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T.E. (Mechanical) (Semester I) Examination, 2011

HEAT TRANSFER
(2008 Pattern) (New)
Time : 3 Hours

Total Marks : 100

SECTION I

1. a) Write a short note on :

i) Variable thermal conductivity
ii) Isotropic and anisotropic material
iii) Insulating materials.

b) A surface having an area of 1.5 m2 and maintained at 300C exchanges heat

by radiation with another surface at 40C. The value of factor due to the
geometric location and emissivity is 0.52. Determine :
i) Heat lost by radiation
ii) The value of thermal resistance, and
iii) The value of equivalent convection coefficient.
OR

2. a) Write three dimensional heat conduction equations in cylindrical and spherical

coordinates and reduce it to one dimensional form.

b) The variation of thermal conductivity of a wall material is given by

k = k0 (1 + + 2 ) .
If the thickness of the wall is L and its two surfaces are maintained at temperature
T1 and T2, find an expression for the steady state
one-dimensional heat flow through the wall.

3. a) Derive an expression for temperature distribution in plane wall under steady

state state heat conduction with heat generation for asymmetrical boundary
condition.

b) Heat is conducted through a tapered circular rod of 200 mm length. The ends
A and B having diameters 50 mm and 25 mm are maintained at 27C and
227C respectively. k(rod material) = 40 W/mC. Find :
i) Heat conducted through the rod
ii) The temperature at the mid-point of the rod. Assume one dimensional steady
state conduction.
OR

P.T.O.

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4. a) Derive an expression for critical radius of insulation for sphere.

b) A plane wall is 1 m thick and it has one surface (x = 0) insulated while the
other surface (x = L) is maintained at a constant temperature of 350C. The
thermal conductivity of the wall is 25 W/m K and a uniform heat generation
per unit volume of 500 W/m3 exists throughout the wall. Determine the maximum
temperature in the wall and the location of the plane where it occurs.

10

5. a) Derive an expression for instantaneous heat flow rate and total heat transfer
under unsteady state heat conduction.

10

b) A heating unit is made in the form of a vertical tube fitted with rectangular
section steel fins. The tube height is 1.2 m and its outer diameter is 60 mm.
The fins are 50 mm in height and their thickness is 3 mm. The total number of
fins used is 20. The temperature of the base of the fin is 80C and surrounding
temperature is 18C. The HTC on the fin surface and tube surface to the
surrounding air is 9.3 W/m2K. K(fin material) = 55.7 W/mC. Calculate the
rate of heat transfer from the tube with and w/o fin.

OR
6. a) Derive the formula for rate of heat transfer, efficiency and effectiveness for a
short fin.

10

b) An egg with mean diameter of 40 mm and initially at 20C is placed in a

boiling water pan for 4 minutes and found to be boiled to the consumers
taste. For how long should a similar egg for same consumer be boiled when
taken from a refrigerator at 5C. Take the following properties for egg :
k = 10 W/mK, = 1200 kg/m3, c = 2 kJ/kgK and h = 100 W /m2K. Use lump
theory.

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SECTION II
7. a) Explain how the concepts of radiosity and irradiation are used to obtain surface
resistance and space resistance.
b) Derive and expression for Wiens displacement law.

4
6

c) The effective temperature of a body having an area of 0.12 m2 is 527C.

Calculate the following :
i) The total rate of energy emission,
ii) The intensity if normal radiation, and
iii) The wavelength of maximum monochromatic emissive power.
OR

8. a) The radiation shape factor of the circular surface of a thin hollow cylinder of
10 cm diameter and 10 cm length is 0.1716. What is the shape factor of the
curved surface of the cylinder with respect to itself ?

b) Calculate the net radiant heat exchange per m2 area for two large parallel
plates at temperatures of 427C and 27C respectively (hot plate) = 0.9 and
(cold plate) = 0.6. If a polished aluminium shield is placed between them,
find the % reduction in the heat transfer; (shield) = 0.4.

9. a) Lubricating oil at a temperature of 60C enters 1 cm diameter tube with a

velocity of 3 m/s. The tube surface is maintained at 40C. Assuming that the
oil has the following average properties. Calculate the tube length required to
cool the oil to 45C. = 865 kg/m3; k = 0.14 W/mK; cp = 1.78 kJ/kg K.
Assume flow to be laminar (and fully developed). Nu = 3.657.

b) Differentiate between internal flow and external flow.

c) Differentiate between Reynolds number and Grashoff number.

OR

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10. a) A hot plate 1m 0.5 m at 130C is kept vertically in still air at 20C. Find :
i) Heat transfer coefficient
ii) Initial rate of cooling the plate in C/min
iii) Time required for cooling plate from 180C if the heat transfer is due to
convection only. Mass of the plate is 20 kg and cp = 400 J/kg K.
Assume 0.5 m side is vertical and that the heat transfer coefficient calculated
in i) above remains constant and convection takes place from both sides of
the plate. Take properties of air at 75C as c p = 1000 J/kgC, = 1.07 m2/s;
k = 0.029 J/kg K; = 19.1 106 m2/s.

b) Explain with velocity and temperature distribution, the mechanism of natural

convection heat transfer.

c) Explain the term convective heat transfer coefficient and its relation with thermal
boundary layer thickness.

11. a) Derive an expression for effectiveness by NTU method for the counter flow
heat exchanger. Hence derive an expression for condenser and evaporator
and typical regenerators.
10
b) A parallel flow heat exchanger has hot and cold water streams running through
it and has the following data :
mh = 10 kg/min; m c = 25 kg/min; c ph = cpc = 4.18 kJ/kgC; Thi = 70C;
T ho = 50C; T ci = 25C. Individual HTC on both sides = 60 W/m2C.
Calculate the following :
i) The area of the heat exchanger
ii) The exit temperature of hot and cold fluids if hot water flow rate is doubled.
OR
12. a) Discuss pool boiling curve. What is the significance of critical heat flux in
design of evaporators ?

10

b) Write a short note on :

i) Filmwise and dropwise condensation
ii) Heat pipe.

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