Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IJGM
Research Article
Department of Geology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
PTDF Professorial Chair, Department of Geology, University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN), Enugu State, Nigeria.
Topographic values in the study area range from 80m to 170m. The rock type comprises
Basement Complex at the west bounded by River Niger, and sedimentary rock type in the east.
Density measurements of various rocks were taken with the highest bulk density from the
metamorphic schist (2.77gm/cm3), followed by igneous rock olivine gabbro (2.73gm/cm3), and
sandstone (2.35gm/cm3). Results of gravity survey revealed a mean Bouguer anomaly of +12.15
mgals and a mean free air anomaly of +22.0 mgals. Interpretation of gravity measurements
revealed the existence of a fracture at Gboloko NE-SW axis, a synclinal fold axis at about 5.5km
west of Gboloko (between the Staurolite Schist and Cordierite-Tourmaline schist). The
Basement-Sedimentary boundary is characterized by a drop in residual Bouguer anomaly from
positive to negative at about 6km east of Gboloko. The thickness of the sediments is about
0.90km at the northern part of the Basement-Sedimentary boundary, and about 2.0km in the
south, thus suggesting a progressive increase in sedimentary thickness at the western edge of
the Benue trough. The Free-air anomaly highs correspond to Bouguer anomaly highs and tied
to areas of high topography and bands of weathered, lateritized sediments. The Bouguer
anomaly profiles exhibited reliable signature changes at the rock boundaries, thus a supportive
tool for delineation of those border areas.
Keywords: Free-air anomalies, Bouguer anomaly, Gravity profiles, Basement complex rocks, bulk density.
INTRODUCTION
o
031
032
033
Figure 2. Gravity measurement showing Bouguer anomaly Profiles superimposed on Geologic map with rock boundaries.
034
Figure 3. Bouguer anomaly and free-air anomaly signatures in relation with rock changes.
035
Rock type
No of samples
Schist
Gneiss
14
2
Mean
dry
3
density g/cm
2.55
2.34
Saturated
density
3
range g/cm
2.43 2.89
2.40 2.56
Rock type
No of samples
Gabbro
Granite
Pegmatite
4
3
1
Dry/saturated
density
range
(gm/cm)
2.54 2.73
2.39 2.58
2.34
Mean dry/
density
weight
2.64
2.49
Rock type
Sandstone
No
samples
7
of
Dry
density
3
range (gm/cm )
1.85 2.55
Mean
dry
3
density g/cm
2.10
Saturated density
3
range g/cm
1.91 - 2.45
CONCLUSION
There is a synergy or relational trend of the Bouguer
anomaly and the Free-air anomaly in the area. They
occur as indicators of lithologic changes as well as
topographic variation. Portions of appreciable density
contrast are generally identifiable as negative Bouguer or
Free-air anomalies.
REFERENCES
Adeleye, D. R. (1976). The Geology of the Middle Niger
Basin. In Geology of Nigeria. (Ed) Kogbe C.
A.,Elizabethan Publ. Co, Lagos Pp. 283 287.
Artsybashev, V.A., and Kogbe, C.A..1974. Crustal
structure of the Benue Valley Area Nigeria.
Geologische Rundschau, Vol. 64, No.2.
Cratchley, C. R., and Jones G. P., (1965). An
interpretation of the Geology and Gravity anomalies of
the Benue Valley, Nigeria. Overseas Geological survey,
Geophysical Paper No. 1, 26p.
036
Copyright: 2016 Madu and Onuoha. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author and source are cited.
037
APPENDIX 1
Computation of regression line
Equation of a straight line: Y = a0 + a1 x.
Where
n
x
Y
a1
a0
#
1
2
3
4
5
n=5
n=5
X
1
3
5.125
7.12
9.27
X =25.5250
XY
3547.8015
10667.2416
18200.3582
25344.8440
32958.1427
XY = 90718.3880
Y
3547.0815
3555.7472
3551.2894
3559.6691
3555.3552
Y = 17769.8624
X
1.0
9.0
26.2655
50.6944
85.9329
2
X = 172.8928
= 0.9084
Where 1
= 0.9084
= 3553.9725
= 5.1030
ao
= 3553.9725 0.9084 (5.103)
= 3549.3369
The equation of the line then becomes;
Regression line for 28/9/83 Gravity survey:
Y
3549.3369
X
0
3550.2453
1
3557.5125
9