Single Phase Asynchronous Machine

Model the dynamics of single phase asynchronous machine with squirrel-cage rotor

This machine has two windings: the main winding and the auxiliary winding. The model allows to
simulate the split-phase, the capacitor-start, the capacitor-start-capacitor-run, and main &
auxiliary windings operation modes.

The electrical part of the machine is represented by a fourth-order state-space model and the
mechanical part by a second-order system. All electrical variables and parameters are referred to
the stator. This is indicated by the prime signs in the machine equations given below. All stator
and rotor quantities are in the stator reference frame (dq frame). The subscripts used are defined
as follows:

Reference frame
The reference frame fixed in the stator is used to convert voltages and currents to the dq frame.
The following relationships describe the ab-to-dq frame transformations applied to the single
phase asynchronous machine.

The variable f can represent either voltage, currents or flux linkage.

The single phase asynchronous machine block parameters are defined as follows (all quantities
are referred to the stator):

Dialog Box and Parameters

You can choose between two types of unit to specify the electrical and mechanical parameters of
the model, the per unit dialog box and the SI dialog box. Both blocks are modeling the same
machine. Depending on the dialog box you choose to use, the software automatically converts
the parameters you enter into per unit parameters. The Simulink model of the single phase
asynchronous machine block uses per unit parameters.
Configuration Tab

Units
Specify the per unit dialog box or the SI dialog box.
Type of machine
Specify one of the four types of single phase asynchronous machine (the split-phase, the
capacitor-start, the capacitor-start-capacitor-run, or the main & auxiliary windings).

Parameters Tab

Nominal power, voltage, and frequency

The nominal apparent power Pn (VA), RMS Vn (V), and frequency fn (Hz).
Main winding stator
The stator resistance Rs ( or pu) and leakage inductance Lls (H or pu).
Main winding rotor
The rotor resistance Rr' ( or pu) and leakage inductance Llr' (H or pu), both referred to the
stator.
Main winding mutual inductance
The magnetizing inductance Lms (H or pu).
Auxiliary winding stator
The stator resistance RS ( or pu) and leakage inductance LlS (H or pu).
Inertia, friction factor, pole pairs, turn ratio (aux/main)

For the SI units dialog box: the combined machine and load inertia coefficient J (kg.m2),
combined viscous friction coefficient F (N.m.s),number of pole pairs p and ratio of number of
auxiliary winding's effective turns and number of main winding's effective turns. pu units dialog
box: the inertia constant H (s), combined viscous friction coefficient F (pu), and number of pole
pairs p.

Capacitor-Start
The start capacitance Cs (farad or pu) and capacitor series resistance Rst( or pu)
Capacitor-Run
The run capacitance Crun (farad or pu) and series resistance Rrun (farad or pu)
Disconnection speed
Specifies the speed (%) when the auxiliary winding may be disconnected.
Initial speed
Specifies the initial speed (%).

Sample time (-1 for inherited)

Specifies the sample time used by the block. To inherit the sample time specified in the Powergui
block, set this parameter to -1.
Inputs and Outputs
Tm
The Simulink input of the block is the mechanical torque at the machine's shaft. When you use
the SI parameters mask, the input is a signal in N.m, otherwise it is in pu.
m
The Simulink output of the block is a vector containing 16 signals. You can demultiplex these
signals by using the Bus Selector block provided in the Simulink library. Depending on the type of
mask you use, the units are in SI, or in pu.

Limitations
The single phase asynchronous machine block does not include a representation of iron losses
and saturation.
Example
This example, available in the power_singlephaseASM demo, illustrates the use of the Single
Phase Asynchronous Machine block in two modes of operation.

It consists of a single phase asynchronous machine in an open-loop speed control system. The
main and auxiliary windings are fed by a single phase power supply. The motor is started at noload and a step of 1N.m is applied at 2 seconds.

Capacitor-Start Operation Mode

The next series of figures shows the capacitor-start operation where the auxiliary winding is
tripped when the machine is speeded up to 75% of the rated speed.
The last figure in the series, Electromagnetic Torque in Capacitor-Start Operation Mode, shows
the electromagnetic torque developed by the machine. Since there is a step load of 1 N.m, the
average torque will be 1 N.m. The torque ripple amplitude is about 2.5 N.m, or 150% of the rated
load. The torque pulsation affects the operation of the machine.

Auxiliary Winding Current in Capacitor-Start Operation Mode

The auxiliary winding current is set to zero when the speed reaches 75% of the rated speed. The
voltage across the start-capacitor remains at its maximum value, since current and voltage across
a capacitor are in quadrature.

Main Winding Current in Capacitor-Start Operation Mode

Capacitor-Start-Run Operation Mode

An improvement in the operation mode of the single phase asynchronous machine occurs when
the auxiliary winding is still connected in series with a capacitor after starting.
The next figures show the simulation wave forms in the capacitor-start-run operation mode
single phase asynchronous machine. The magnitude of the torque ripple at steady state is only
about 3% of the load torque. It improves the operation of a single phase asynchronous machine
by limiting the shaft's vibrations.
Main Winding Current in Capacitor-Start-Run Operation Mode

References
[1] Krause, P.C., O. Wasynczuk, and S.D. Sudhoff, Analysis of Electric Machinery, IEEE Press, 1995.