Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Ministry of Higher Education &

Scientific Research

Koya University

Course Book
Faculty of Engineering (FENG)
Department of Civil Engineering (DCEN)
First Year

Course Title
Engineering Mechanics
Course Code
EMC5101
Course Module URL
https://sites.google.com/a/koyauniversity.org/emc5101

Mrs. Sheelan A. Ahmed

Lecturer
1

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Koya University
Course Name
Academic Year
Teacher in Charge
Faculty / School / Department
Contact details
Coordinator peer reviewers Name
e-mail

Engineering Mechanics
2015-2016
Lecturer : Sheelan A. Ahmed
FENG/DCEN
Email: sheelan.abdulwahid@koyauniversity.org
TAP: http://sites.koyauniversity.org/sheelan-abdulwahid/
Mobile phone: 07705164900
Assist. Lect. Mohanad Yaseen
Email: mohanad.yaseen@koyauniversity.org

Time Table
Classes

Office hours

Sunday: 10:30 AM 12:30 PM ( Theory )

Wednesday : 10:30 AM 12:30 PM (Theory)
Sunday: 12:30-2:30
Monday: 11:30 1:30 PM
Tuesday :8:30 2:30 PM
Wednesday: 8:30 10:30 AM

Grading
The students are required to do two closed book exams two times during the academic year
besides the laboratory exams and reports;
1st Mid-term Exam: 20%
2nd Mid-term Exam: 20%
Final Exam: 60%

Course Overview
This course provides students with basic knowledge and tools in mechanics and with problem solving
skills for the following topics (Vectors in 2-D and 3-D, vector products, free body diagrams, 2-D and
3-D force systems, moments, moment vector, moment about a line, couples, equivalent systems, 2D and 3-D equilibrium, 2-D trusses, centroids for areas, lines and volumes, distributed loads,
moments of inertia, kinematics of particles, rectilinear & curvilinear motion, kinetics of particles and
rigid bodies, work and energy, impulse and momentum, plane motion, translation and rotation ,
vibration)

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Course Title:

Engineering Mechanics

Course Code

EMC5101

No. of hours/week:

4 | 3 hrs. theory + 1 hrs. tutorial

No. of Units:

Text Books:

Higdon , Engineering of Mechanics Statics and Dynamics

1) Hibbler ,Engineering Mechanics
2) J.L. Meriam Engineering Mechanics (Volume 1) Statics SI Version

Course Objective:

This is the first course where students are expected to apply engineering
science concepts to engineering problems. The objective is to present
students with basic skills for 2-D and 3-D vectors and concept of force,
moment and equilibrium. Emphasis is placed on the development of
visualization, analytical and independent thinking skills through problem
solving. To provide students with a basic understanding of forces and motion,
and thus to give students a fundamental understanding and background in
introductory (planar) dynamics at the second year university level, as well as
to prepare students for further study in the subject area. To provide students
in other engineering curricula with a background in this fundamental
engineering science.

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Weekly Course Outlines

Lecture
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Topic
Introduction to static
Force systems
Resultants of force systems
Resultants of force systems
Equilibriums of force systems
Equilibriums of force systems
Equilibriums of force systems
Plane trusses
Plane trusses
Centroids
Centroids
Centroids
Center of gravity
Center of gravity
Center of pressure
Moments of inertia of areas and masses
Moments of inertia of areas and masses
Moments of inertia of areas and masses
principles of virtual work
Introduction to dynamics
Kinematics of particles
particles
Rectilinear & curvilinear motion
Kinetics of particles and rigid bodies
Work and energy
Impulse and momentum
Plane motion,
Translation and Rotation & Vibration

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

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Mechanics: is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned with the state of rest
or motion of bodies subjected to the action of forces. Engineering mechanics is divided
into two areas of study, namely, statics and dynamics.
1. Introduction to Static:
Statics is the branch of mechanics that studies the effects of forces and moments acting
on rigid bodies that are either at rest or moving with constant velocity along a straight
path.
Learning Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit:
The students should be able to define and describe the following basic concepts in
mechanics: (Plane , space , mass, particle ,force ,scalar and vector)
The students will be able to perform the following basic vector calculations:
(Summation, subtraction, direction cosine, magnitude, component and unit vector)
The student will be able to work with any of the following system of units:
(SI units, US units, base units and derived units)
2. Force Systems:

To describe force, it is necessary to describe:

Magnitude: which is proportional to the length of arrow
Direction: indicated by the arrow head
Action line(angle of pull): indicated by the angle of the arrow with the horizontal line
Point of application: indicated by the tail of the arrow

Two or more forces may be:

Collinear: acting along the same action line
Coplanar: acting in the same plane
Concurrent: acting in the same point

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Learning Objectives

The students should demonstrate an understanding of the following concepts

relating to forces: Contact force, body force, collinear, coplanar and concurrent
force system.
The student will be able to show the following:
Couple is a special moment.
Prove that couple is a free vector
Prove that moving a force to a parallel location creates a couple
The students will learn the differences and similarities between 2D and 3D systems.

Additionally, the students should understand what complications are arising in studying
3D systems, and what is done to deal with these complications.
3. Resultants of force systems
The resultant of a force system is the simplest force system which can replace the original
system without changing its external effect on a rigid body. In this situation you must learn to
compute not only the magnitude and direction of the force but also the location of its line of
action.

Ry = Fy

Rx = Fx

R = (Rx)2 + (Ry)2

x = tan-1 (

Ry
Rx

y = tan-1 (

Rx
Ry

Learning Objectives

The students should demonstrate an understanding of the following concepts relating to

forces resultant: combination of a force system, decomposition of a force (rectangular
and non-rectangular), and using triangle law to obtain the resultant.
The student will be able to calculate the resultants of forces and couples.

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4. Equilibriums of force systems
If a system of forces acting on a body, keeps the body in a state of rest or in a state of
uniform motion along straight-line, then the system of forces is said to be in equilibrium.
Alternatively, if the resultant of the force system is zero, then, the force system is said
to be in equilibrium.
Fx = 0

Fy = 0

M = 0

Learning Objectives
The student will be able to write and describe the governing equations of equilibrium.
The student will be able to isolate a mechanical system using (Free body diagrams)
The student will be able to answer the following questions regarding statically
in/determinacy:
What is statically indeterminate?
What is statically determinate?
Students will be able to use the 3-D equilibrium equations to solve 3-D engineering
problems.
5. Center of Gravity and Centroid:
Center of Gravity: The point at which the entire weight of a body may be considered
as concentrated so that if supported at this point the body would remain in equilibrium
in any position
Center of mass: Coincides with center of gravity in uniform, parallel gravitational
field (on earth)
Centroid: Geometric center of an object. Coincides with center of mass when density
is uniform
Center of Gravity for a System of Particles

x =

xW
W

y =

yW
W

z =

zW
W

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Center of Mass for a System of Particles

x =

xM
M

y =

yM

z =

zM
M

The Center of Gravity for Composite Body

x =

x dV
dV

y =

y dV
dV

z =

z dV
dV

The Center of Mass for Composite Body

x =

x dV
dV

y =

y dV
dV

Line Centroid

x =

Area Centroid

x =

Volume Centroid

x =

z =

z dV
dV

x dL

y =

L
x dA

y =

L
x dV

y =

y dL
L
y dA
L
y dV
L

z =
z =
z =

z dL
L
z dA
L
z dV
L

Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
Discuss the concept of the center of gravity, center of mass and centroid.
The student will be able to calculate the center of mass of a body, and apply the
equations of equilibrium to solve relevant application problems
The student will be able to calculate centroids for( lines, areas and volumes)
6. Center of Pressure
The intersection of the line of action of the resultant of the distributed force system and
the plane on which it acts is known as the center of pressure.

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Learning Objectives
The student will be able to define and describe the following concepts:
Line distributed forces
Area distributed forces
Volume distributed forces
7. Plane Trusses
A truss is a structure made up of a number of members fastened
together at their ends in such a manner as to form a rigid body.
Idealized Trusses
Members are connected together at their ends only.
Members are connected together by frictionless pins.
Loads are applied only at the joints. (weights of members are neglected)
Method of joints is more convenient when the truss is relatively simple and forces in
all members are needed.
Method of sections is more convenient when the truss is relatively complex and forces
in only a few members are needed.
Learning Objectives
As a result of this learning activity, you will be able to do the following:
Use the Method of Joints to calculate the internal force in every member in a
truss.
Determine the strength of every member in a truss.
Evaluate a truss, to determine if it can carry a given load safely.
8. Friction:
The friction force acts in a direction parallel to the area of contact, and opposes the
motion or the tendency to move. The friction force depends on two things:
The normal force (N )
The nature of the surfaces involved ()
Ffriction = N

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Learning Objectives
The student will be able to define and describe the types of friction.
The student will be able to write and discuss the governing equation of dry friction.
The student will be able to define and discuss the concept of the friction angle.
The student will be able to use the concepts in this unit to solve the following type of
application problems (wedges , screws,disk friction and belts )
9. Moments of Inertia of Areas and Masses:
The second moment of area, also known as the area moment of inertia, or second
moment of inertia is a property of a cross section that can be used to predict the
resistance of beams to bending and deflection, around an axis that lies in the crosssectional plane. This chapter includes the following topics:

Second Moment, or Moment of Inertia, of an Area

Parallel-Axis Theorem
Radius of Gyration of an Area
Determination of the Moment of Inertia of an Area by Integration
Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas
Polar Moment of Inertia

Ix = (y)2 dA

Iy = (x)2 dA

J o = Ix + Iy

Ia = Icx + A d2

Ia = Icy + A d2

Ja = Jc + A d 2

Kx =

Ix
A

Ky =

Iy
A

Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
Define and be able to explain inertia
Understand and explain moment
Understand the meaning, symbolic representation (with the letter I), and units of
moment of inertia
10

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Understand how moment of inertia relates to the stiffness of structural elements
Understand that the moment of inertia of a beam or any structural element is based
on the shape and dimensions of its cross section
10. Principles of virtual work
The principle of virtual work states that at equilibrium the strain energy change due to a
small virtual displacement is equal to the work done by the forces in moving through
the virtual displacement.
Learning Objectives
The student will be able to define and describe the concept virtual work.
4. The student will be able to write the equilibrium conditions in terms of virtual
work, for particle , rigid body and system of rigid bodies)
The student will be able to define and discuss potential energy and relate to stability such as

elastic potential, energy equation and stability of equilibrium)

11. Introduction to Dynamics
Dynamic: deals with the accelerated motion of a body. The subject of dynamics will be
presented in two parts:
kinematics, which treats only the geometric aspects of the motion
Kinetics, which is the analysis of the forces causing the motion. To develop these
principles, the dynamics of a particle will be discussed first, followed by topics in
rigid-body dynamics in two and then three dimensions
Course Objectives:
This course is a vectorial treatment of the basics of dynamics, including free body
diagrams, kinematics, and kinetics of particles, systems of particles, and 2D rigid body.
The focus of this course is on deriving equation of motion using Newtons second law,
linear/angular impulse-momentum principles, and work-energy equation for problems
in engineering practice.
12. Kinematics of Particles
The kinematics of a particle is characterized by specifying, at any instant, its the
position, velocity and acceleration.
Rectilinear Kinematics: The kinematics of a particle is characterized by specifying,
at any given instant, the particles position, velocity, and acceleration.
11

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Curvilinear motion: occurs when a particle moves along a curved path. Since this path
is often described in three dimensions, vector analysis will be used to formulate the
particles position, velocity, and acceleration.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
Introduce the concepts of position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration.
Study particle motion along a straight line and represent this motion graphically.
Investigate particle motion along a curved path using different coordinate systems.
Present an analysis of dependent motion of two particles.
Examine the principles of relative motion of two particles using translating axes.
13. Kinetics of Particles and Rigid Bodies:
This chapter deals with topics on Kinetics of Particles such as Laws of motion, work
and energy, kinetics of rigid bodies; motion of vehicles are also covered.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
Formulate equations of motion for a rigid body using Newtons second law and its
rotational equivalent, and using conservation of energy.
Apply conservation of linear momentum and conservation of angular momentum to
study the motion of rigid bodies.
Analyze the dynamics of rigid bodies by solving their equations of motion
analytically.

12

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3 KN

9 KN

Q1: Find the forces in members AF, BF,

FE and CD of the truss shown in figure.

4.5

6 KN
D

3m

1m

E
F

20 Marks

3m

3m

3m

Q2:- Answer one of the followings:a

A:- For the shaded area shown in figure below.

Determine:
1) The coordinates of the centroid.
(10 Marks)
2) The first moment respect to the (a) axis. (10 Marks)

2 = 4 x
1

1m
1m

B: - For the shaded area shown in figure.

Determine
1) The coordinates of the centroid (10 Marks)
2) The polar moment of inertia
(10 Marks)

13

2m

2m
2m

3m

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Q3:- The Three blocks Shown in figure have a weight of (WA = 20 Kg), (WB = 40 Kg) and
(Wc = 60 Kg) .The coefficient of friction of three contacting surface are shown in
figure. Find the value of force (P) will cause block (A) to have impending motion.
20 Marks
15
8

= 0.5

= 0.3
= 0.2

Q4:-A ball is projected vertically upward from the surface of the earth with a velocity
(30 m/sec) when other ball is projected vertically upward with a velocity of (20 m/sec).
How far above the earth when the two balls meet
20 Marks
Q5:- Determine the resultant of the force system shown in figure and locate it with
respect to point A.
30 Ib

20 Marks

40

14

Ib

200 Ib. ft

50 Ib

1
15

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Q6:- The structure ABEF shown in figure below is one rigid body. Neglect the weights
of the two cables and of the body .Determine the components of the force on the
body at (B) and the tensions in cables AC and AD.
20 Marks

A
Cables
400Ib

C
E

500Ib

B
4

Ball and
Socket

10

10

Q1/Solution:
Joint (D)
R DE = (3)2 + (3)2 = 4.242 m

Fy = 0
FDE

3
4.242

6=0

R FE = (3)2 + (1)2 = 3.162 m

FDE = 8.484 KN (T) = 8.484 KN (C)

R GF = (3)2 + (0.5)2 = 3.04 m

Fx = 0
FDE

3
4.242

FDC =0

FDC = 8.484

3
4.242

R AF = (3)2 + (4)2 = 5 m

6 KN (T)

15

4
2m

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Section A-A
MB = 0
9 3 + 66 + FFE *

3
3.162

* 4= 0

FFE = - 16.6 KN (T) = 16.6 KN (C)

3 KN
A

4.5

Fx = 0
Gx Ax = 0
Ax = 26 KN

FGF = 26.34 KN (T) = 26.34 KN (C)

Fy = 0
3.04
0.5

3m

3m

+ 26 = 0

0.5

1m

Fx = 0

FGF

Joint (G)

3.04

Fy = 0
Ay - 3 9 6 = 0
Ay = 18 KN

6 KN

MA = 0
33 + 96+69 Gx 4.5 =0
Gx = 26 KN

FGF

9 KN

+ FGA = 0

26.34
+ FGA = 0
3.04
FGA = 4.33 KN (T)

16

3m

3m

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Joint (A)
Fy = 0
4
FGA = 0
5
4
4.33 = 0
5

FAF
FAF

FAF = 5.41 KN (T) =

5.41 KN (C)

Joint (F)
Fy = 0
FBF + FGF

0.5

3.04
0.5

FBF + 26.34

FAF

5
4

- 5.41

3.04

- FFE

1
3.162
1

-16.6

=0

3.162

=0

FAF = 5.24 KN (T)

Q2/A/Solution
1) y = 4 0 . y = 2
dA = (4x) dy = (4(4y)) dy = y dy
A=

2
0 y

dy = [

dMy = dA (

3
4x

My =
My =
x =

My
A

2
(
2 0
1
2

(2)3

] =

)=

2
4

1
2

8y y ) dy =

8(2)3
3

7.467
2.667

= 2.667 ft

+ x)

2
4+x

dMy = y dy (
1

(2)5
5

( y * (4 +(4 y)) dy =
1
2

8y3
3

y5
5

2
0

] = 7.466 ft

= 2.8 ft

dMx = dA * (y) = y dy * y = y dy
17

1
2

0 ( y (8 y) dy

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No
1
2
3
4

Area
4*4=16
-(1*1/2)= - 0.5
-(2*3/2)= - 3
-(2* )/2= -6.28
6.22

x
0
1.67
-1
0

My
0
-0.835
3
0
2.165

y
2
3.67
3.34
0.848

Mx
32
-1.835
-10.02
- 5.325
14.82
y
1m

0.35 m

1m

Mx =
y =

2
0 y

Mx
A

dy =
4

2.667

y4

[ ] =

(2)4

4 0

= 4 ft
2m

= 1.5 ft

2m
2m

2) dMa-a = dA * (3 y) = y dy * (3y) = (3y y) dy

Ma-a =

2
0 (3y

y) dy = [

3(y)3
3

(y)4
4

3(2)3

] =[

18

(2)4
4

] = 4 ft

3 m 2.38 m

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Q2/B/Solution
x =

My

y =

Mx

=
=

2.165
6.22
14.82

6.22

= 0.35 m

= 2.38 m

No
1
2
3
4

Ic or Ib
bh/3 = 4(4)/3 =85.33
bh/36 = 1(1)/36 =0.027
bh/36 = 3(2)/36 =0.667
r 4 /8 = (2)4 /8 = 6.283

Area
16
0.5
3
6.28
6.22

d
0
3.67
3.34
0

d
0
13.47
11.15
0

Ix
85.33
- 6.762
-34.12
0
44.45

No
1
2
3
4

Ic or Ib
bh/3 = 4(4)/12 =21.33
bh/36 = 1(1)/36 =0.027
bh/36 = 2(3)/36 =1.5
r 4 /8 = (2)4 /8 = 6.283

Area
16
0.5
3
6.28
6.22

d
0
1.67
1
0

d
0
2.79
1
0

Iy
21.33
- 1.42
-4.5
- 6.283
9.127

4m

4m

1m
1m
3m
2m

Jo = Ix + Iy
Jo = 44.45 + 9.127

2m

Jo = 53.577 m4

19

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Q3 /Solution
T

Block (C)
Fy = 0
NC WC T (

8
17

)=0
8
17

Fx = 0

FC T (

17

0.5 (588.6
T=

294.3
0.647

NC

)= 0

17
8
+T(
17

(Sub. Eq. (1))

15

)) T (

17

FC
Block B
FB

)= 0

NB
FB

= 454.87 N

NC = 588.6 + 454.87(

8
17

FC

( FC = C NC )
15

Block C

) ..(1)

)=0

C N C T (

8
15

NC = (60 9.81) + T (
15

15
17

8
17

Block A

) = 802.65 N
FA

FC = C NC = 0.5 802.65 = 401.32

Block (B)
Fy = 0
NB WB NC = 0
NB = (40 9.81) + 802.65
NB = 1195.0 N
FB = B NB = 0.3 1195.0 = 358.515 N
Block (A)
Fy = 0
NA WA NB = 0
NA = (20 9.81) + 1195.0
NA = 1391.2 N
FA = A NA = 0.2 1391.2 = 278.24 N
20

NA

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Fx = 0
FB + FA P = 0
P = 358.515 + 278.24 = 636.765 N
Block (B+A)
Fx = 0
FC + FA P = 0
P = 401.32+ 278.24 = 679.59 N > 636.765 N

( Ans. P = 636.765 N )

Q4 /Solution
Ball No. 1

V= 0

g = 9.81 10
v = vo2 2 S g
0 = (30) 2 S 10
S = 45 m
S = vo t +

45 - h

45 m

g t
2

10 (t)

45 h = 0(t)
2
h = 45 5 t ..(1)

Ball No.1

Ball No. 2
S = vo t +
h = 20(t)

g t
2
10 (t)
2

h= 20t 5 t .(2)
Solve equations (1) and (2)
t = 2.25 sec
h = 19.6 m

21

Ball No.2

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Q5 /Solution
R x = Fx = 30 50 40 (
R x = - 55.29 Ib

= 55.29 Ib

R y = Fy = - 40 (

17

R y = - 18.82 Ib

15
17

= 18.82 Ib

R = R x 2 + R y 2 = (55.29)2 + (18.82)2 = 58.4

x = tan-1 (

Ry
Rx

) = x = tan-1 (

18.82
55.29

) = 18.8

MPoint A = 0
30 * 6 50 * 3 +200 - 40 (

17

15

)*6 - 40 (

17

)*1 58.4 *d=0

81.76 = 58.4 d
d = 1.4 m
Q6 /Solution
R CA = (10)2 + (12)2 + (6) = 16.73 ft
R CA = (3)2 + (12)2 + (4) = 13 ft
Maxis through A Parallel x = 0
Bz = 0
Maxis through A Parallel z = 0
Bx * 12 +400 *10 500 * 8 = 0
Bx = 0
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Maxis through D Parallel y = 0
500 * 4 R CA *
R CA =

2000
3.467

10
16.73

* 4 R CA *

6
16.73

*3=0

= 576.9 Ib

Maxis z = 0
400 *10 + 500 *8 R CA *
R DA =

8000
9.942

10
16.73

* 12 R DA *

= 804.67 Ib

Fy = 0
By R CA *

12
16.73

By 576.9 *

R DA *

12
16.73

12
13

400 = 0

804.67 *

12
13

400 = 0

By = 1556.56 Ib

23

3
13

* 12 = 0

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Scientific Research

Koya University
Student feedback regarding the course
Course

Date

Department:
No.

Year

Teacher

Faculty of Eng.

University of Koya
Level (15)

Assessment questions

Were the aims and message of the course clear?

Were the contents of the course useful? Was it related to the main
aims of the department?

Do you think the course teacher worked hard to prepare the course
book?

Did the teacher highlight the core topics and points in an easyto
understand manner?

Did the teacher arrive and conclude the lectures on time?

Did the teacher behave in a professional manner during the lecture?

Were the slides that were used clear and comprehensive?

Did the teacher leave any time for questions

and answers? Did he/she answer them satisfactorily?

Did the teacher handle any criticisms or complaints?

10

Were exam procedures clearly explained?

11

Did the exam questions reflect the topics presented and studied in
the course?

12

Were the reading references new and relevant to the topic?

More objective notes

Total level

Assessment measurement
1 <2 Not Good

2 <3 Average

3 <4 Good

24

45 Very
Good