Designing an Above-Ground Storage System

Determine Storage Volume Required

1.0 Storage type to be used is within the site
An above-ground OSD storage is to be provided in the landscape area at the front of the site.
The storage will be excavated into the original ground with slope of 1 in 2. The primary outlet will be
an orifice housed in outlet r.c. sump which will discharge to the existing covered road side drain.
The secondary outlet (emergency overflow) will be via a broad-crested weir on top of proposed orifice.
2.0 Determine the area of the site that will be directed to the OSD storage system.
The whole site area of the site will drain to the OSD storage

66900 m2

3.0 Determine the amount of impervious and pervious areas draining to the OSD storage system.
3.1 Post-redevelopment:
Impervious area:
Building Footprint, carparks &
roads
=
Turf and landscape

66900 m2
26500 m2

3.2 Pre-development:
The site before development was a park lawn surfaced with tress and grass (impervious area of
Impervious area =
0 m2
Pervious area =
66900 m2
4.0 Determine times of concentration, tc and tcs.
Site-based Method - To determine times of concentration, an analysis of the site catchment
drainage system will need to be undertaken. For this case, it is assumed that:
tcs =
tc =

20 minutes
30 minutes

5.0 Calculate the pre and post-development flows for the area draining to the OSD storage.
The minor drainage system that the OSD storage will discharge into has been designed for 5 year
ARI capacity. The rainfall intensity is estimated using Equation 13.2 (MASMA) (tc > 30 minutes)
and Table 13.A1 for tc:
ln(RIt) = a + b ln(t) + c (ln(t))2 + d (ln(t))3
From Table 13.A1: (For 5 year ARI)
a=
6.1694
b = -0.2513
ln(5I30) =
I30 =

c=

-0.0382

d=

0.0021

4.955
181.2 mm/hr

Using the Rational Method, the pre and post-development flows are calculated as follows:
Development
Status
Pre-development

I (mm/hr)
181.2

Impervious Area
C
A (m2)
0.8
0

Pervious Area
C
A (m2)
0.3
66900

CA
20070

Qd (l/s)
1010.19 Qp

Post-redevelopment

181.2

0.8

66900

0.3

26500

61470

3093.99 Qa

6.0 Determine the required PSD

Using Equation 19.1 with Equations 19.1a and 19.1b for above-ground storage:

a = 4 Qa 0.333 tc Qp + 0.75tc + 0.25tcs

tc
Qa

Equations 19.1a

b = 4 Qa Qp

Equations 19.1b

PSD = (a - (a2 - 4b)1/2)

2

Equations 19.1

So
a=

12690.2

b=

1E+007

PSD =

1076.5 l/s

7.0 Determine the required SSR

The site discharge for the 10 year ARI and the corresponding SSR is calculated for a range of storm
durations to determine the maximum SSR for the total storage. These calculations are summarised
in the following two tables.
Note: Adopted two different methods for estimating the rainfall intensity depending on whether the storm
duration td is less than or greater than 30 minutes.

td (min)
5
10
15
20
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

I(mm/hr)
297
255.4
212.6
181.2
141.9
132.6
125
118.5
118.5
118.5
125

td
(mins)
5
10
15
20
30
35
40

Qd
(l/s)
5071.275
4360.955
3630.145
3093.990
2422.943
2264.145
2134.375

Impervious Area
C
A (m2)
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900
0.8
66900

Pervious Area
C
A (m2)
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500
0.3
26500

PSD

1076.5
1076.5
1076.5
1076.5
1076.5
1076.5
1076.5

850.156
835.207
813.722
791.505
749.843
736.371
723.873

48.901
56.866
68.314
80.152
102.351
109.530
116.189

SSR
(m3)
1251.67
2081.33
2473.30
2666.80
2827.35
2978.31
3106.35

CA
61470
61470
61470
61470
61470
61470
61470
61470
61470
61470
61470

Qd (l/s)
5071.275
4360.955
3630.145
3093.990
2422.943
2264.145
2134.375
2023.388
2023.388
2023.388
2134.375

45
50
55
60

2023.388
2023.388
2023.388
2134.375

1076.5
1076.5
1076.5
1076.5

711.912
711.912
711.912
723.873

122.562
122.562
122.562
116.189

3210.07
3566.74
3923.41
4659.53

From the above table, a maximum SSR occurs at a duration of 15 minutes.

Required SSR =

2473.30 m3

Size Primary Outlet

The primary outlet flow restricting pipe is sized to discharge 339.7 l/s when the PSD is full.
The pipe diameter is found by rearranging Equation 19.6 and using trial and error
Ap =

Where

2g.

PSD
Ys + S.L - Ye
KL

and

p.

Dp =

KL = Kt + Ke + Kf + Ko

Using the downstream end of the outlet pipe as the height datum, Ys =
Ye =
The outlet pipe slope, S =

0.5% and length. L =

For the trash rack, An/Ag =

1.8 m
1.2 m
25 m

0.75

Trash loss factor, Kt = 1.45 - 0.45(An/Ag) - (An/Ag) 2

0.55

- Equation 19.8

Entrance loss factor, Ke = (1/Cd2) - 1

- Equation 19.9

Friction loss factor, Kf = fL/D = 125(n2/D1/3)(L/D)

0.253 D-4/3

Adopt outlet loss factor, Ko =

KL =

0.5

4.05 + 0.101D-4/3

The trial and error calculations are summarised below:

Trial D
(mm)
300.0
400.0
450.0
441.0

KL
5.310
4.909
4.784
4.804

Area, Ap Estimated D
(mm)
(m2)
0.6577
915.1
0.6324
897.3
0.6243
891.5
0.6256
892.4

A pipe diameter of

450 mm is adopted.

>

1076.5 l/s which is < 5% greater than

the PSD

Determine Storage Dimension

The maximum allowable depth for a landscaped storage area is 600 mm. However, the depth of pond

exceed 600mm and side slope steeper than 1(V):4(H), due consideration should be given to safety
aspects, such as the need for fencing, both when the storage is full or empty.
The minimum designed floor slope is 2% graded toward the DCP.
The adopted dimension of the storage volume are:
55 m (L) x

50 m (W) x

1 m (Dave) =

2750 m3 >

2473.30

Size Secondary Outlet

The secondary outlet is a broad-crested weir slotted into outlet sump. The weir should be sized for the
the estimated major system ARI flow from the site for time tcs =
20 minutes
The major drainage system in the catchment has been designed for 50 year ARI.
The

20 minutes, 50year ARI rainfall intensity for the site is estimated using Equation 13.3:
I20 =

50

203.6 mm/hr

Using the Rational Method, the amjor system flow is calculated as follows:
I (mm/hr)
203.6

Impervious Area
C
A (m2)
0.9
66900

Pervious Area
C
A (m2)
0.5
26500

Assuming the head over the weir is limited to

Equation 20.6,

Q = CBCW B H1.5
B=

19.55 m

CA
73460

Q (l/s)
4154.57

0.25 m and CBCW =

1.7