EXPERIMENT -3

DIESEL ENGINE
(FOUR CYLINDER)
Four stroke, Four cylinder, Water cooled Engine

Specifications:
Make

Matador engine

Bore

78mm

Stroke

94mm

Capacity

1797cc

RPM

1500rpm

BHP

10 HP @ 1500 rpm

Fuel

HS Diesel oil

Sp Gr

0.83

Calorific value

10,833 Kcal/kg

MULT I CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE TEST RIG WITH HYDRULIC

DYNAMOMETER
AIM:
To conduct a load test on a 4cylinder, 4~sltrokE diesel engine and determine its
efficiency.
DESCRIPTION
The test rig consists of a multi cylinder diesel engine coupled to a hydraulic
dynamometer. The diesel engine is Matador brand and is a 4 cylinder, 4 stroke
developing l0 HP. at ISOORPM. This type of engine is best suited For vehicles which operate
at varying speeds, The engine is coupled through a flexible coupling directly to a hydraulic
dynamometer that acts as the loading device . The engine is provided with all its accessories and
is fitted on a rigid bed. All instruments are mounted on a panel board.
The engine cooling water pipe line is connected to a water supply line, Fuel consumption is
measured by means of the burette and a three way cock which regulates the fuel flow from the
tank to the engine. When the lever is pointing upwards, fuel flows directly from the tank to the
engine. When it is pointing sideways, fuel from the burette flows to the engine and by measuring
the time taken for 10 cc of fuel to flow from the burette, fuel consumption is calculated .
Air consumption is measured by using a MS tank which is fitted with a standard orifice and a U
tube water manometer that measures the pressure inside the tank1 A multi channel digital
temperature indicator is used to read the temperature of the exhaust gas water inlet and outlet
thermocouples. The thermocouples are fitted on wells provided in the pipe lines
An exhaust gas calorimeter consisting of a heat exchanger wherein, the gases are cooled by a
cooling water line is provided to determine the gas Cp. Separate thermocouples are provided to
measure the exhaust gas outlet temperature from the calorimeter and the calorimeter cooling
water inlet and outlet temperature. The engine test rigs multichannel temperature indicator is
provided with necessary additional channels.

A charged battery is used to start the engine.

A radiator (optional) is provided for the engine test rig. If the radiator is to he used,
alter it is filled with water the inlet and exit valves connecting the extemal cooling water lines to
the engine are to be closed and the valves connecting the radiator are to be opened. It should be r
oled that at full load tests, the radiator coolin will not be sufficient for the engine in a moving
car, the radiator cooling becomes effective only because of the car speed
A clutch is provided for engaging/disengaging the engine from the hydraulic dynamometer. The
engine can be started even with the clutch fully engaged
Precautions;
l . It is strongly recommended that the operator is familiar with the engine before it is started.
Before the engine is started, check the lubricating oil level in the crank case and add oil it
required. All recommended periodic maintenance and service in the manual must be carried out
for the engine, .
2.At any time either the radiator or the external cooling water line is to be used. Both cannot be
used at the same time. When external cooling water is used, radiator valves should be closed to
avoid leakage or even rupture due to high pressure water supply.
3.Do not operate the exhaust gas calorimeter without water as the brazing used for copper tubes
in the heat exchanger will melt at Full load engine exhaust temperatures (over 400-500 deg C).

Experimental Procedure:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.

X.
XI.
XII.

check Fuel level.

Check lubrication oil level.
Open the three way cock so that fiiel flows to the engine directly from the tank
Open the cooling water valves and ensure water flows through the engine.
Open the waterline to the hydraulic dynamometer.
Keep the loading in the hydraulic dynamometer at minimum
Start the engine. if the engine is cold, press the heater button until the glow
indicator glows and then start the engine.
Operate the throttle valve so that the engine picks up the speed to the 1500 rpm.
Load engine with the hydraulic dynamometer loading is achieved by the
direction marked. If sufficient load is not absorbed by the dynamometer speed,
the outlet valve in the dynamometer can be closed to increase the pressure (as
indicated by the pressure gauge) and hence the load.
When engine is loaded the speed will decrease speed. Hence open the throttle to
increase the speed.
When steady condition is reached , the cooling water temperatures are
maintained at the required level by adjusting the flow rate. Measure the flow
rate.
Adjust the cooling water flow rate in the exhaust gas calorimeter to achieve
steady state conditions.

Note the following readings:

1 Engine Speed
2 Hydraulic dynamometer reading

= N rpm
W Kg

3. Air tank water manometer reading:

Left column : h1 cm
Right column : h2 cm
Difference hm = (hl h2)/100 m of water
4. Time for l0cc. of fuel consumption
5. Engine cooling water flow rate

tf sec
= Wc kg/sec

6. Room temperature :

T0 deg C

7 Cooling water flow rate :

Wc

8. Engine cooling inlet water temperature

= Tl deg C

9. Engine cooling outlet water temperature

= T2 deg C

10, Exhaust gas temperature

= TE deg C

Alternatively for exhaust gas calorimeter, note the following readings:

l l. Calorimeter inlet water temperature
12. Calorimeter outlet water temperature

= T3 deg C
= T4 deg C

13. Exhaust gas calorimeter inlet temperature

= T5 deg C

14. Exhaust gas calorimeter outlet temperature

= T6 deg C

l5. Calorimeter cooling water flow rate

Repeat the experiment for various loads.

= Ww kg/sec

Calculations:
( a) Actual air flow measurement Va:
Difference of water column
Equivalent air :
Where rho water
rho air
Say rho air
Height of air column

= hm meters of water
= hm x rho water/ rho air
= density of water
= density of air
= 1.16 kg/n 3 (at RTP)
= hm x 1000/1 .16
= Hm meter of air

Diameter of the orifice d

Area of the orifice a

= 0.035111.
= 3,14xd2/4 sq.m
= 0.962x10 sq.m

Actual volume of air/sec Va

= Cd a (2gHm)0.5

Where Cd = 0.62
Va

= 0.0776 (Hm)5 cu.m/sec

(b) Theoretical air intake Vt:

Piston bore D

= 78mm

Piston stroke L

= 94mm

Speed

= N RPM.

For a 4 cylinder engine, ,

Volume of air Vt

= (3.14xi)2xLx2xN)/(4x60)
= Nx1.5E-05;Cu.m/sec

Volumetric efficiency

= Va/Vt x100%

(0) Engine Output (Brake horse power BHP ):

Hydraulic dynamometer BHP

= WN/2000 HP
= WN/(2000*1.36) KW

(1 HP. = 10.54 Kcal/min.) 1

(d) Total fuel consumption TFC:

Time for 10cc. of fuel consumption :

= tf secs

Fuel consumption per minute Q :

= l0x60/tf

TFC in kg/min

Wf

= Q x sp.gr/IOOO
=Q x 0.83/1000

(e) Brake thermal efficiency.

Heat Input in Kcal/min

= TFC x calorific value

Calorific Value of diesel

= 10833 Kcal/Kg

Heat input
lnput power (Fuel HP)

=TFC*lO,833 Kcal/min
= IFCx10.833/10.54 hp
=TFCx10,833/14.34 KW

Brake Thermal Efficiency :

= Engine output/lnput power

(f) Heat carried away by cooling water

For W Kg of water time taken

= tc seconds

Cooling water/minute We

= W*6O/tc

Heat carried away per minute

= Wc.S.(T2T1 ) Kcal/min

Where, S = Sp. heat of water Kcal/kg

T2: Outlet temperature

Tl: Inlet temperature

Cooling water loss

= (Cooling water loss/Heat lnput)x100

(g) Exhaust gas heat loss:

Volume of air intake/minute V

= Va x 60 m3/min

Weight of air/minute Wa

= 1.16 x V Kg/min

Weight of fuel/minute Wf

= TFC Kg/min

Total weight of exhaust gas W :

= Wa + Wf Kg/min

Heat lost by exhaust gas

T0 = Ambient room temperature:
Cg = specific heat of exhaust gas = l.30 (assumed)

= Wg,Cg.(TE-TO)

With Exhaust gas calorimeter (to determine the Cg):

Heat lost by exhaust gas

= Heat gained by cooling water

Heat lost by exhaust gas

= Wg.Cg,(T 5T6)

Heat gained by cooling water

= Ww.Cw.(T4T3)

Here Wg = mass flow rate of exhaust gas kg/sec

= Wa + (T,F.C.)/6O l
Cg = specific heat of exhaust gas
Ww : mass flow rate of cooling water kg/ sec
Cw = specific heat of water = 1.0
specific heat of exhaust gas Cg :

= WN(T4~T3)/(Wg(T5-T6))

Heat carried away by exhaust gas

= Wg,Cg.(T5 T0)

Percentage of Exhaust gas loss = Exhaust gas heat loss/Heat input x100%
(h) Friction Loss

= Heat Input (BHP + cooling xii/titer loss + exhaust gas loss)

(i) Air Fuel Ratio

= Weight of air intake/Weight of fuel intake

DRAW GRAPHS:
B.H.P.

Vs. Air Fuel Ratio

Vs. Various losses