Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Neurological
Assessment
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Neurological Anatomy
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Neuro. Videos
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Alzheimers Disease
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/
000003.htm
Bladder Function neurological control:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/
000009.htm
Brain components:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/
000016.htm
Basic Anatomy
Impulses transmitted by:
Neurons- Basic structures for receiving
and sending signals.
Dendrites receive signals
Axons send signals
Synapse is space between axon and
dendrite.
Brain
Cerebrum
l Frontal
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain, composed of 2
hemispheres and 4 lobes. Frontal, parietal,
temporal and occipital.
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebellum
lCerebellum[PRODUCTION NOTE: Please insert Figure 23-2 (from Jarvis Physical
Examination and Health Assessment, 5e, ISBN: 978-1-4160-3243-4)]
Diencephalon
Area between cerebral hemispheres and
the brainstem it contains:
Thalamus relay station for the nervous
system, sorts out impulses and directs
them to the cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus maintains homeostasis
by controlling vital functions:
temperature, heart rate, BP, pituitary
regulator, emotions
Figure 8-14.
l Medial
Sensory Pathways
Motor Pathways
Brain Stem
stem central core of the brain,
contains midbrain, pons and medulla.
l Midbrain- contains many neurons and
tracts
l Pons Controls rhythmicity of respiration,
contains motor and sensory pathways.
l Medulla Cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor
control. Swallow, gag and cough reflex.
Motor and sensory fibers cross here.
l Spinal Cord continues with the brain
stem.
Cerebral Circulation
l Brain
Functional Divisions
Neuro. Videos
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Stroke (CVA)
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000123.htm
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000124.htm
Cerebral aneurysm:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000026.htm
Concussion:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/
000034.htm
Pain:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/
000054.htm
3 layers tissue
Dura mater
Arachnoid layer
Pia mater
Spaces:
Epidural
Subdural
Subarahnoid
l Functional
Neurological Assessment
Subjective
l Headaches
l Paresthesia
(burning/
numbness/tingling)
injury
l Syncope (faint) l Dysphagia (difficulty
swallowing)
l Dizziness
l Dysphasia (difficulty
l Vertigo (rotational
speaking
spinning)
l Significant past Hx
l Seizures
l Environmental/occupational
l Tremors
hazards
l Head
Cognitive Assessment
Thought process
l Calculations
l Current events
l Response to proverbs
l Judgment & problem solving ability
l Communication abilities
l Emotion- Mood and affect
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Figure 8-26.
Trigeminal Nerve V
l : sensory function
l -Corneal Reflex Test
l Facial Nerve VII
: motor function
- Eye Blinking
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Trigeminal Nerve
: Motor Test
8-27.
l Six
Trigeminal Nerve V
: sensory function
- Cotton ball light touch
& Sharp and dull test on Face
Figure 8-28.
l PERRLA
Figure 8-29.
Figure 8-31.
l Pupil
Accommodation
Figure 8-33.
Figure 8-34.
Figure 8-35.
Figure 8-37.
Sensory Assessment
l Sensory
l Spinothalamic
l Posterior
Sensory Assessment
l Vibration
Figure 8-41.
Figure 8-42.
l Pain
Figure 8-43.
Figure 8-44.
Cerebellar Function
Assessment
Figure 8-46.
l Evaluation
of Gait
l Posture
Figure 8-47.
Figure 8-48.
l Finger-to-Nose
Test
Cerebellar Assessment
Figure 8-50.
l Hand
l Pronate
l Feet
Figure 8-51.
l Diadochokinesia
Test
Figure 8-53.
Reflex Arc
DTR Assessment
l Scale
0 - 4+
= absent,
l 1+ = diminished
l 2+ = average
l 3+ = brisk
l 4+ = hyperactive,
clonus.
l 0
DTR Assessment
Figure 8-57.
l Deep
Figure 8-59.
Figure 8-60.
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Figure 8-61.
Figure 8-62.
l Alternate
Figure 8-63.
Figure 8-64.
Superficial Cutaneous
Reflex Assessment
Figure 8-66.
l Abdominal
stimulus.
l Cremasteric
l Babisnki
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Figure 8-67.
Summary
l Neurological
assessment includes:
l Mental
status
assessment
l Cranial nerves
l Motor Functions & Muscle tone
l Sensory Function
l Cerebellar Function
l DTR & superficial cutaneous reflexes
l Glasgow Coma Scale
l Cognitive
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