ISSN: 2321-8754-Online

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Data Mining and Cloud Computing

Vol.1, Issue 4, October 2013

GREEN IT ENVIRONMENTUSING VIRTUALIZED CLOUD COMPUTING

ENVIRONMENT
R.PITCHAI RAMASAMY1

Dr.S.JAYASHRI2

M.PRAVEEN KUMAR3

J.SABARINATHA4
1,3&4

Department Of Information Technology, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College

Melmaruvathur
2

Director, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur.

ABSTRACT
Cloud computing is a technology that provides obsolete, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
In the current IT organization instance need to utilize more hardwareresources such as Servers, Storage
devices, etc..cause high energy consumption and some environmental damage. Hence, energy-efficient
solutions are required to minimize the impact of such resources on the environment. . A cloud is a type of
distributed data center which delivers infrastructures as services. Cloud computing platform consists of
massive resources, it also provides the necessary foundation for integration of platform and technology
environment for a variety of scattered of resources, under the existing conditions as much as possible to
meet the demand of the organization activities for resources. This paper analyses resources and tools used
to construct green cloud environment.

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Keywords: Virtualization, Green cloud, Green IT

1. INTRODUCTION
Global warming and the hazardous and poisonous
waste generated by electronic devices are issues
that are being currently addressed through green
technologies. Althoughthe solution to these
environmental problems does not depend on a
single individual, industry, government, or
nation, there are contributions that can be made at
each of the levels indicated to reduce global
warming and toxic waste. The
green IT
technologies is mitigate the carbon emission
generated by the computer technology [MataToledo Ramon A. and Young B. Choi
(2010)].The concept of Green Computing
involves reducing energy consumption of

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computers, environmental friendly use, reuse and

recycling of unwanted computers, energy
efficient
design
and
manufacturing
considerations. Green Cloud computing solutions
that can not only save energy for the environment
but also reduce operational costs.2
1.1. Virtualization And Green Computing
Green computing is becoming increasingly
important in a world with limited energy
resources and an ever-rising demand for more
computational power. Virtualization-based cloud
computing paradigm offers a strategy to green
IT/clouds, which emphasize the construction and

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ISSN: 2321-8754-Online

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Data Mining and Cloud Computing

Vol.1, Issue 4, October 2013

deployment of scalable, energy-efficient network

software applications by virtue of improved
utilization of the underlying resources.
Virtualization is the technology which uses a
hardware resource, like a server or desktop, to
run multiple virtual machines. This allows users
to consolidate physical resources, sharing the
resources of that single computer across multiple
environments. The result is a reduction in
resources and therefore a reduction in power and
cooling requirements. The virtual machine
emulates a physical computing environment, it
requests for CPU, memory, hard disk, network
and other hardware resources are managed by a
virtualization layer which translates these
requests to the underlying physical hardware.
VMs are created within a virtualization layer,
such as a hypervisor or a virtualization platform
that runs on top of a clientor server operating
system. This operating system is known as the
host OS. The virtualization layer can be used to
create
many
individual,
isolated
VM
environments. It reduces the cost for buying
individual hardwares and also it reduces the
power consumption and usage of cooling
requirements. Thus virtual machine technology
supports green environment. Green data centers
also useful for power management and we can
create data center by using virtualization
techniques2.

computing or IT. Green Cloudis the practice of

constructing, designing, using, and disposing of
computers, servers, and associated subsystems
such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and
networking and communications systems
efficiently and effectively with minimal or no
impact on the environment. Green IT also
strives to achieve economic viability and
improved system performance and use, while
abiding by our social and ethical responsibilities.
Thus, green IT includes the dimensions of
environmental sustainability, the economics of
energy efficiency, and the total cost of ownership,
which includes the cost of disposal and recycling.
It is the study and practice of using computing
resources efficiently.

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1.2. Cloud Computing And Green Computing

Cloud computing is a technology that uses
the internet and central remote servers to store
data and applications. Cloud computing allows IT
organizations to use applications without
installation and access their personal files at any
computer at any place with internet access. This
technology allows for much more efficient
computing by centralizing storage, memory,
processing and bandwidth. Green computing or
green IT, refers to environmentally sustainable

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According to Carbon Disclosure Project,

supported by AT&T, finds that a company that
adopts cloud computing can reduce its energy
consumption, lower its carbon emissions and
decrease its capital expenditure on IT resources
while improving operational efficiency.2 By
2020, the group estimates, large US companies
that use cloud computing can achieve annual
energy savings of $12.3 billion and annual carbon
reductions equivalent to 200 million barrels of
oil.As determined by Paul Dickinson,CDP, "The
world as we know it is changing, to a world that
is cleaner, more inclusive and unconstrained by
where you live. The key to unlocking the
potential of all these technologies is an efficient
and reliable communications network. We have
an opportunity to grow our economy with less
environmental impact, and fundamentally
transform the way we live, work and play.
Economic value will increasingly reside in bits
and bytes, rather than molecules and atoms of
products and commodities, in effect, decoupling
greenhouse gas emissions from growth.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Data Mining and Cloud Computing

Vol.1, Issue 4, October 2013

As stated byAnton Beloglazov., Traditionally,

the development of computing systems has been
focused on performance improvements driven by
the demand of applications from consumer,
scientific and business domains. However, the
ever increasing energy consumption of
computing systems has started to limit further
performance growth due to overwhelming
electricity bills and carbon dioxide footprints.
Therefore, the goal of the computer system
design has been shifted to power and energy
efficiency.3Cloud computing and sustainability
are emerging as transformative trends in business
and society. Most consumers (whether they are
aware of it or not) are already heavy users of
cloud-enabled services, including email, social
media, online gaming, and many mobile
applications. The business community has begun
to embrace cloud computing as a viable option to
reduce costs and to improve IT and business
agility.According to Saurabh Kumar Garg4.,
carbon/energy based scheduling policies (nearoptimal scheduling Policies) are able to achieve
on average up to 25% of energy savings in
comparison to profit based scheduling policies
leading to higher profit and less carbon
emissions. This motivates us to do this
work.Several key factors such as Dynamic
Provisioning, Multi-Tenancy, Server Utilization,
and Data Center Efficiency can lower energy use
and emissions in the organizations.

2.1. Eucalyptus

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2.2. Open Nebula

Open Nebula supports IaaS cloud which is
the next evolution of data center.OpenNebula
interoperability makes cloud an evolutionby
leveraging existing IT infrastructure, protecting
your investments, and avoiding vendor lockin7.In contrast to other open-source management
tools that only provide a special-purpose
implementation of popular cloud interfaces on
pre-defined environments, OpenNebula aims to
provide a open, flexible, extensible, and
comprehensive management layer to automate
and orchestrate the operation of virtualized data
centers by leveraging and integrating existing

2. CLOUD COMPUTING TOOLS:

Cloud computing tools enable a developer to
build and deploy an application without having to
download anything to their desktop. This requires
an on-demand development tool that is on the top
of the cloud and provide development platform as
the service.In this section we addresses some
widely used cloud computing tools.

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Eucalyptus is a cloud middle ware open

source tool for constructing private and hybrid
clouds by providing strategic advantage of
existing virtualized infrastructure to build a ondemand cloud resource pools. As determined by
Daniel nurmi et al5., EUCALYPTUS an
opensource software framework for cloud
computing that implements what is commonly
referred to as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS);
systems that give users the ability to run and
control entire virtual machine instances deployed
across a variety physical resources.The
Eucalyptus Cloud can increase or decrease its
scalability dynamically depending on application
workloads and it is uniquely suited for enterprise
clouds, delivering production-ready software that
supports the industry-standard AWS APIs, EC2,
S3, EBS, and IAM. The benefits are highly
efficient ,scalability, organization agility, and
increased trust and control for IT. With
Eucalyptus, an open source solution exists that is
fully compatible with Amazon EC2, S3 and
EBS6.The main objectives of Eucalyptus cloud
are agility, operational efficiency, scalability,
flexibility, reliability and workload portability.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Data Mining and Cloud Computing

Vol.1, Issue 4, October 2013

deployed solutions for networking, storage,

virtualization, monitoring or user management.
According to Borja Sotomayor et al.,
OpenNebula,
an
open
sourcevirtual
infrastructure manager that can be used to deploy
virtualized services on both a local pool of
resources andon external IaaS clouds8.
The OpenNebula.org project pursues the
following objectives in order to lead innovation
in enterprise-class cloud data center management:

Develop the most-advanced, highly-scalable

and adaptable solution for building and
managing virtualized data centers and IaaS
clouds.
Provide cloud builders and integrators with a
modular system that can implement a variety
of cloud architectures and can interface with
any datacenter service.
Provide cloud developers and users with
choice of cloud and system interfaces, from
open cloud to de-facto standards, to support
the creation of a rich ecosystem of higher
level components.
Assure the stability and quality of the
software distribution.
Collaborate with the most demanding users
of cloud and data center management tools
Support the ecosystem of open-source
components being created around the Project.
Support the community of users and
developers contributing to the Project.
Collaborate with the main research projects
in cloud computing innovation.

projects delivering various components for a

cloud infrastructure solution. OpenStack is an
open and highly scalable operating system for
constructing public and private clouds. It
provides both large and small organizations an
alternativesolution to closed cloud environments,
reducing the risks of lock-in associated with
proprietary
platforms.
OpenStack
offers
flexibility and choice through a highly engaged
community of over 6,000 individuals and over
190 companies including Rackspace, Dell, HP,
IBM, and Red Hat.As stated by Anton
Beloglazov9., OpenStack controls and manages
compute, storage, and network resource
aggregated from multiple servers in a data
center.

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3.1. Xen

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2.3. Open Stack:

OpenStackis a open source cloud computing
tool for developing public and private clouds.
The OpenStackaims to deliver solutions for all
types of clouds by being simple to implement,
massively scalable, and feature rich. The
technology consists of a series of interrelated

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3. VIRTUALIZATION TOOLS

The Xen Hypervisor is an open source

virtualization platform that powers the world's
largest clouds in production and is the foundation
of many commercial products. Xen powers public
clouds such as Amazon Web Services, Rackspace
Public Cloud and many others. Xen is a
virtualization
system
supporting
both
paravirtualization and hardware-assisted full
virtualization. A virtual machine is an
encapsulated operating system which can run
applications as a physical machine. Instead of
making the virtual machine 100% functionally
identical to the bare hardware, Xen makes use of
ParavirtualizationParavirtualization is a process
where the guest operating system is modified to
run in parallel with other modified systems, and
is designed to execute on a virtual machine that
has a similar architecture to the underlying
machine. Table 1 shows comparison of xen
hypervisor with QEMU, KVM AND UML10.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Data Mining and Cloud Computing

Vol.1, Issue 4, October 2013

2.6.20. KVM is open source software. KVM uses

a set of Linux kernel modules to provide VT
support. KVM can run on a stock Linux kernel
that is: (a) new enough and (b) has had the KVM
modules built for it. In contrast, Xen requires a
heavily patched Linux kernel, on which
development lags behind the mainline kernel.
Xen and KVM are free Linux virtualization
hypervisors, but their approach to open source
virtualization is vastly different. Xen is a typeone, bare-metal hypervisor that's more mature
than KVM. It includes several built-in
management tools and supports numerous host
and guest environments, as well as hardware
architectures.Conversely, the KVM virtualization
architecture is relatively new. Because KVM is
embedded in the Linux kernel, KVM proponents
claim it's easier to manage virtual machines
(VMs) and Linux updates.

Table: 1 Comparison of Xenhypervisor with

QEMU, KVM AND UML
Comparison of virtualization software
Ability to
Virtualizatio
run
Performanc
n software unmodifie
e
d guests

Level

QEMU

Yes

Relatively
slow

User level

Xen*

No

Native

Below OS
and above
hardware

KVM

Yes

HardwareNative, but
supported
devices are
virtualisatio
emulated
n

UML

No

Near native OS on OS

*Xen can make use of VT/SVM technology to

run unmodified operating systems. In this case, it
looks exactly like KVM.

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3.3. VMware

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3.2. KVM

KVM13 (for Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a

full virtualization solution for Linux on x86
hardware containing virtualization extensions
(Intel VT or AMD-V). It consists of a loadable
kernel module, kvm.ko, that provides the core
virtualization infrastructure and a processor
specific module, kvm-intel.ko or kvm-amd.ko.
KVM also requires a modified QEMU although
work is underway to get the required changes
upstream. Using KVM, one can run multiple
virtual machines running unmodified Linux or
Windows images. Each virtual machine has
private virtualized hardware: a network card,
disk, graphics adapter, etc. The kernel component
of KVM is included in mainline Linux, as of

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VMWare was the first serious virtualization

software.VMwares12 virtual machine (VM)
approach creates a uniform hardware image
implemented in software on which operating
systems and applications run. On top of this
platform, VMwares VirtualCenter provides
management and provisioning of virtual
machines, continuous workload consolidation
across physical servers and VMotion
technology for virtual machine mobility.
VMware is designed from the ground up to
ensure compatibility with customers existing
software infrastructure investments. This includes
not just operating systems, but also software for
management, high availability, clustering,
replication, multipathing, and so on.A key benefit
of virtualization is the ability to run multiple
operating systems on a single physical system
and share the underlying hardware resources
known as partitioning.

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For Unix/RISC and industry-standard x86

systems, the two approaches typically used with
software-based partitioning are hosted and
hypervisor architectures. A hosted approach
provides partitioning services on top of a standard
operating system and supports the broadest range
of hardware configurations. In contrast,
hypervisorarchitecture is the first layer of
software installed on a clean x86-based system
(hence it is often referred to as a bare metal
approach). Since it has direct access to the
hardware resources, a hypervisor is more efficient
than hosted architectures, enabling greater
scalability, robustness and performance.Hence,
virtualization is a broad IT initiative, of which
partitioning is just one facet. Other benefits
include the isolation of virtual machines and the
hardware-independence that results from the
virtualization process. Virtual machines are
highly portable, and can be moved or copied to
any industry-standard (x86- based) hardware
platform, regardless of the
model. Thus,
virtualization provides withsuitable IT resource
management, and greater responsiveness to
changing business conditions.

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3.4. QEMU

QEMU is a generic and open source virtual

machine monitor. It emulates central processing
units through dynamic binary translation and
provides a set of device models, enabling it to run
a variety of unmodified guest operating
systems.When used as a machine emulator,
QEMU can run OSes and programs made for one
machine (e.g. an ARM board) on a different
machine (e.g. your own PC). By using dynamic
translation, it achieves very good performance.
When used as a virtualizer, QEMU achieves near
native performances by executing the guest code
directly on the host CPU. It also provides an
accelerated mode for supporting a mixture of

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binary translation (for kernel code) and native

execution (for user code), in the same fashion
VMware Workstation and VirtualBox do. QEMU
can also be used purely for CPU emulation for
user level processes, allowing applications
compiled for one architecture to be run on
another. QEMU supports virtualization when
executing under the Xen hypervisor or using the
KVM kernel module in Linux. When using
KVM, QEMU can virtualize x86, server and
embedded PowerPC, and S390 guests. The new
kid on the block is QEMU which is an actively
developed project with a fairly large base of
enthusiast followers and contributors. 14QEMU
is able to provide a virtualized computer
hardware environment on which you can install
and run Windows, Linux, and lots of other
Operating Systems. QEMU calls this System
Emulation. QEMU can also operate in User
Emulation mode, where it is able to run single
Linux processes - thereby translating calls for a
specific architecture into another architecture.
QEMU14 virtualizes a complete hardware
environment, including CPU (i386, x86_64, ppc,
sparc, mips, arm platforms) and peripheral
devices like VGA card, network interfaces, IDE,
sound and USB components, and more. This
enables you to to run an unmodified operating
system in QEMU. Since QEMU is a user process,
crashes of the Guest Operating System do not
affect the host at all.
4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The modern computing technologies create major
environmental problems interms of enormous
power consumption, temperature, cooling and Ewaste threatens the planet as both a source of
toxins and through sheer tonnage. So it is
necessary to provide optimal solution for
minimize the effect of those environmental
issues. Cloud computing is an emerging research

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Data Mining and Cloud Computing

Vol.1, Issue 4, October 2013

area in Distributed Systems to conserve energy

wherever possible. Virtualization has helped in
that respect by allowing organizations to
consolidate their servers onto smaller pieces of
hardware, which can be cost effective.
Virtualized cloud conserves power and money.
Future works concerns the construction of
secured reliable next generation of Cloud
computing technologies. This warrant further
active research.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I hereby acknowledge the support and guidance
received from my guide Dr.S.Jayashri, Principal,
and Dr.R.Valli, Head, Department of Information
Technology,
Adhiparasakthi
Engineering
College, Melmaruvathur.

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