFLDO\DFWXDOL]DFLyQVREUHODFRQFHSFLyQGHOPDHVWUR
FRPRHGXFDGRUGHDGROHVFHQWHVTXHHQVHxDFRQWHQLGRVGLVFLSOLQDULRV(QHVWH
iPELWRODSURSXHVWDGHDFHUFDUODDFWXDOL]DFLyQDODHVFXHODWRSDFRQYDULRV
REVWiFXORV(OPiVLPSRUWDQWHHVODGHVLJXDOGDGUHJLRQDOGHORVHTXLSRV
WpFQLFRVUHVSRQVDEOHVGHODFDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDOODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHGRFHQWHV
\GHODDVHVRUtDSHGDJyJLFDHQODVHVFXHODV&DVLXQVLJORGHFHQWUDOL]DFLyQ
KDOLPLWDGRHOGHVDUUROORGHHTXLSRVFDOLFDGRVHQODPD\RUtDGHORVHVWDGRV
SHURVREUHWRGRHQORVHVWDGRVPDVSREUHV(VLQGLVSHQVDEOHDYDQ]DUHQOD
IRUPDFLyQ\FRQVROLGDFLyQGHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVHVWDWDOHV(OSUR\HFWR
5HQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYDGHODVHVFXHODVS~EOLFDVGHHGXFDFLyQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
VHFXQGDULDHVXQEXHQHMHPSORGHFyPRDYDQ]DUHQHVWHSURFHVRVLQHPEDUJR
SDUHFHSRFRSUREDEOHTXHHVHSUR\HFWRVHSXHGDPDVLFDU
8QDYLVLyQJOREDOVREUHHODYDQFHGHODUHIRUPDLQWHJUDOGHODVHFXQGDULD
HQODDFWXDODGPLQLVWUDFLyQJXEHUQDPHQWDOTXHHVWiDODPLWDGGHVXJHVWLyQ
HVTXHHOSURFHVRKDVLGROHQWR&RQHOORSRUHMHPSORHOQXHYRSODQGH
HVWXGLRVLQLFLDUiVXRSHUDFLyQVyORXQDxRDQWHVGHTXHFRQFOX\DODDFWXDO
DGPLQLVWUDFLyQJXEHUQDPHQWDO
'HVGHHOLQLFLRGHODDFWXDODGPLQLVWUDFLyQJXEHUQDPHQWDOVHFRQWDED
FRQXQGLDJQyVWLFRSUHFLVRGHORVSUREOHPDVGHHVWHQLYHOHGXFDWLYR\HQOD
6XEVHFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD\1RUPDOH[LVWtDQORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRV
\ODH[SHULHQFLDDFDGpPLFD\RSHUDWLYDGHDOWRQLYHOSDUDUHDOL]DUODUHIRUPD
FRQPD\RUGLQiPLFD(VSRVLEOHTXHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHVWUDWpJLFDVSODQWHDGDV
SDUDODUHIRUPDHVWpQLQX\HQGRHQODOHQWLWXGGHOSURFHVRODUHIRUPDLQWHJUDO
SDUWLFLSDWLYDHLQFOX\HQWHJUDGXDOVXVWHQWDGDHQLQIRUPDFLyQ\TXHFRQVLGHUD
ODGLYHUVLGDG/RPiVSUREDEOHHVVLQHPEDUJRTXHHQODLQWHQFLyQGHHYLWDU
FXDOTXLHUFRQLFWRSROtWLFRVHKD\DQH[WUHPDGRORVFXLGDGRVFRQDOJXQRVGH
HVRVDWULEXWRVSODQWHDGRVSDUDODUHIRUPD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
%LEOLRJUDItD
%21,//$ (OLVD 5HIRUPD \ FDOLGDG GH OD HGXFDFLyQ EiVLFD HO
SDSHOGHOFXUUtFXOR\GHORVPDWHULDOHVGLGiFWLFRVHQODDGTXLVLFLyQ
GHFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVHQ6(30HPRULDGHO4XHKDFHU(GXFDWLYR
0p[LFR9RO6(3
%5$6/$96.<&HFLOLD7KHVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQFXUULFXOXPLQ/DWLQ
$PHULFD1HZWHQGHQFLHVDQGFKDQJHV*HQHYD,QWHUQDWLRQDO%XUHDX
RI(GXFDWLRQ81(6&2,QIRUPHQDOGHOVHPLQDULR7KHVHFRQGDU\
HGXFDWLRQ FXUULFXOXP LQ /DWLQ$PHULFD WKH YLHZV RI VSHFLDOLVWV
RUJDQL]DGRSRUHO,QWHUQDWLRQDO%XUHDXRI(GXFDWLRQ\FHOHEUDGRHQHO
,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHIRU(GXFDWLRQDO3ODQQLQJ%XHQRV$LUHV$UJHQWLQD
\GHVHSWLHPEUHGH
&0$5$ *DEULHO \ 'DOLOD /3(= 7UHV DxRV GH 3RVSULPDULD
&RPXQLWDUD5XUDO0p[LFR&21$)(6(3
&$1('2&DWDOLQD/RVVDEHUHV\FRQFHSFLRQHVGHORVPDHVWURVGH
HGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD7HVLVGHPDHVWUtD',(&,19(67$90p[LFR
&$5,2/$/HRQRUHWDO/DHGXFDFLyQPHGLDHQHOPXQGR(VWUXFWXUD
\GLVHxRFXUULFXODUHQGLIHUHQWHVSDtVHV6DQWLDJRGH&KLOH0LQLVWHULR
GH(GXFDFLyQ
&$675(-1$SROR\(GXDUGR*$5&,$0DWHPiWLFDV7HUFHUFXUVR
(GXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD0p[LFR(GLWRULDO6DQWLOODQD
&21$)(6HFXQGDULDFRPXQLWDULDUXUDO0p[LFR&RQVHMR1DFLRQDO
GH)RPHQWR(GXFDWLYR
'$=0yQLFD/DVHVWUDWHJLDVGHHQVHxDQ]DHQODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULD
7HVLVGHPDHVWUtD',(&,19(67$90p[LFR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
)$/&10DUWKDHWDO&RQGLFLRQHVHQTXHVHUHDOL]DODHQVHxDQ]D
VHFXQGDULD'RVHVWXGLRVGHFDVR&LXGDG9LFWRULD7DPDXOLSDV0p[LFR
6(3&21$&\7
)8(17(62ODF/DHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDFDPELRV\SHUVSHFWLYDV
HQ/DHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDFDPELRV\SHUVSHFWLYDV0p[LFR,QVWLWXWR
(VWDWDOGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFDGH2D[DFD
*,0(12-RVp(OFXUUtFXOXPXQDUHH[LyQVREUHODSUiFWLFD0DGULG
(GLFLRQHV0RUDWD
*8(55(52 (OVD /D HVFXHOD FRPR HVSDFLR GH YLGD MXYHQLO
'LPHQVLRQHVGHXQHVSDFLRGHIRUPDFLyQSDUWLFLSDFLyQ\H[SUHVLyQGH
ORVMyYHQHVHQ5HYLVWD0H[LFDQDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD0p[LFR
9RO1RSS
+(511'(=*UHJRULR&RQFHSFLRQHV\SUiFWLFDVSHGDJyJLFDV
VREUHOHFWXUD\HVFULWXUDHQODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULD0p[LFR,6&((0
&21$&\7
/2<2$XURUD/DVLURQtDVGHODPRGHUQL]DFLyQHOFDVRGHO617(
HQ/2<2$XURUDFRRUG/RVDFWRUHVVRFLDOHV\ODHGXFDFLyQ0p[LFR
81$03OD]D\9DOGpV
0$<25*$9LFHQWH$QiOLVLVGHOLEURVGHWH[WRGHKLVWRULDGH0p[LFR
7HVLVGHPDHVWUtD',(&,19(67$90p[LFR
3,(&.(QULTXH/DSRVSULPDULDFRPXQLWDULDUXUDOGHO&21$)(
SUHVHQWDGRHQHO6HPLQDULR5HJLRQDO(VWUDWHJLDVDOWHUQDWLYDVGHHGXFDFLyQ
\IRUPDFLyQSDUDQLxRV\MyYHQHVGHVIDYRUHFLGRVRUJDQL]DGRSRUHO
,,3(MXQWRFRQHO,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH$SUHQGL]DMHGH&RVWD5LFD,1$
DOGHQRYLHPEUHGH6DQ-RVpGH&RVWD5LFD
48,52=5DIDHO(OPDHVWUR\HOVDEHUHVSHFLDOL]DGR0p[LFR',(
&,19(67$9
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
48,52=5DIDHO2EVWiFXORVSDUDODDSURSLDFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRV
DFDGpPLFRVHQODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULDHQ5HYLVWD,QIDQFLD\$SUHQGL]DMH
0DGULG1RSS
48,52=5DIDHO/DVFRQGLFLRQHVGHSRVLELOLGDGGHDSUHQGL]DMHGH
ORVDGROHVFHQWHVHQODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD7HVLVGRFWRUDGR',(
&,19(67$90p[LFR
48,52=5DIDHO7HOHVHFXQGDULDORVHVWXGLDQWHV\ORVVHQWLGRVTXH
DWULEX\HQDDOJXQRVGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHOPRGHORSHGDJyJLFRHQ5HYLVWD
0H[LFDQDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD0p[LFR1R&20,(SS
5(<(60DUFRV/DGHVFHQWUDOL]DFLyQHGXFDWLYDHQ%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
HQ1XHYD$QWURSRORJtD0p[LFR9RO;,;1RDEULO(1$+
SS
6$1'29$/(WHOYLQD/DWUDPDGHODHVFXHODVHFXQGDULDLQVWLWXFLyQ
UHODFLRQHV\VDEHUHV0p[LFR3OD]D\9DOGpV8QLYHUVLGDG3HGDJyJLFD
1DFLRQDO
6$1726$QQHWWH2SRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDVHQWHOHVHFXQGDULD\
IDFWRUHVTXHODVFRQGLFLRQDQHQ5HYLVWD/DWLQRDPHULFDQDGH(VWXGLRV
(GXFDWLYRV0p[LFR9RO;;;,1RSS
6(3$FXHUGR1DFLRQDOSDUDOD0RGHUQL]DFLyQGHOD(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD
0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
6(3D/H\*HQHUDOGH(GXFDFLyQ0p[LFRGHMXOLRGH
'LDULR2FLDOGHOD)HGHUDFLyQ
6(3E3ODQ\SURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR6HFXQGDUtD0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtD
GH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
6(3D/LEURSDUDHOPDHVWUR6HFXQGDULD(VSDxRO0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtD
GH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODUHIRUPD
GHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
6(3F5HQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYDGHODVHVFXHODV3~EOLFDV
GHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
GRFXPHQWRLQWHUQR
6(3D)LFKDWpFQLFDGHOD5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD
0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFDGRFXPHQWRLQWHUQR
6(3E3UR\HFWR(VFRODU,QIRUPHGHDFWLYLGDGHV$JRVWR0p[LFR
6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
6(3F&XUVRV1DFLRQDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ([iPHQHVGHDFUHGLWDFLyQ
FLFORHVFRODU0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
'RFXPHQWR LQWHUQR GHO 3URJUDPD 1DFLRQDO SDUD OD$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
3HUPDQHQWHGHORV0DHVWURVGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFDHQ6HUYLFLR
6(3G3URJUDPDHVFXHODVGHFDOLGDG1XHYRVHQIRTXHVQXHYDVVROXFLRQHV
$YDQFHVDGLFLHPEUHGH0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
GRFXPHQWRLQWHUQR
7</(55DOSK3ULQFLSLRVEiVLFRVGHOFXUUtFXOR%XHQRV$LUHV(GLFLRQHV
7URTXHO
5HIHUHQFLDVGH,QWHUQHW
3UR\HFWR6(&KWWSVHFLOFHHGXP[PHQXKWPO
3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOSDUDOD$FWXDOL]DFLyQ3HUPDQHQWHGHORV0DHVWURVGH
(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFDHQ6HUYLFLRKWWSSURQDSLOFHHGXP[
5HIHUHQFLDVGHHQWUHYLVWDV
((QWUHYLVWDFRQODPDHVWUD$QD0DUtD&DPSX]DQR6XEGLUHFWRUDGHOD
&RRUGLQDFLyQ6HFWRULDOGH(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULDGHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
((QWUHYLVWDFRQHOPDHVWUR&XDXKWpPRF*XHUUHUR&XDGURWpFQLFRGHOD
'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYDGHOD6(%\1LQWHJUDQWHGHO
HTXLSRHQFDUJDGRGHOSUR\HFWR5HQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYD
GHODVHVFXHODVS~EOLFDVGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
((QWUHYLVWDFRQ$OED0DUWtQH]2OLYp&RRUGLQDGRUD*HQHUDOGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
\&DSDFLWDFLyQGH0DHVWURVHQ6HUYLFLR
((QWUHYLVWDFRQHOPDHVWUR$UPDQGR6iQFKH]&XDGURWpFQLFRGHOD
6XEVHFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ%iVLFD\1RUPDOLQWHJUDQWHGHOHTXLSR
HQFDUJDGRGHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODU
((QWUHYLVWDDXQ$VHVRUWpFQLFRSHGDJyJLFRGHXQDHVFXHODVHFXQGDULD
JHQHUDOGHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
(GXDUGR:HLVV
'RFWRUHQ&LHQFLDV6RFLDOHVSRUOD8QLYHUVLGDG(UODQJHQ$OHPDQLD
,QYHVWLJDGRUGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV',(GHO
&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\GH(VWXGLRV$YDQ]DGRVGHO,31&,19(67$9
0p[LFR0LHPEURGHO6LVWHPD1DFLRQDOGH,QYHVWLJDGRUHV\GHO&RQVHMR
0H[LFDQRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD6XVOtQHDVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
DFWXDOHVVRQ,QYHVWLJDFLyQGHOD,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD\-yYHQHV\
EDFKLOOHUDWR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
&DStWXOR,,,
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
HQ0p[LFR
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
VDWLVIDFFLyQGHODGHPDQGD\GLVWULEXFLyQ
GHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHGXFDWLYDV
8QRGHORVQLYHOHVHGXFDWLYRVTXHKDUHJLVWUDGRPD\RUH[SDQVLyQHQODV
~OWLPDVGpFDGDVKDVLGRODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD(VWDVHKDTXLQWXSOLFDGR
HQWUH\(QHOPLVPRODSVRODSREODFLyQGHOSDtVVHGXSOLFy
DXQTXHHQOD~OWLPDGpFDGDHOFUHFLPLHQWRSREODFLRQDOVHKDGHVDFHOHUDGR/D
SREODFLyQHQORVUDQJRVGHHGDGTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
\PHGLDVXSHULRUGRFHDTXLQFH\TXLQFHDGLHFLRFKRDxRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
VHHQFXHQWUDDFWXDOPHQWHHQVXVQLYHOHVPiVDOWRVGLFKDVFLIUDVHPSH]DUiQD
GLVPLQXLUHQODVSUy[LPDVJHQHUDFLRQHVSHURQRDVtHOQ~PHURGHPDWULFXODGRV
DQLYHOQDFLRQDOSRUODVPHMRUDVHQHOHJUHVRGHODSULPDULD
(QHOHVWDGRDVXPLyODREOLJDWRULHGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
GHWUHVJUDGRVTXHVHFXUVDGHVSXpVGHOORVVHLVJUDGRVGHSULPDULDFRPR
SDUWHGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD'HOFLFORHVFRODUDOGHOD
PDWUtFXODFUHFLy\DOFDQ]yDOXPQRV/DDWHQFLyQDODGHPDQGD
GHHJUHVDGRVGHODSULPDULDVHHOHYyGHHQDHQ(OtQGLFH
(VWHGRFXPHQWRUHDOL]DXQDVtQWHVLVLQWHJUDGRUDGHORVGRFXPHQWRVGH4XLUR]\:HLVV
\6DQWRVGHO5HDODPERVSUHVHQWHVHQHVWHYROXPHQ
(O DXWRU GHO SUHVHQWH DUWtFXOR (GXDUGR:HLVV VH GHVHPSHxD FRPR LQYHVWLJDGRU GHO
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV',(GHO&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ\GH
(VWXGLRV$YDQ]DGRVGHO,31&,19(67$90p[LFR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
GHGHVHUFLyQWHPSRUDORGHQLWLYDHPSHRUyOLJHUDPHQWHGHHQHOFLFOR
HVFRODUDHQ(OtQGLFHGHHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOHQ
ORVWUHVDxRVUHJODPHQWDULRVHUDGHHQ'HDFXHUGRFRQHO
FHQVRGHODxRDGROHVFHQWHVHQWUHGRFH\TXLQFHDxRVGHHGDG
GHOWRWDOGHSREODFLyQHQHVHJUXSRQRHVWDEDQDVLVWLHQGRDODHVFXHOD
\GHHOORVWUHVFXDUWDVSDUWHVQRWHQtDQJUDGRDOJXQRGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
/RVSUREOHPDVGHH[WUDHGDG\GHVHUFLyQHQSULPDULDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQ]RQDV
UXUDOHVLQFUHPHQWDQHOUH]DJRH[LVWHQWHHQVHFXQGDULD
/D H[SDQVLyQ GH OD VHFXQGDULD HQWUH \ VH ORJUy SRU XQ
LQFUHPHQWRGHODPDWULFXODHQYHLQWHGHORVWUHLQWD\GRVHVWDGRVFRQPD\RU
UH]DJR&KLDSDV\4XLQWDQD5RRUHJLVWUDURQXQFUHFLPLHQWRGH6yORHQ
HO'LVWULWR)HGHUDOVHREVHUYDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQFHUFDQDD(QWUHODVWUHV
PRGDOLGDGHVGHVHFXQGDULDODJHQHUDOFUHFLyODWpFQLFD\OD
WHOHVHFXQGDULD(QGHORVDOXPQRVHVWDEDQLQVFULSWRV
HQVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVHQWpFQLFDV\HQWHOHVHFXQGDULDV'HOD
PDWUtFXODGHOQLYHOVHXELFDEDHQHVFXHODVSULYDGDV
/DVWUHVPRGDOLGDGHVWUDEDMDQFRQHOPLVPRPRGHORFXUULFXODU/DV
VHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDVDXPHQWDQODFDUJDFXUULFXODUGHWUHVKRUDVGHDFWLYLGDGHV
WHFQROyJLFDVSDUDWRGDVODVHVFXHODVKDVWDRFKRGRFHRGLHFLVpLVKRUDVVHPDQDOHV
VHJ~QUDPD,QGXVWULDO\GHVHUYLFLRV$JURSHFXDULD\3HVTXHUD\FXHQWDQ
FRQWDOOHUHV
/DVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVFUHDGDVHQVHGLVWLQJXHQGHODVJHQHUDOHV\
WpFQLFDVSRUTXHIXQFLRQDQFRQXQVRORPDHVWURSRUJUDGRTXLHQVHFRQYLHUWH
HQRULHQWDGRUGHODSUHQGL]DMHGHORVDOXPQRV6HDSR\DQHQSURJUDPDVGH
WHOHYLVLyQWUDQVPLWLGRVSRUYtDGHOVDWpOLWHHGXFDWLYR\HQPDWHULDOHVLPSUHVRV
GHDXWRHVWXGLR(VWDKDVLGRODPRGDOLGDGGLVSRQLEOHSDUDOOHYDUODVHFXQGDULD
DSREODFLRQHVSHTXHxDVGLVSHUVDV\OHMDQDVGHODSREODFLyQYLYHHQ
ORFDOLGDGHVUXUDOHVFRQPHQRVGHKDELWDQWHVHQVXPD\RUSDUWH
HQ]RQDVPRQWDxRVDVGRQGHQRVHUtDIDFWLEOHOOHYDUHOPRGHORGHODVRWUDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
GRVPRGDOLGDGHVEDVDGRHQPDHVWURVHVSHFLDOLVWDVSDUDFDGDDVLJQDWXUD
GDGRVORVHOHYDGRVFRVWRVTXHHOORLPSOLFDUtD(OKHFKRGHTXHGHODV
WHOHVHFXQGDULDVGHOSDtVDWLHQGHQDPHQRVGHFLQFXHQWD\XQDOXPQRVPXHVWUD
HOHVIXHU]RGHOHVWDGRSRUDWHQGHUDODVSREODFLRQHVSHTXHxDV\GLVSHUVDV6LQ
HPEDUJRODUiSLGDH[SDQVLyQGHODVPLVPDVKDOOHYDGRWDPELpQDYHUVLRQHV
HPSREUHFLGDVGHOPRGHOR$~QQRVHKDQKHFKRORVDMXVWHVQHFHVDULRVSDUDOD
VLWXDFLyQGHPXOWLJUDGRGRQGHXQSURIHVRUWLHQHTXHWUDEDMDUFRQGRV
GHODVHVFXHODVRWUHVJUDGRVGHODVHVFXHODVDODYH]
$SHVDUGHORVHVIXHU]RVGHDWHQFLyQHGXFDWLYDODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVVLJXHQ
GHVLJXDOPHQWHGLVWULEXLGDVHQWUHHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDVSREODFLRQHVXUEDQDV
\UXUDOHV\VHFWRUHVVRFLDOHV3RUHMHPSORPLHQWUDVTXHHQHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
VyORGHORVMyYHQHVGHTXLQFHDxRVQRDVLVWHDODHVFXHOD\GHHOORV
QRFXHQWDFRQJUDGRDOJXQRGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ&KLDSDVWDOHV
SURSRUFLRQHVVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGH\/DVLWXDFLyQGHUH]DJR
HVSDUWLFXODUPHQWHJUDYHHQWUHORVMyYHQHVLQGtJHQDVGHORVKDEODQWHVGH
OHQJXDVLQGtJHQDVGHTXLQFHDxRVHQQRDVLVWLyDODHVFXHOD
\QRDVLVWLyDODSRVSULPDULDODGLIHUHQFLDLQGLFDTXHPXFKRVD~Q
FXUVDQODSULPDULDPLHQWUDVHQODSREODFLyQKLVSDQRKDEODQWHODVFLIUDV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVHUDQGH\(VDHVWHVHFWRUGHODSREODFLyQ
FRQPXFKDVIDPLOLDVTXHVRQDODYH]MRUQDOHURVDJUtFRODVPLJUDQWHVTXHVH
UHTXLHUHSUHVWDUPiVDWHQFLyQ
(QFDPELRODVLWXDFLyQGHODVPXMHUHVKDPHMRUDGRQRWDEOHPHQWH
$XQTXHHQSURPHGLRQDFLRQDOFRQWLQ~DQWHQLHQGRPHQRUSRVLELOLGDGTXHORV
KRPEUHVGHDFFHGHUDODVHFXQGDULDXQDYH]QDOL]DGDODSULPDULDHQWUHODV
SREODFLRQHVPDUJLQDGDVORVSDWURQHVFXOWXUDOHVVLJXHQGDQGRSUHIHUHQFLDDOD
HVFRODUL]DFLyQGHORVYDURQHVODGHVHUFLyQHVPHQRUSDUDODVPXMHUHV
FRQWUDGHORVYDURQHVGHPDQHUDTXHHQWHUFHUJUDGRGHVHFXQGDULDHO
Q~PHURGHPXMHUHVHUDOLJHUDPHQWHPD\RUTXHHOGHYDURQHVHQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
2SRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMH
FDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
'LIHUHQWHVSUXHEDVFRPRHO3UR\HFWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOSDUDOD3URGXFFLyQGH
,QGLFDGRUHVGH5HVXOWDGRV(GXFDWLYRVGHORV$OXPQRV3,6$ORV(VWiQGDUHV
1DFLRQDOHV \ HO ([DPHQ GH ,QJUHVR D OD (GXFDFLyQ 6XSHULRU PXHVWUDQ
FRQVLVWHQWHPHQWHTXHODPD\RUtDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVWLHQHQDSHQDVQLYHOHV
VXFLHQWHVGHGHVHPSHxRPX\SRFRVDOFDQ]DQQLYHOHVDOWRV\SURSRUFLRQHV
VXVWDQFLDOHVQRORJUDQODVFRPSHWHQFLDVHVSHUDGDV(VDODUPDQWHODGLVWDQFLD
HQORVQLYHOHVGHFRPSUHQVLyQGHOHFWXUDGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHTXLQFHDxRV
HQUHODFLyQFRQORVQLYHOHVDOFDQ]DGRVHQORVSDtVHVGHVDUUROODGRVSHUROR
HVD~QPiVHOKHFKRGHTXHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVPH[LFDQRVVyORSXHGH
UHVROYHUWDUHDVSRFRFRPSOHMDVGHOHFWXUD\QLVLTXLHUDORJUDHVHQLYHO
(VGHFLUVHKDORJUDGRPHMRUDUODXQLYHUVDOL]DFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
SHURHOORQRKDJDUDQWL]DGRDSUHQGL]DMHVHIHFWLYRV
/DV RSRUWXQLGDGHV GH DSUHQGL]DMH VRQ DGHPiV GHVLJXDOHV (OOR VH
UHODFLRQDFRQIDFWRUHVVRFLRHFRQyPLFRV\FXOWXUDOHVSRUHMHPSORODOOHJDGD
GHFXOWXUDHVFULWDHQODVFRPXQLGDGHVUXUDOHVGLVSHUVDVHVUHFLHQWH\PXFKRV
HVWXGLDQWHVVRQORVSULPHURVHQVXIDPLOLDTXHOOHJDQDVXSHUDUORVSULPHURV
DxRVGHSULPDULDSHURWDPELpQPXHVWUDTXHODRIHUWDHVFRODUQRKDSRGLGR
FRPSHQVDUODVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVXFLHQWHPHQWH'HORVHVWXGLDQWHVTXHVHXELFDQ
HQRSRUGHEDMRGHOSULPHUQLYHOGHFRPSUHQVLyQGHOHFWXUDVLHWHGHFDGDGLH]
WLHQHQPDGUHVTXHQRIXHURQDODHVFXHODRVyORWHUPLQDURQODSULPDULD'H
ORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHWHUFHUJUDGRTXHDVLVWHQDVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVVH
XELFDOHMRVRPX\OHMRVGHOHVWiQGDUGH(VSDxROHQODVHVFXHODVWpFQLFDVOD
SURSRUFLyQHVPD\RU\FRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHPiVDOWDHQODWHOHVHFXQGDULD
(QODVHVFXHODVSULYDGDVVyORGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHWHUFHUJUDGR
HVWiQOHMRVRPX\OHMRVGHOHVWiQGDUHQ(VSDxRO/DVHVFXHODVS~EOLFDVQR
WLHQHQDFWXDOPHQWHODFDSDFLGDGGHFRPSHQVDUVXFLHQWHPHQWHODVGLVWDQFLDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
HQWUHODVFRPSHWHQFLDVTXHSURYHHQODVFXOWXUDVIDPLOLDUHVGHORVGLIHUHQWHV
VHFWRUHVVRFLDOHV
'LIHUHQWHVHVWXGLRVFRPRORVGH4XLUy]\:HLVV\6DQWRV
DPERVHQHVWHYROXPHQPXHVWUDQTXHKD\JUDYHVGHFLHQFLDVHQOD
HQVHxDQ]D(QODVPRGDOLGDGHVJHQHUDOHV\WpFQLFDVSRUHMHPSORVHHQVHxD
(VSDxROSUHIHUHQWHPHQWHDSDUWLUGHODPHPRUL]DFLyQ\DSOLFDFLyQGHUHJODV
JUDPDWLFDOHVHQFDVLWRGDVODVPDWHULDVKD\XQDVREUHFDUJDGHFRQWHQLGRV
HQFLFORSpGLFRV\ORVDOXPQRVYLYHQXQDH[SHULHQFLDHVFRODUIUDJPHQWDGD
7UDEDMDQ SRU GtD VLHWH DVLJQDWXUDV GH FLQFXHQWD PLQXWRV FRQ GLIHUHQWHV
PDHVWURVSDVDQGRODUJRVWLHPSRVHQWRPDUDSXQWHV\UHVROYLHQGRHMHUFLFLRV
RFXHVWLRQDULRV/DQRUPDWLYLGDGGHH[iPHQHVELPHVWUDOHVOOHYDDORVDOXPQRV
DDSUHQGHUSDUDSDVDUSUXHEDV\GHVSXpVROYLGDUORHVWXGLDGR
/DVLWXDFLyQHVGLIHUHQWHHQODVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVGRQGHKD\XQVROR
PDHVWURSRUJUXSRSDUDRULHQWDUDORVDOXPQRVHQWRGDVODVDVLJQDWXUDV\GRQGH
ORVDOXPQRVHVWXGLDQSRUFXHQWDSURSLDXWLOL]DQGRORVPDWHULDOHVLPSUHVRV
HODERUDGRVSRUHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVGHOD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD/RV
SUREOHPDVDKtVRQRWURVSRUHMHPSORHOXVRGHODWHOHYLVLyQHQKRUDULRVMRV
LPSRQHULJLGH]KD\IDOWDGHFDSDFLGDGGHORVPDHVWURVSDUDDFODUDUGXGDV
GHDSUHQGL]DMHGHORVDOXPQRVH[LVWHQSUREOHPDVORJtVWLFRVHQDOJXQDV
]RQDVODVHxDOGHOVDWpOLWHQROOHJDORVHTXLSRVHVWiQGHVFRPSXHVWRVRQR
OOHJDQVXFLHQWHVJXtDVDGHPiVHQGHODVHVFXHODVLPSHUDODVLWXDFLyQ
PXOWLJUDGR6LQHPEDUJRHQFRORQLDVSRSXODUHVGRQGHKD\XQPDHVWURSRU
JUDGRWUDEDMDQGRFRQJUXSRVSHTXHxRV\GRQGHQRKD\SUREOHPDVGHORJtVWLFD
ORVDOXPQRVLQVFULWRVHQODVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVVHH[SUHVDQSRVLWLYDPHQWHVREUH
VXH[SHULHQFLDHVFRODUFRPSDUiQGRODFRQVXH[SHULHQFLDSURSLDHQRWUDV
VHFXQGDULDVRFRQODGHVXVKHUPDQRV\DPLJRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
'LPHQVLRQHVTXHFRQGLFLRQDQODHQVHxDQ]D
/DVLWXDFLyQGHVFULWDVHUHODFLRQDFRQGLIHUHQWHVDVSHFWRVGHODRIHUWD
HVFRODUWDQWRHQVXGLPHQVLyQFXUULFXODUFRPRHQVXGLPHQVLyQGHJHVWLyQ
\FRQODVHOHFFLyQIRUPDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHSURIHVRUHV
(QODGLPHQVLyQFXUULFXODUGHVWDFDQ
(OSUHGRPLQLRGHODVGLVFLSOLQDVDFDGpPLFDVGHOVLJOR;,;ODVDWXUDFLyQ
GHFRQWHQLGRV\ODIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHOWLHPSRHVFRODU
/DIDOWDGHGHQLFLyQGHFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVSDUDODYLGDHVSHFLFDV
GHODVHFXQGDULD\VXWUDQVSRVLFLyQDGLGiFWLFDVHVSHFLDOHV
/DLQH[LELOLGDGGHOFXUUtFXOXPTXHVHH[SUHVDHQODDXVHQFLDGHWLHPSRV
RSWDWLYRV\WLHPSRVSDUDDFWLYLGDGHVH[WUDFXUULFXODUHVGHLQWHUpVSDUD
ORVMyYHQHVDGROHVFHQWHV
/DHVFDVDUHQRYDFLyQGHODVGLGiFWLFDVHQORVOLEURVGHWH[WRFRPHUFLDOHV
VLHQGRORVOLEURVGHWH[WRPiVTXHORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRODVJXtDV
FXUULFXODUHVTXHGHPDQHUDHIHFWLYDXVDQORVPDHVWURV
(QODGLPHQVLyQGHJHVWLyQVREUHVDOHQ
/DIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHOWUDEDMRGHSURIHVRUHVHQGLIHUHQWHVHVFXHODVHO
DOWRQ~PHURGHKRUDVIUHQWHDOJUXSR\HOKHFKRGHTXHFXDQGRKD\
WLHPSRVGHVHUYLFLRQRIUHQWHDJUXSRpVWRVQRVHXVDQSDUDHOWUDEDMR
SHGDJyJLFRFROHJLDGR
/DHVFXHODQRIXQFLRQDFRPRXQDXQLGDGHGXFDWLYDHQODTXHGLUHFWLYRV
\PDHVWURVFRPSDUWHQODYLVLyQ\ODVPHWDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/D UHODFLyQ HQWUH OD HVFXHOD \ ODV IDPLOLDV VH OLPLWD D DVXQWRV GH
FRRSHUDFLyQQDQFLHUDDODHQWUHJDGHODVFDOLFDFLRQHVELPHQVXDOHV\
DUHSRUWHVVREUHODGLVFLSOLQDGHORVDOXPQRV
(OHMHUFLFLRGHODIXQFLyQGLUHFWLYDVHFRQFHQWUDHQODDWHQFLyQGHDVXQWRV
GHRUGHQDGPLQLVWUDWLYR(ODFFHVR\SHUPDQHQFLDHQFDUJRVGLUHFWLYRV
HVSRUFXPSOLPLHQWRIRUPDOGHFLHUWDVWDUHDV\UHODFLRQHVSHUVRQDOHV
VLQGLFDOHVSROtWLFDVQRSRUUHQGLFLyQGHFXHQWDV
(VWDVVLWXDFLRQHVVHUHODFLRQDQDVXYH]FRQ
/DVFRQGLFLRQHVGHFRQWUDWDFLyQGHSURIHVRUHVFRQWLHPSRVSDUFLDOHV
\ PHGLRV WLHPSRV$O QDO GHO FLFOR HVFRODU GH ORV
SURIHVRUHV GH VHFXQGDULDV JHQHUDOHV HVWDED FRQWUDWDGR SRU KRUDV
PLHQWUDV TXH HQ ODV VHFXQGDULDV WpFQLFDV HUD SRFR PiV GH OD FXDUWD
SDUWH
5HTXHULPLHQWRVEXURFUiWLFRVH[FHVLYRVGHODVLQVWDQFLDVVXSHULRUHVH
LQVXFLHQWHDWHQFLyQDDVSHFWRVSHGDJyJLFRV
/DLQVXFLHQWHSUHSDUDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVGH
ORVQLYHOHVLQWHUPHGLRV\VREUHWRGRHQORVHVWDGRVPiVSREUHV
(QODIRUPDFLyQ\DFWXDOL]DFLyQGHSURIHVRUHVGHVWDFDQ
/DFRQWUDWDFLyQGHSURIHVRUHVGHODVPiVGLYHUVDVOLFHQFLDWXUDVPXFKDV
YHFHVVLQHOSHUOGLVFLSOLQDULR\VLQIRUPDFLyQSUHYLDFRPRGRFHQWHV\
VLQLQGXFFLyQPDVDOOiGHODRIHUWDJHQHUDOGHFXUVRVGHDFWXDOL]DFLyQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
PRGDOLGDGHVLQWHQVLYDVSDUDPDHVWURVHQVHUYLFLRVLQODVDGHFXDFLRQHV
FXUULFXODUHVQHFHVDULDV
'LIHUHQWHVSURJUDPDV\ODDFWXDO5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD6HFXQGDULD
EXVFDQVXSHUDUHVWRVSUREOHPDV$QDOL]DUHPRVVXVDOFDQFHV
/DDGHFXDFLyQFXUULFXODU
$OGHFODUDUVHREOLJDWRULDODVHFXQGDULDHQVHEXVFyDUWLFXODUODPHMRU
FRQODSULPDULD6LQHPEDUJRVHUHJUHVyDXQSODQGHRQFHDVLJQDWXUDVHQ
HODQWHULRUODVHVFXHODVSRGtDQRSWDUHQWUHXQSODQGHDVLJQDWXUDV\XQSODQ
GHiUHDV(QORVHQIRTXHVGHODVDVLJQDWXUDVVHORJUyLQWURGXFLUODFRQVLJQD
GHUHGXFLUFRQWHQLGRV\GHUHODFLRQDUORVFRQORVLQWHUHVHV\ODYLGDFRWLGLDQD
GHORVHVWXGLDQWHVDVtFRPRHOpQIDVLVHQFRPSHWHQFLDVLQWHOHFWXDOHVSRU
HMHPSORUHVROXFLyQGHSUREOHPDV\FRPSHWHQFLDFRPXQLFDWLYD(OFDPELR
GHHQIRTXHQROOHJyDFRQFUHWDUVHHQORVSURJUDPDV\HQORVFRQWHQLGRV\
PpWRGRVGHORVOLEURVGHWH[WRGHPD\RUXVRGHELGRDTXHVHDFWXyFRQVXPD
SUHPXUDHQVyORXQDxRVHFDPELDURQHOSODQ\ORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR\
VHDSUREDURQORVOLEURVGHWH[WRFRPHUFLDOHV
(O3URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ6(3UHFRQRFH
HVWDVGHFLHQFLDV'HQWURGHOD3ROtWLFDGHDUWLFXODFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
VHSODQWHDQGRVSURJUDPDVSULRULWDULRVUHIHULGRVDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
HOGH5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULD\HO)RUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHO
6HUYLFLRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ7HOHVHFXQGDULD6HHVSHFLFDTXHSDUDKDEUi
TXHFRQWDUFRQXQDSURSXHVWDGHUHQRYDFLyQFXUULFXODUWDQWRSHGDJyJLFD\
RUJDQL]DWLYDSDUDODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDTXHWHQJDHQFXHQWDODVQHFHVLGDGHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
GHORVDGROHVFHQWHV\TXHJHQHUHRSRUWXQLGDGHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHTXHSHUPLWDQ
HOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHKDELOLGDGHVEiVLFDV\VXSHULRUHVQHFHVDULDVSDUDVHJXLU
DSUHQGLHQGRDORODUJRGHODYLGD
/DQXHYDSURSXHVWDGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVTXHDFWXDOPHQWHHVUHYLVDGDSRU
GLIHUHQWHVDXWRULGDGHV\HVSHFLDOLVWDVVHSODQWHDFRPRXQDMXVWHGHOSODQGH
HVWXGLRVGHVHEXVFDTXHHOFXUULFXOXPVHDXQGLVSRVLWLYRGHFDPELRGH
ODRUJDQL]DFLyQHVFRODU(OQXHYRSODQFRQVHUYDODHVWUXFWXUDSRUDVLJQDWXUDV
DFWXDOSHURGLVPLQX\HODIUDJPHQWDFLyQFRQUHVSHFWRDOGHDOLPSDUWLU
SRUHMHPSOR%LRORJtD)tVLFD\4XtPLFDVyORHQXQJUDGRHVFRODUFDGDXQD
'HRQFHRGRFHFXUVRVSRUJUDGRHQHOSODQGHVHSDVDDQXHYHRGLH]
SRUJUDGRHQHOGH$GHPiVVHUHFRPHQGDUiDODVHVFXHODVFRPSDFWDU
KRUDVGXUDQWHODVHPDQDSRUHMHPSORHQOXJDUGHFXDWURVHVLRQHVGHFLQFXHQWD
PLQXWRVGRVVHVLRQHVGHXQDKRUDFXDUHQWD&RQHVWDPRGLFDFLyQVHORJUDUi
TXHORVDOXPQRVWHQJDQPHQRVGRFHQWHV\ORVGRFHQWHVPHQRVDOXPQRVORTXH
VLJQLFDUtDXQDPHQRUIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHOWLHPSR\GHOHVIXHU]RGHDPERV(VWR
HVXQDFRQGLFLyQIDYRUDEOHSHURVLJXHVLHQGRFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRLQVXFLHQWH
SRUORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVHGXFDWLYRV
$HOORVHDJUHJDTXHHQODSURSXHVWDDFWXDOQRTXHGDHVSDFLRSDUDWLHPSRV
RSWDWLYRV\ODVDFWLYLGDGHVH[WUDFXUULFXODUHVTXHSRGUtDQRULHQWDUVHDDWHQGHU
ORVLQWHUHVHVGHORVMyYHQHVD~QQRWLHQHQWLHPSRVSUHYLVWRV&RQHOORHO
SUHVXQWRYLUDMHKDFLDXQDHVFXHODSDUDORVDGROHVFHQWHVTXHGDVLQSUHFLVLyQ
'LIHUHQWHVHVWXGLRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV\QDFLRQDOHVHQIDWL]DQODLPSRUWDQFLDGH
TXHODVHVFXHODVVHDFHUTXHQDODVFXOWXUDOHVMXYHQLOHV\IRPHQWHQVXFDSDFLGDG
GHFRQVWLWXLUVHHQXQHVSDFLRMXYHQLO
(OSODQGHHVWXGLRVSURSRQHGHQXHYRDVHJXUDUODUHOHYDQFLD\SHUWLQHQFLD
GHORVFRQWHQLGRVPHGLDQWHODXELFDFLyQGHORVFRQFHSWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGH
FDGDGLVFLSOLQD\VXGHVDUUROORHQVLWXDFLRQHVSHUWLQHQWHV$ODYH]HQIDWL]D
HOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVLQWHOHFWXDOHVEiVLFDVTXHHVWDYH]IXHURQ
HVSHFLFDGDVSDUDHOQLYHOGHVHFXQGDULD(QHOiPELWRGHORVSURJUDPDVVH
ORJUyXQDYDQFHVXVWDQWLYRHQ(VSDxRO\0DWHPiWLFD(Q(VSDxROODRULHQWDFLyQ
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
IXQGDPHQWDOFRQVLVWHHQRUJDQL]DUODHQVHxDQ]DGHVGHHOHQIRTXHFRPXQLFDWLYR
HQWRUQRDWUHViPELWRVGHSUiFWLFDVVRFLDOHVGHXVRGHOOHQJXDMHSUiFWLFDVFRQ
QHVGHHVWXGLRSUiFWLFDVYLQFXODGDVDODOLWHUDWXUDSUiFWLFDVGHSDUWLFLSDFLyQ
FLXGDGDQD(Q0DWHPiWLFDVHSODQWHDODLQWHJUDFLyQGHODHQVHxDQ]DHQWRUQR
DOGHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVLQWHOHFWXDOHVSDUDSODQWHDU\UHVROYHUSUREOHPDV
VLWXDGRVHOpQIDVLVHQODFDSDFLGDGGHSODQWHDUSUREOHPDV\GHHQVD\DU
VXVROXFLyQFRQHVWUDWHJLDVSURSLDVDQWHVGHDFFHGHUDODVIRUPDOL]DFLRQHV
PDWHPiWLFDVHVXQRGHORVDYDQFHVLQWHUHVDQWHVGHODGLGiFWLFDHQ0DWHPiWLFD
IUDQFHVD\PH[LFDQD(QODVRWUDVDVLJQDWXUDVVLELHQKD\PiVFRKHUHQFLD
HQWUHHQIRTXHV\FRQWHQLGRVQRVHREVHUYDXQDYDQFHVLPLODUHQDOJXQRV
FDVRVLQFOXVRSDUHFHTXHHQOXJDUGHHOLPLQDUFRQWHQLGRVVXWUDWDPLHQWRVyOR
VHFRPSULPLyHQXQWLHPSRPHQRU
3DUDPHMRUDUORVOLEURVGHWH[WRFRPHUFLDOHVSULQFLSDOJXtDGHORVPDHVWURV
FRPRPXHVWUDQGLIHUHQWHVHVWXGLRVVHWLHQHFRQWHPSODGRUHDOL]DUHQHQHUR
GHWDOOHUHVFRQDXWRUHVGHOLEURVGHWH[WR(OWLHPSRGHHODERUDFLyQ
GLVSRQLEOHVLQHPEDUJRHVRWUDYH]PX\FRUWR4XHGDUiHOUHWRGHPHMRUDUORV
SRVWHULRUPHQWH
+D\TXHGHVWDFDUTXHODVWHFQRORJtDVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRPXQLFDFLyQ
VHLQFOX\HQFRPRHMHWUDQVYHUVDO(OHQIRTXHPXOWLFXOWXUDOWDPELpQVHUiXQ
HMHWUDQVYHUVDOGLULJLGRDWRGDODSREODFLyQ6LQHPEDUJRD~QQRVHSUHYpHO
HVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHPRGDOLGDGHVHVSHFtFDVSDUDORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDV\HO
UROGHODVOHQJXDVQRHVFODUR
3RURWURODGRHVLQWHUHVDQWHREVHUYDUTXHORVSURJUDPDVGLULJLGRVD
SREODFLRQHVUXUDOHVGLVSHUVDVFRPRODSRVSULPDULDUXUDO\ODVHFXQGDULD
FRPXQLWDULD \ WDPELpQ HO VLVWHPD GH HGXFDFLyQ GH DGXOWRV KDQ KHFKR
DGHFXDFLRQHVPXFKRPiVIXHUWHVHQVXGLPHQVLyQGHJHVWLyQ\FXUULFXODU
$GHPiVGHDSR\DUVHHQPHWRGRORJtDVGHDXWRDSUHQGL]DMH\HQSURJUDPDV
HQYLDGRVSRUHOVDWpOLWHHGXFDWLYRUHRUJDQL]DQ\FRPSDFWDQORVFRQWHQLGRV
DOUHGHGRUGHWHPDVPiVFHUFDQRVDORVLQWHUHVHVGHORVXVXDULRVSRUHMHPSOR
ODVGLIHUHQWHVDVLJQDWXUDVGHFLHQFLDVHQPyGXORVGH6DOXG\DPELHQWH8QD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
LQQRYDFLyQLPSRUWDQWHVRQWDPELpQVXVVLVWHPDVGHDFUHGLWDFLyQH[LEOH
TXH SHUPLWHQ DFUHGLWDU OD VHFXQGDULD SRU H[iPHQHV ILQDOHV HQ iUHDV GH
FRQRFLPLHQWR
)LQDOPHQWHHVLPSRUWDQWHPHQFLRQDUHOSUR\HFWRGH6HFXQGDULD6LJOR
;;,TXHSURSRQHTXHODVHVFXHODVLQFRUSRUHQVLVWHPiWLFDPHQWHHOXVRGH
WHFQRORJtDVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRPXQLFDFLyQ3URSRUFLRQDHTXLSDPLHQWRTXH
SHUPLWHDORVXVXDULRVDFFHGHUDO,QWHUQHW\DWUHVFRPSRQHQWHVLPSRUWDQWHV
GHODSODWDIRUPDHOHFWUyQLFDHGXFDWLYDQDFLRQDOODUHGVDWHOLWDO('86$7OD
UHGLQIRUPiWLFD5('(VFRODU\HODFFHVRHOHFWUyQLFRDOD9LGHRWHFD1DFLRQDO
HQFRQVWUXFFLyQ7DPELpQVHLQFRUSRUDQRWUDVWHFQRORJtDVFRPRSRUHMHPSOR
FDOFXODGRUDVJUiFDVSDUDODHQVHxDQ]DGH0DWHPiWLFD\XQVLPXODGRUGH
VLWXDFLRQHVH[SHULPHQWDOHVHQHODXODGH)tVLFD(OSUR\HFWRD~QRSHUDHQ
SRFDVHVFXHODVDXQTXHDEDUFDODVWUHLQWD\GRVHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDV6XSXHVWD
HQSUiFWLFDSHUPLWHDOVLVWHPDHGXFDWLYRQDFLRQDODFXPXODUH[SHULHQFLDVHQ
HVWDVWHFQRORJtDVTXHWHQGUiQTXHHVWDUSUHVHQWHVHQODVHVFXHODVSDUDSRGHU
SDUWLFLSDUHQODVRFLHGDGJOREDOGHFRQRFLPLHQWR
,QQRYDFLRQHVHQODGLPHQVLyQGHJHVWLyQ
$OLJXDOTXHHQRWURVSDtVHVHQ0p[LFRVHEXVFDPHMRUDUODJHVWLyQ
HGXFDWLYDDOIRUWDOHFHUODFRPXQLGDGHGXFDWLYDHQHOiPELWRGHFDGDHVFXHOD
'HWUHVSURJUDPDVDQDOL]DGRVHO3UR\HFWR(VFRODUHQHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO
PXHVWUDORVSHOLJURVTXHFRQOOHYDXQDLPSODQWDFLyQPDVLYD\HQFDVFDGD
ODSURSXHVWDIXHWUDQVIRUPDGDHQHOSURFHVR\ODPD\RUtDGHODVHVFXHODVOR
WUDWDURQFRPRXQUHTXLVLWRPiVTXHODDXWRULGDGVROLFLWDED\TXHKDEtDTXH
FXPSOLUIRUPDOPHQWH6yORXQDSDUWHSHTXHxDGHODVHVFXHODVHVWDEOHFLHURQ
DFXHUGRV\DFWXDURQFRQIRUPHDHOORV(O3URJUDPDGH(VFXHODVGH&DOLGDG
HOSURJUDPDIHGHUDOPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHODSUHVHQWHDGPLQLVWUDFLyQWLHQHOD
YHQWDMDGHRIUHFHUDODVHVFXHODVSDUWLFLSDQWHVXQLQFHQWLYRQDQFLHURSDUD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
LQIUDHVWUXFWXUD\PHMRUDVVHJ~QSODQHVGHWUDEDMRDQXDOHVHQXQSUR\HFWRGH
PHGLDQRSOD]R&RQHOORGHOHJDSDUWHGHOSRGHUGHGHFLVLyQDODVHVFXHODV
+DVWDHOPRPHQWRHOSURJUDPDIXQFLRQDVyORHQODVWHOHVHFXQGDULDVGRQGHHO
Q~PHURGHSURIHVRUHVHVUHGXFLGR\pVWRVWLHQHQSOD]DVGHWLHPSRFRPSOHWR
(OSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQDFFLyQ5HQRYDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD\RUJDQL]DWLYD
GHODVHVFXHODVS~EOLFDVGHHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDFHQWUDGRHQHOWUDEDMR
FROHJLDGRGHORVSURIHVRUHVKDSRGLGRVHQVLELOL]DUDHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVHQ
TXLQFHHVWDGRVSHURDODYH]KDHQFRQWUDGRFRQGLFLRQHVGLItFLOHVSDUDHO
WUDEDMRFROHJLDGRHQODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVJHQHUDOHVVREUHWRGRODIDOWDGH
WLHPSR/DVUD]RQHVVRQP~OWLSOHVODVFRQWUDWDFLRQHVGHWLHPSRVSDUFLDOHV
ODUHSDUWLFLyQGHKRUDVFODVHHQGLIHUHQWHVHVFXHODVORTXHLPSOLFDWLHPSRV
GHWUDQVSRUWHHOPXOWLHPSOHRGHSURIHVRUHV\D~QHQHOFDVRGHSURIHVRUHV
GHWLHPSRFRPSOHWRFRQKRUDVOLEHUDGDVIUHQWHDJUXSRORVXVRVGHHVWRV
WLHPSRVSDUDFRPLVLRQHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVRSDUDQHVSULYDGRVHQHOPHMRU
GHORVFDVRVSDUDODDFWXDOL]DFLyQHQPXFKRVSDUDRWURVHPSOHRV
/D5HIRUPD,QWHJUDOGHOD(VFXHOD6HFXQGDULDD~QQRDERUGDFODUDPHQWH
ODVFRQGLFLRQDQWHVGHODIDOWDGHWLHPSRGHORVSURIHVRUHV3DUHFHTXHHQOD
FXHVWLyQGHODVKRUDVOLEHUDGDVVHSHGLUiDORVHVWDGRVTXHVRQORVUHVSRQVDEOHV
GHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQGHOVHUYLFLREXVFDUIRUPDV\PHFDQLVPRVSDUDLQVWLWXLU
WLHPSRVSDUDHOWUDEDMRFROHJLDGR8QDYDQFHPD\RULPSOLFDUtDFDPELRVHQORV
WpUPLQRVGHFRQWUDWDFLyQGHSURIHVRUHV\QHJRFLDFLRQHVFRQODVDXWRULGDGHV
UHVSRQVDEOHVGHORVSUHVXSXHVWRVIHGHUDO\HVWDWDO
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/DDFWXDOL]DFLyQ\IRUPDFLyQGHPDHVWURV
/DH[SDQVLyQGHODVHFXQGDULDKDLPSOLFDGRGLFXOWDGHVFUHFLHQWHVHQ
UHODFLyQFRQHOSHUOGHORVSURIHVRUHV8QDSDUWHFDGDYH]PHQRUGHPDHVWURV
KDSDVDGRSRUOD1RUPDO6XSHULRUpVWRVSURYLHQHQFUHFLHQWHPHQWHGHODV
OLFHQFLDWXUDVPiVGLYHUVDVVLQKDEHUUHFLELGRXQDIRUPDFLyQSHGDJyJLFD
JHQHUDORXQDIRUPDFLyQSDUDODGLGiFWLFDHVSHFtFDGHVXPDWHULD$HOORVH
DJUHJDQSUREOHPDVGHVXXELFDFLyQHQDVLJQDWXUDVLGyQHDVDVXSHUO
/DFDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDOGHXQPHFDQLVPRGHSURPRFLyQKRUL]RQWDO
FRQEHFDVDGLFLRQDOHVDOVDODULRKDGDGRXQLPSXOVRLPSRUWDQWHDORVFXUVRV
GHDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHORVPDHVWURVHQVHUYLFLR(QORV&XUVRV(VWDWDOHVGH
$FWXDOL]DFLyQORVSURIHVRUHVDVLVWHQGXUDQWHXQDVHPDQDHQFDOHQGDULRODERUDO
DXQFXUVRSUHVHQFLDO\REWLHQHQSXQWRVSDUDODFDUUHUDSRUHOKHFKRGHKDEHU
DVLVWLGRHVWR~OWLPRSRUSUHVLRQHVGHOVLQGLFDWR/DRIHUWDWHPiWLFD\OD
FDOLGDGGHORVFXUVRVYDUtDQHQORVGLIHUHQWHVHVWDGRV$FWXDOPHQWHVHEXVFD
PHMRUDUORVGHPDQHUDFRRUGLQDGD
&RQORV&XUVRV1DFLRQDOHVGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQVHEXVFDHQIUHQWDUHOSUREOHPD
GHOEDMRGRPLQLRGHFRQWHQLGRVSRUSDUWHGHORVPDHVWURVGHVHFXQGDULD\D
VHDSRUTXHSURYLHQHQGHRWUDVDVLJQDWXUDVRSRUTXHQRXELFDQORVFRQFHSWRV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVDHQVHxDU\HOGHVFRQRFLPLHQWRGHGLGiFWLFDVHVSHFtFDVSDUD
HQVHxDUORV/R~OWLPRWDPELpQHVHOFDVRGHORVPDHVWURVHJUHVDGRVGH1RUPDO
6XSHULRUHQORVSODQHVGHHVWXGLRVDQWHULRUHVDOGHTXHVHFHQWUDEDQHQ
FRQWHQLGRVGLVFLSOLQDULRVSRUXQODGR\HQWHRUtDV\PpWRGRVSHGDJyJLFRV
JHQHUDOHVSRUHORWUR/RVFXUVRVQDFLRQDOHVFHQWUDGRVHQFRQWHQLGRVFRQVXV
PpWRGRVHVSHFtFRVUHTXLHUHQGHOHVWXGLRLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHFLHQWRYHLQWHKRUDV
RPiVPXFKRVSURIHVRUHVQRGLVSRQHQGHOWLHPSRSDUDGHGLFDUVHDHVWXGLDU
RWURVQRWLHQHQKiELWRVRFDSDFLGDGGHDSUHQGHUSRUFXHQWDSURSLD$GHPiVVH
WLHQHTXHDSUREDUXQH[DPHQGHQLYHOH[LJHQWHSDUDREWHQHUORVSXQWRVSDUDOD
FDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDO\PXFKRVPDHVWURVQRORORJUDURQ1RREVWDQWHPiVGHOD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
PLWDGGHORVGRFHQWHV\DDSUREyHOFXUVRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDVXDVLJQDWXUDQR
KXERFXUVRVGLVSRQLEOHVHQWRGDVODVDVLJQDWXUDV6HKDQLQLFLDGRHVWXGLRV
SDUDHYDOXDUHOLPSDFWRGHORVFXUVRVHQODSUiFWLFDGRFHQWH
(OSURJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH$FWXDOL]DFLyQSODQHDUHRULHQWDUSDUWHGHVX
RIHUWDKDFLDHOHGXFDGRUGHDGROHVFHQWHV\VXVUHWRVDVtFRPRHQIDWL]DUHO
GHVDUUROORGHFRPSHWHQFLDVWUDQVYHUVDOHVHQWRGDVODVDVLJQDWXUDV
(OSODQGHHVWXGLRVGHOD/LFHQFLDWXUDHQ(GXFDFLyQ6HFXQGDULDSDUDOD
IRUPDFLyQLQLFLDOGHSURIHVRUHVHQODVHVFXHODVQRUPDOHVVXSHULRUHVFRPHQ]y
HQ\VXSULPHUDFDPDGDHJUHVyHQ(VXQDOLFHQFLDWXUDTXHWLHQH
GLH]HVSHFLDOLGDGHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODVDVLJQDWXUDVGHODVHFXQGDULD
DGHPiVGHXQDHVSHFLDOLGDGHQWHOHVHFXQGDULD(VXQDPXHVWUDGHFyPRVH
KDSRGLGRDSURYHFKDUODH[SHULHQFLDGHORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRVUHVSRQVDEOHVGH
ODUHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD6HFRQWHPSODXQDDUWLFXODFLyQHQWUHHOSHUO
JHQHUDOGHPDHVWURFRQHOSHUOGHHVSHFLDOLGDGH[SUHVDQGRXQHTXLOLEULR
HQWUHODIRUPDFLyQFRP~Q\ODHVSHFLDOL]DGD3RURWURODGRSUHWHQGHORJUDU
XQDPD\RUDUWLFXODFLyQ\WUDQVLFLyQHQWUHWHRUtD\SUiFWLFD$GHPiVVHRULHQWD
DODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODFRQFHSFLyQGHOPDHVWURGHVHFXQGDULDFRPRXQ
HGXFDGRUGHDGROHVFHQWHVPiVTXHXQHVSHFLDOLVWDGLVFLSOLQDULR(VWRHVYLVLEOH
HQODLPSRUWDQFLDGDGDDOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOGHVDUUROORGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV\
DODYLQFXODFLyQHQWUHHOGRPLQLRGHOFRQWHQLGRGLVFLSOLQDULRFRQHOGHVDUUROOR
GHFRPSHWHQFLDVGLGiFWLFDVHVSHFtFDV
3DUDPDHVWURVHQVHUYLFLRFRQWUDWDGRVHQORVDxRVGHH[SDQVLyQVLQWHQHU
ODIRUPDFLyQFRPRGRFHQWHVH[LVWHODPRGDOLGDGLQWHQVLYD/RVPDWULFXODGRV
HQHOODDVLVWHQORVViEDGRV\MRUQDGDVFRPSOHWDVGXUDQWHORVGLIHUHQWHVSHUtRGRV
YDFDFLRQDOHVGXUDQWHGRFHVHPHVWUHV/DFDUJDFXUULFXODUVLQFDPELRVUHVSHFWR
DODPRGDOLGDGJHQHUDOGLItFLOPHQWHVHSXHGHFXPSOLUDGHFXDGDPHQWHHQ
ORVWLHPSRVGLVSRQLEOHVPiVD~QVLDJUHJDPRVORVSUREOHPDVGHWLHPSRGH
HVRVPDHVWURV4XHGDHOUHWRGHDGHFXDUHOFXUUtFXORSDUDWRPDUHQFXHQWDODV
H[SHULHQFLDVSUHYLDVDVtFRPRLQVWUXPHQWDUXQVLVWHPDGHUHYDOLGDFLRQHV\
FHUWLFDFLRQHVGHODVKDELOLGDGHVDGTXLULGDVHQODH[SHULHQFLDGRFHQWH
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
3HUVSHFWLYDV
(QORV~OWLPRVGLH]DxRVXQHVIXHU]RLPSRUWDQWHGHOJRELHUQRPH[LFDQR
KDHVWDGRFHQWUDGRHQKDFHUODVHFXQGDULDDFFHVLEOHDODVSREODFLRQHVUXUDOHV
SHTXHxDV\GLVSHUVDVSDUDJDUDQWL]DUODXQLYHUVDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD$
ODH[SDQVLyQGHODRIHUWDHVFRODUVHDJUHJyXQSURJUDPDGHD\XGDVHFRQyPLFDV
DIDPLOLDVHQSREUH]DFRQKLMRVLQVFULWRVHQVHFXQGDULD$~QKD\PXFKRSRU
KDFHUHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQUHODFLyQFRQODSREODFLyQLQGtJHQDDODYH]VHUi
FDGDYH]PiVGLItFLOOOHJDUDORVJUXSRVPiVYXOQHUDEOHV\SREODFLRQHVPiV
GLVSHUVDV/DWDVDGHWUDQVLFLyQHQWUHSULPDULD\VHFXQGDULDKDPHMRUDGR
VXVWDQFLDOPHQWHVLQHPEDUJRODGHVHUFLyQHQODVHFXQGDULDD~QHVDOWD$
SHVDUGHRULHQWDFLRQHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVTXHEXVFDQDXPHQWDUORVtQGLFHVGH
HJUHVRPXFKRVDOXPQRVGHVHUWDQDODFXPXODUUHSUREDFLRQHV
/DV HYDOXDFLRQHV GHO DSUHQGL]DMH PXHVWUDQ TXH ORV DYDQFHV HQ OD
XQLYHUVDOL]DFLyQGHODHVFRODULGDGQRKDQORJUDGRXQLYHUVDOL]DUHODFFHVR
DFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVSDUDHODSUHQGL]DMHDORODUJRGHODYLGD(OUHWR
SULPRUGLDOHVWUDQVIRUPDUODVHVFXHODV\HQFRQWUDUQXHYDVIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DU
HODSUHQGL]DMH
$XQTXH OD WDVD GH WUDQVLFLyQ HQWUH VHFXQGDULD \ HGXFDFLyQ PHGLD
VXSHULRUWDPELpQHVDOWDKD\XQJUDYHSUREOHPDGHGHVHUFLyQHQOD
PHGLDVXSHULRU\ODHFLHQFLDWHUPLQDOHVGHVyOR'HVSXpVGHOSULPHU
DxRPXFKRVHVWXGLDQWHVUHSUXHEDQ\GHMDQODHVFXHODSDUDSUREDUDOWHUQDWLYDV
HQHOWUDEDMRLQIRUPDODOJXQRVVHTXHGDQDOOtRWURVUHJUHVDQSDUDSUREDU
VXHUWHHQRWURWLSRGHHVFXHODV/DVHOHFFLyQHVFRODU\VRFLDOFRPLHQ]DHQORV
VHFWRUHVXUEDQRVDWUDVODGDUVHDOQLYHOPHGLRVXSHULRUTXHQRIRUPDSDUWHGH
ODHGXFDFLyQREOLJDWRULD
$OFRPHQ]DUDGHVSOD]DUVHODHVFRODULGDGKDFLDHOQLYHOPHGLRVXSHULRU
DOSHGLUVHHQ]RQDVXUEDQDVFDGDYH]PiVHOEDFKLOOHUDWRFRPRUHTXLVLWRSDUD
HPSOHRVIRUPDOHV\HQXQFRQWH[WRGHFDPELRVWHFQROyJLFRV\RUJDQL]DWLYRV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
HQORViPELWRVGHWUDEDMRVHSRQHHQHQWUHGLFKRHOIXWXURGHODVHVFXHODV
VHFXQGDULDVWpFQLFDVTXHRIUHFHQXQDIRUPDFLyQDGLFLRQDOHQFDUUHUDVWpFQLFDV
(QVHLQWURGXMRXQWURQFRFRP~QGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVWHFQROyJLFDVSDUD
IDFLOLWDUODPRYLOLGDGGHHVWXGLDQWHVHQWUHHVFXHODVSHURVHFRQVHUYDURQ
YHLQWLVpLVFDUUHUDVWpFQLFDVGLVWLQWDV3RURWURODGRODVHVFXHODVWpFQLFDV
WLHQHQEXHQSUHVWLJLRHQODVIDPLOLDVGHODVFODVHVWUDEDMDGRUDVXUEDQDV\
UXUDOHVSRURIUHFHUFDSDFLGDGHVODERUDOHVSRUODVMRUQDGDVHVFRODUHVPiV
ODUJDVTXHUHWLHQHQDORVMyYHQHV\SRUWHQHUPHQRUHVtQGLFHVGHGHVHUFLyQ
6REUHWRGRHQ]RQDVUXUDOHVPDUJLQDGDVVLJXHQVLHQGRXQDRSFLyQYiOLGD
\DTXHPXFKRVHVWXGLDQWHVQRLQJUHVDQDODHGXFDFLyQPHGLDVXSHULRUSHUR
GHEHUtDQGHDPSOLDUHOHVSHFWURGHWpFQLFDVTXHRIUHFHQDODVQHFHVLGDGHV
UXUDOHV\DODVWHFQRORJtDVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ3LHFN/DUHIRUPDDFWXDO
D~QQRKDDERUGDGRHOSUREOHPDGHODIRUPDFLyQWpFQLFDHQHVDVHVFXHODV
6LJXHHOGHVDItRGHUHRULHQWDUHOFXUUtFXOXPGHDFWLYLGDGHVWHFQROyJLFDVKDFLD
FRPSHWHQFLDVWpFQLFDV\ODERUDOHVPiVEiVLFDV\WUDQVYHUVDOHVXWLOL]DEOHV
WDQWRHQHPSOHRVIRUPDOHVFRPRLQIRUPDOHVRWURHVFRQFHELUODIRUPDFLyQ
HQGHWHUPLQDGDVWpFQLFDVQRFRPRSDUWHGHXQDFDUUHUDVLQRFRPRP~OWLSOHV
H[LEOHV\RSFLRQDOHVH[SHULHQFLDVGHDSUHQGL]DMHSUiFWLFRVLWXDGR7DPELpQ
VHUtDLPSRUWDQWHDSURYHFKDUSDUWHGHODMRUQDGDHVFRODUPiVODUJDGHHVD
PRGDOLGDGSDUDDFWLYLGDGHVGHLQWHUpVMXYHQLO
1RVHKDHQIRFDGRHQ0p[LFRHOSUREOHPDGHDUWLFXODFLyQHQWUHORVGRV
QLYHOHVGHODDQWLJXDHGXFDFLyQPHGLDODEiVLFD\ODPHGLDVXSHULRUTXH
FRPSDUWHQGHVGHVXRULJHQHVWUXFWXUDVFXUULFXODUHVVLPLODUHVDVLJQDWXUDV
GHRULJHQGLVFLSOLQDULRSURIHVRUHVHVSHFLDOLVWDV\ODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQHQWUH
WUDPRVJHQHUDOHV\WUDPRVWpFQLFRVRULHQWDGRVDOPXQGRODERUDO7UHVVX
FHVLYRVSURJUDPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHHGXFDFLyQGHVGH\ODVGRVUHIRUPDV
FXUULFXODUHVGHODVHFXQGDULDODGH\ODDFWXDOHQFXUVRVHKDQFHQWUDGR
HQODDUWLFXODFLyQGHODVHFXQGDULDFRQODSULPDULDGHQWURGHOFRQFHSWRGH
HGXFDFLyQEiVLFD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/DDFWXDOUHIRUPDGHODVHFXQGDULDFXHQWDHQODGLPHQVLyQFXUULFXODUFRQ
YDULRVLQVWUXPHQWRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHORVFDPELRVHQORVSODQHV\SURJUDPDV
GHHVWXGLR\OLEURVGHWH[WRODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHPDHVWURV\ODIRUPDFLyQGH
IXWXURVSURIHVRUHV(QFDGDXQRGHHVWRVUXEURVKD\DYDQFHVDODYH]TXH
KHPRVVHxDODGROLPLWDQWHV
8QGHQRPLQDGRUFRP~QHQODLQWHQFLyQGHORVGLIHUHQWHVFRPSRQHQWHV
GHODUHIRUPDFXUULFXODUPH[LFDQDHVODDSXHVWDSRUODVGLGiFWLFDVHVSHFtFDV
FHQWUDUVHHQFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVHQVHxDUFRQFHSWRVFHQWUDOHV\VXJHULU
PpWRGRVHVSHFtFRVSDUDHOOR(Q0p[LFRVHKDGHVDUUROODGRHQORV~OWLPRV
TXLQFHDxRVODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHLQQRYDFLyQHQGLGiFWLFDVGHOD0DWHPiWLFD\
(VSDxRO&20,(TXHFRQVWLWX\HQXQRGHORVSUREOHPDVFHQWUDOHV
FRPRPXHVWUDQODVHYDOXDFLRQHVGHDSUHQGL]DMHV(QHVWRVWHPDVKD\XQEXHQ
Q~PHURGHHJUHVDGRVGHPDHVWUtDTXHWDPELpQIRUPDQSDUWHGHORVHTXLSRV
WpFQLFRVHQOD6HFUHWDUtDGH(GXFDFLyQ\VHSXHGHGDUXQDSR\RHIHFWLYRD
ODUHIRUPDHQODHODERUDFLyQGHSURJUDPDVGHOLEURVGHWH[WRGHFXUVRVGH
IRUPDFLyQHWF
(QODVRWUDViUHDVGHFRQRFLPLHQWRODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\ODLQQRYDFLyQVRQ
PiVHVFDVDV(VWRVHUHHMDWDPELpQHQORVSURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLRGHVHFXQGDULD
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV7DOYH]HVDVHDXQDGHODVFDXVDVSRUODVFXDOHVQRVHKD
SRGLGRVXSHUDUODHVWUXFWXUDGHDVLJQDWXUDVGHIHQGLGDSRUXQDSDUWHGHORV
SURIHVRUHV\ODVDFDGHPLDVFLHQWtFDV+DFHIDOWDHVWDEOHFHUFRQVHQVRVVREUH
ODVFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDV\GHVDUUROODUGLGiFWLFDVLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULDVHQODV
iUHDVGH1DWXUDOH]D&XOWXUD\7HFQRORJtD
$OJRSDUHFLGRSDUHFHRFXUULUFRQHOWHPDGHXQDHVFXHODSDUDDGROHVFHQWHV
$SDUHFHHQHOGLVFXUVRSHURVHSLHUGHHQODFRQFUHFLyQFXUULFXODU(OWHPDGH
ORVMyYHQHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHORVXUEDQRVPDUJLQDGRV\ODVQXHYDVFXOWXUDV
MXYHQLOHVHVFHQWUDOHQODGLVFXVLyQHQHO&RQR6XUGH$PpULFDFRPRPXHVWUDQ
GLIHUHQWHVSXEOLFDFLRQHVUHFLHQWHVSHURD~QHVPX\LQFLSLHQWHHQHOGHEDWH
HGXFDWLYRPH[LFDQR+D\TXHIRUWDOHFHUODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\ODGLVFXVLyQS~EOLFD
VREUHHVWRVWHPDV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
3DUDORJUDUXQDVHFXQGDULDPiVSHUWLQHQWHSDUDORVDGROHVFHQWHVHOWUDEDMR
GH4XLUR]\:HLVVHQHVWHYROXPHQVXJLHUHDORODUJRGHOWH[WR
UHGXFLUODIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHOSODQGHHVWXGLRVGLVPLQX\HQGRHOQ~PHUR
GHDVLJQDWXUDV\HQFRQVHFXHQFLDGHPDHVWURVTXHDWLHQGHQDOJUXSR
\DFDGDHVWXGLDQWH\DODLQYHUVDHOQ~PHURGHJUXSRV\HVWXGLDQWHV
TXH DWLHQGH FDGD PDHVWUR FRQ HO Q GH SHUPLWLU XQD UHODFLyQ PiV
SHGDJyJLFD\SHUVRQDO(QHOH[WUHPRVHSHUODHQOXJDUGHOWUDGLFLRQDO
PDHVWURGHDVLJQDWXUDHOPDHVWUR~QLFRSRUJUXSRFRPRHQSULPDULD
TXHWLHQHWDPELpQEXHQDDFHSWDFLyQSRUSDUWHGHORVDGROHVFHQWHVHQODV
WHOHVHFXQGDULDVHQ]RQDVXUEDQDVPDUJLQDGDV
IRPHQWDUHODSUHQGL]DMHSRUFXHQWDSURSLD\HQSHTXHxRVJUXSRV6HWUDWD
GHXQFRPSRQHQWHLPSRUWDQWHGHODWHOHVHFXQGDULD\FRQPiVIXHU]D
GHODSRVSULPDULDUXUDOTXHVHSUHVHQWDFRPRDWUDFWLYRSDUDPXFKRV
DGROHVFHQWHVIUHQWHDODVFODVHVWUDGLFLRQDOHV
IDYRUHFHUHOXVRGHODVWHFQRORJtDVGHODLQIRUPDFLyQ\ODFRPXQLFDFLyQ
HQ OD PHGLGD HQ TXH SHUPLWHQ SRWHQFLDU HO DSUHQGL]DMH SRU FXHQWD
SURSLD6XXVRHVXQFHQWURGHLQWHUpVGHPXFKRVDGROHVFHQWHV\\DKDQ
FRPHQ]DGRDLQJUHVDUDODVHVFXHODVHQODPRGDOLGDGWHOHVHFXQGDULD\
VREUHWRGRDXQTXHD~QLQFLSLHQWHHQVXHVFDODHQOD6HFXQGDULD6LJOR
;;,
GHVOLJDUODIRUPDFLyQHQFRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVWDOHVFRPRDSUHQGL]DMH
SRUFXHQWDSURSLDFRPXQLFDFLyQDQiOLVLV\H[SHULPHQWDFLyQFLHQWtFD
DFFLyQWHFQROyJLFDFRPSUHQVLyQKLVWyULFRFXOWXUDO\H[SUHVLyQDUWtVWLFD
\FRUSRUDOGHORVFRQWHQLGRVGLVFLSOLQDUHVWUDGLFLRQDOHVGHODVHFXQGDULD
\DEULUODDWHPDVLQWHJUDOHVGHLQWHUpVGHORVDGROHVFHQWHV
SURSLFLDU TXH ODV HVFXHODV DGHPiV GH FHQWUDUVH HQ OD IRUPDFLyQ GH
FRPSHWHQFLDVEiVLFDVJHQHUHQRWURVHVSDFLRVRSWDWLYRV\RSRUWXQLGDGHV
GHDFWLYLGDGHVH[WUDFXUULFXODUHVGHLQWHUpVSDUDORVDGROHVFHQWHV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
3DUHFHVLJQLFDWLYRTXHORVSURJUDPDVGLULJLGRVDVHFWRUHVUXUDOHVHQ
SREODFLRQHVSHTXHxDVVHDQORVTXHKDQUHDOL]DGRORVFDPELRVPiVSURQXQFLDGRV
HQODDGHFXDFLyQGHOFXUUtFXOXP\GHODVIRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DFLyQGHODHQVHxDQ]D
DODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHVSHFtFDVGHHVWDVSREODFLRQHV4XHGDHOUHWRGHUHDOL]DU
ODVDGHFXDFLRQHVSHUWLQHQWHVSDUDORVSXHEORVLQGtJHQDVTXHFRQVWLWX\HQXQD
SDUWHLPSRUWDQWHGHODSREODFLyQ\TXHVRQXQDH[SUHVLyQGHODGLYHUVLGDG
GHODFXOWXUDQDFLRQDO
7DPELpQHVVLJQLFDWLYRTXHODGHVHUFLyQHQVHFXQGDULDVHKD\DLQFUHPHQ
WDGRPiVHQHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDOOD]RQDXUEDQDPiVGHVDUUROODGDHFRQyPLFD
\HVFRODUPHQWHGXUDQWHORV~OWLPRVRFKRDxRVDOSDVDUGHD
(VWRSDUHFHLQGLFDUTXHWDPELpQHQ0p[LFRKDEUiTXHSUHVWDUPiVDWHQFLyQ
DODSUREOHPiWLFDGHORVDGROHVFHQWHVXUEDQRPDUJLQDGRV
/DVWHFQRORJtDVGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRPXQLFDFLyQKDQWHQLGRXQSULPHU
LPSDFWRPDVLYRHQHOFDVRGHODWHOHVHFXQGDULD$FWXDOPHQWHKD\WUHVSODWDIRUPDV
HOHFWUyQLFDVQDFLRQDOHVLPSRUWDQWHVHQORHGXFDWLYR\ODVWHFQRORJtDVFRPLHQ]DQ
DH[SHULPHQWDUVHHQHVFXHODVJHQHUDOHV\WpFQLFDV(OSURJUDPDH[SHULPHQWDO
6HFXQGDULD6LJOR;;,ODVFRQFLEHFRPRDSR\RDOGRFHQWHGHDVLJQDWXUDVD
PiVODUJRSOD]RSUREDEOHPHQWHWHQGUiQXQLPSDFWRHQHOFDPELRGHOSDSHO
GHOHQVHxDQWHGHGLVFLSOLQDVDHGXFDGRUGHDGROHVFHQWHV\RULHQWDGRUGH
DSUHQGL]DMHV
/DUHIRUPDHGXFDWLYDDFWXDOGHODVHFXQGDULDVHSODQWHDFRPRUHIRUPD
LQWHJUDO8QRGHORVUHWRVPiVGLItFLOHVGHORJUDUHVODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGH
ODVDFWXDOHVHVWUXFWXUDV\PHFDQLVPRVGHJHVWLyQ6HSURSRQHHOSUR\HFWR
HVFRODUHQHOiPELWRGHFDGDSODQWHOFRPRSULQFLSDOGLVSDUDGRUGHOFDPELR
6LQQHJDUVXSRWHQFLDOHVLPSRUWDQWHVXEUD\DUTXHGLItFLOPHQWHVHORJUDUi
XQDYDQFHVXVWDQFLDOHQODJHVWLyQGHODVHVFXHODVVHFXQGDULDVVLQFDPELDU
HVWUXFWXUDVWDQWRGHFRQWUDWDFLyQGHPDHVWURVFRPRVDODULDOHV0RGLFDU
HVWDV HVWUXFWXUDV SDUD KDFHU SRVLEOH HO WUDEDMR FROHJLDGR LPSOLFD FRQWDU
FRQXQPD\RUQDQFLDPLHQWRODVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHOSUHVXSXHVWRS~EOLFRQR
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQHFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG
VRQDOHQWDGRUDV\WDPELpQQHJRFLDFLRQHVFRQHO6LQGLFDWR1DFLRQDOGH
7UDEDMDGRUHVGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
/DIHGHUDOL]DFLyQHGXFDWLYDKDYXHOWRPiVFRPSOHMDHVWDQHJRFLDFLyQ
\DVHDODUHIHULGDDOQDQFLDPLHQWRHQWUHODIHGHUDFLyQ\ORVHVWDGRVFRPROD
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODVLWXDFLyQFRQWUDFWXDO1RREVWDQWHODIHGHUDOL]DFLyQDEUH
ODSHUVSHFWLYDGHSRGHUDYDQ]DUHQDOJXQDVHQWLGDGHVIHGHUDWLYDVDXQTXHHVHQ
ORVHVWDGRVPiVSREUHVGRQGHJHQHUDOPHQWHODLPEULFDFLyQHQWUHHVWUXFWXUDV
DGPLQLVWUDWLYDV\HVWUXFWXUDVVLQGLFDOHV\HOSRGHUGHIXHU]DVVLQGLFDOHV
SURWHFWRUDVGHOVWDWXVTXRVRQPiVSURQXQFLDGDV
(OSUREOHPDGHODGHVLJXDOGDGUHJLRQDOVHPDQLHVWDWDPELpQHQORV
FRPSRQHQWHVFXDOLWDWLYRVGHODUHIRUPDHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQORVHTXLSRVWpFQLFRV
UHVSRQVDEOHVGHODFDUUHUDPDJLVWHULDOGHODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHGRFHQWHV\GHOD
DVHVRUtDSHGDJyJLFDHQODVHVFXHODVHOGLVHxRGHOSODQ\SURJUDPDVGHHVWXGLR
VLJXHQVLHQGRSUHUURJDWLYDVGHODIHGHUDFLyQ&DVLXQVLJORGHFHQWUDOL]DFLyQ
KDOLPLWDGRHOGHVDUUROORGHHTXLSRVFDOLFDGRVHQORVHVWDGRVHVSHFLDOPHQWH
HQORVPiVSREUHV(OUHWRHVGHVDUUROODUODFDSDFLGDGWpFQLFDHQORVHVWDGRV
ORVVHFWRUHV\ODVHVFXHODV(OORUHTXLHUHGHVDUUROODUHQSDUDOHORHVWUDWHJLDVGH
IRPHQWRDODGHVFHQWUDOL]DFLyQGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQHLQQRYDFLyQDFWXDOPHQWH
FRQFHQWUDGDVHQHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDO\VX]RQDPHWURSROLWDQD&20,(
SHURWDPELpQUHTXLHUHGHYROYHUHQPD\RUPHGLGDODIDFXOWDGGHGHFLVLyQD
ORVHVWDGRV\DODVHVFXHODV
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
5HWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR
%LEOLRJUDItD
&20,(/DLQYHVWLJDFLyQHGXFDWLYDHQ0p[LFRXVRV\FRRUGLQDFLyQ
HQ5HYLVWD0H[LFDQDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD0p[LFR9RO9,,,,
1VHSWLHPEUHGLFLHPEUHSS
3,(&.(QULTXH(YDOXDFLyQGLDJQyVWLFDGHODVHFXQGDULDWpFQLFD
FRPRRSFLyQHQHOQLYHOGHODHGXFDFLyQEiVLFD0p[LFR'LUHFFLyQ
*HQHUDOGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ(GXFDWLYD6HFUHWDULDGH(GXFDFLyQ3XEOLFD
LQIRUPHQDO
48,52=5DIDHO\(GXDUGR:(,66%DODQFH\SHUVSHFWLYDVGHOD
UHIRUPDGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULDHQ0p[LFR3DUtV,,3(81(6&2
HQHVWHYROXPHQ
6$1726'(/5($/$QQHWWH([SDQVLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQVHFXQGDULD
HQ0p[LFRDSDUWLUGHOD5HIRUPD(GXFDWLYD/RJURV\GLFXOWDGHVHQ
HFLHQFLDFDOLGDG\HTXLGDG3DUtV,,3(81(6&2HQHVWHYROXPHQ
6(33URJUDPD1DFLRQDOGH(GXFDFLyQ0p[LFR6HFUHWDUtD
GH(GXFDFLyQ3~EOLFD
Instituto Internacional de Planeamiento de la Educacin
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
3XEOLFDFLRQHV\GRFXPHQWRVGHO,,3(
(O,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3ODQHDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQKDSXEOLFDGRPiVGHWtWXORV
GHOLEURV\GRFXPHQWRVVREUHORVGLIHUHQWHVDVSHFWRVGHODSODQLFDFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ
(VWDVJXUDQHQXQFDWiORJRFRPSOHWRTXHSUHVHQWDORVVLJXLHQWHVWHPDV
3ODQLFDFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ\FXHVWLRQHVJOREDOHV
(VWXGLRVJHQHUDOHVFXHVWLRQHVJOREDOHV\GHGHVDUUROOR
$GPLQLVWUDFLyQ\JHVWLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ
'HVFHQWUDOL]DFLyQ SDUWLFLSDFLyQ HGXFDFLyQ D GLVWDQFLD PDSD HVFRODU
SURIHVRUHV
(FRQRPtDGHODHGXFDFLyQ
&RVWRV\QDQFLDFLyQHPSOHRFRRSHUDFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDO
&DOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQ
(YDOXDFLyQLQQRYDFLyQVXSHUYLVLyQ
'LVWLQWRVQLYHOHVGHODHGXFDFLyQIRUPDO
'HVGHHOSULPDULRKDVWDHOVXSHULRU
(VWUDWHJLDVDOWHUQDWLYDVGHHGXFDFLyQ
(GXFDFLyQ SHUPDQHQWH HGXFDFLyQ QR IRUPDO JUXSRV GHVIDYRUHFLGRV
HGXFDFLyQGHPXMHUHV
3DUDREWHQHUHOFDWiORJRGLUtMDVHDOD
2FLQDGH'LIXVLyQGH3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHO,,3(
LQIRUPDWLRQ#LLHSXQHVFRRUJ
/RVWtWXORV\UHV~PHQHVGHODVSXEOLFDFLRQHVPiVUHFLHQWHVVHSXHGHQFRQVXOWDUHQHO
VLWLRZHEKWWSZZZXQHVFRRUJLLHS
http://www.unesco.org/iiep
,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3ODQHDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
(O,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3ODQHDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ,,3(FUHDGRSRUOD81(6&2HQ
HVXQFHQWURLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHIRUPDFLyQHLQYHVWLJDFLyQDYDQ]DGDHQHOFDPSRGHODSODQLFDFLyQGHOD
HGXFDFLyQ/DQDQFLDFLyQGHO,,3(HVDVHJXUDGDSRUODFRQWULEXFLyQGHOD81(6&2\SRUGRQDFLRQHVGH
ORV(VWDGRV0LHPEURV'XUDQWHORV~OWLPRVDxRVORV(VWDGRV0LHPEURVTXHKDQEULQGDGRFRQWULEXFLRQHV
YROXQWDULDV DO ,QVWLWXWR VRQ ORV VLJXLHQWHV$OHPDQLD 'LQDPDUFD )LQODQGLD ,QGLD ,UODQGD ,VODQGLD
1RUXHJD6XHFLD\6XL]D
(OREMHWLYRGHO,QVWLWXWRHVFRQWULEXLUDOGHVDUUROORGHODHGXFDFLyQHQHOPXQGRPHGLDQWHODGLIXVLyQ
GHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\ODRIHUWDGHSURIHVLRQDOHVFRPSHWHQWHVHQHOFDPSRGHODSODQLFDFLyQGHODHGXFDFLyQ
(QHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDHO,QVWLWXWRFRRSHUDFRQODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHVGHIRUPDFLyQHLQYHVWLJDFLyQLQWHUHVDGDVGH
ORV(VWDGRV0LHPEURV(O&RQVHMRGH$GPLQLVWUDFLyQGHO,,3(TXHDSUXHEDVXSURJUDPD\SUHVXSXHVWRVH
FRPSRQHGHXQPi[LPRGHRFKRPLHPEURVHOHJLGRV\FXDWURPLHPEURVGHVLJQDGRVSRUOD2UJDQL]DFLyQGH
ODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVDVtFRPRSRUDOJXQRVGHVXVRUJDQLVPRVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVHLQVWLWXWRV
3UHVLGHQWH
'DWR$VLDKEW$EX6DPDK0DODVLD
'LUHFWRUD/DQJ(GXFDWLRQ.XDOD/XPSXU0DODVLD
0LHPEURVGHVLJQDGRV
&DUORV)RUWtQ
6HFUHWDULR *HQHUDO$GMXQWR &RQIHUHQFLD GH ODV 1DFLRQHV 8QLGDV VREUH &RPHUFLR \ 'HVDUUROOR
&18&('*LQHEUD6XL]D
7KHOPD.D\
-HIH(PHUJLQJ6RFLDO,VVXHV&RPLVLyQ(FRQyPLFD\6RFLDOSDUD$VLD\HO3DFtFR81(6&$3
%DQJNRN7DLODQGLD
-HDQ/RXLV6DUELE
9LFHSUHVLGHQWH%DQFR0XQGLDO:DVKLQJWRQ'&((88
(VWHU=XOEHUWL
&KLHI([WHQVLRQ(GXFDWLRQDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ6HUYLFH5HVHDUFK([WHQVLRQDQG7UDLQLQJ'LYLVLRQ
)RRGDQG$JULFXOWXUH2UJDQL]DWLRQ)$2
0LHPEURVHOHJLGRV
$]L]D%HQQHQL0DUUXHFRV
(PEDMDGRU([WUDRUGLQDULR\3OHQLSRWHQFLDULRGH0DUUXHFRVHQ)UDQFLD\'HOHJDGR3HUPDQHQWHGH
0DUUXHFRVDQWHOD81(6&2
-RVp-RDTXtQ%UXQQHU&KLOH
'LUHFWRU3URJUDPDGH(GXFDFLyQ)XQGDFLyQ&KLOH6DQWLDJR&KLOH
7DN\LZDD0DQXK*KDQD
'LUHFWRU,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGLRV$IULFDQRV8QLYHUVLGDGGH*KDQD*KDQD
3KLOLSSH0HKDXW)UDQFLD
'LUHFWRU$GMXQWR&HQWURGH(VWXGLRVH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVVREUHODV&DOLFDFLRQHV0DUVHOOD)UDQFLD
7HLLFKL6DWR-DSyQ
(PEDMDGRU([WUDRUGLQDULR\3OHQLSRWHQFLDULRGH-DSyQHQ)UDQFLD\'HOHJDGR3HUPDQHQWHGH-DSyQ
DQWHOD81(6&2
7XRPDV7DNDOD)LQODQGLD
3URIHVRU8QLYHUVLGDGGH7DPSHUH7DPSHUH)LQODQGLD
5D\PRQG:DQQHU((88
$VHVRU3ULQFLSDOVREUH&XHVWLRQHV5HODWLYDVDOD81(6&2)XQGDFLyQGHODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDV
/DVFRQVXOWDVVREUHHO,QVWLWXWRGHEHQGLULJLUVHDO
6HFUHWDULDGRGHO'LUHFWRU,QVWLWXWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH3ODQHDPLHQWRGHOD(GXFDFLyQ
UXH(XJqQH'HODFURL[3DUtV)UDQFLD
http://www.unesco.org/iiep